Tea offering: When visiting a herdsman's home or at a tourist spot, the host or waitress will first offer the guests a bowl of milk tea. Guests should get up slightly and pick it up with their hands or right hand. Never pick it up with their left hand, otherwise it will be considered impolite. When the host or waitress pours tea, if the guest doesn't want tea, please gently touch the spoon or spout with the edge of the bowl, and the host will immediately understand the guest's intention. It is a noble Mongolian traditional etiquette to offer tea to guests. In the history of Mongolia, whether it is a rich family or a poor family, whether it is an upper class or a common people, whether it is in communication or at home, on the journey, or on all other occasions, tea is the entertainment product. Tea is an indispensable treat when guests come at home. Therefore, as usual, the herdsmen present a bowl of milk tea to the guests, and then the host brings fried rice and a bowl of cream, milk tofu and milk skin.
Toast: It is a traditional way for Mongolian people to treat guests by pouring wine. They believe that wine is the essence of food, the crystallization of grains, and offering the most precious food is to express the respect and love of grassland herders for their guests. Usually, the host pours the wine into a silver bowl, a gold cup or a horn cup, rests it on a long Hada and sings a touching traditional Mongolian toast song. If the guest refuses to drink, it will be considered as contempt for the host and unwilling to treat him sincerely. Guests should immediately catch the wine, dip their ring fingers in the wine and point it in the direction of heaven, earth and stove to show their respect for heaven, earth and Vulcan. Don't be reluctant to drink, but touch your lips to show that you have accepted the pure friendship of your master. Then housewives dressed in national costumes bring fragrant milk wine to entertain guests, which is also the traditional etiquette of Mongolian people. The host will persuade the wine in poetic language: "A distant guest will treat you to a cup of grassland wine, which is the essence of our national traditional food and the kindness and affection of our grassland people."
Worship of God: There is a custom of worshipping God in Mongolian ceremonies and banquets. According to the Mongolian Custom Guide, the chef cut the sheep into nine equal pieces of meat, "the first piece is for heaven, the second for land, the third for Buddha, the fourth for ghosts, the fifth for people, the sixth for mountains, the seventh for graves, the eighth for land and water gods, and the ninth for the emperor". Sacrifice to heaven throws the meat above the yurt; The sacrificial ground is thrown into the fire; Sacrifice the Buddha in front of the shrine; Sacrificing ghosts is placed outside the bag; Sacrifice to the mountain is hung on the branches of sacred trees, and sacrifice to the grave is a sacrifice to the ancestors of this nation. Put it outside the bag, throw it in the river park to sacrifice the water god, and finally sacrifice it to Genghis Khan and put it in front of the shrine. This custom can be traced back to the ancient Shamanism, which worships many gods. Later, Lamaism, a Mongolian belief, absorbed its ancient folk beliefs and brought many gods into the track of Lamaism.
Hospitality: Mongolians have been known for their straightforward temperament and warm hospitality since ancient times. Be enthusiastic about visitors at home, whether they are regular customers or strangers. First of all, offer the fragrant milk tea, and bring out plates of white milk skin and cheese. After drinking milk tea, the host will offer mellow milk wine and invite guests to drink koumiss in midsummer. In some areas, guests are entertained with hand-picked meat, and there are certain rules. For example, eat with a pipa with four long ribs; Beef is served with a spine with half a rib and a fat sausage. Before or after marriage, a girl goes back to her mother's house to treat her with sheep breast meat. The calf bones, chin and neck meat of the sheep are all for the younger generation and children. Receive distinguished guests or set up a whole lamb mat on festive days.
Respect for the old and love for the young: Mongolians are old and orderly, and respect for the old and love for the young. Be a guest at the Mongolian herdsmen's house, and greet the old people when you meet them. Don't pass in front of the old man, don't sit in his upper position, and don't sit side by side with the old man without permission. When addressing the elderly, you should be called "you", and you are not allowed to be commensurate with "you" or call them by their first names. Don't yell at the herdsmen's children when you see them, let alone hit them. Don't talk about your child's physical defects in front of your family. Being kind and kind to children is considered as respect for parents.
Singing: Mongolian people's persuasion is often expressed by sincere singing. Singing and persuasion are carried out at the same time. Often, after one lead singer, everyone raises a glass and sings together, and then everyone cheers together. So many times, the wine is full. Singing is ceremonial, impromptu, one or several people, and chorus, and its singing is often hearty and stays up all night. Hospitality: Mongolian people have the traditional virtue of attaching importance to hospitality, which has been passed down from ancient times to the present. The development of Mongolian traditional music is closely related to the development of the national history and literature. Poetry is accompanied by music, songs contain poetry and poetry coexist. Mongolian folk songs are rich in content, with a wide range of themes and a vast number. They can be divided into Dongmeng folk songs and Simon folk songs by region, and can be divided into long tunes, short tunes, tide days, narrative songs, alcoholic drinks, children's songs, lullabies, religious songs "Bo", dance songs "An Dai" and "Haodu Geqin" according to song types.
Choose hunting dogs: Mongolians have the custom of hunting dogs. Therefore, they attach great importance to choosing a good hunting dog-"Taige", that is, a castrated short-haired fine dog. When choosing and keeping hunting dogs, we should pay attention to good breeds, that is, choose puppies with long waist, long and symmetrical tail, keen hearing, keen vision, quick action and fast running as hunting dogs.
greetings: Mongolians are a hospitable people. Greet each other when meeting, even strangers should say hello; When peers and acquaintances meet, they usually ask "Saibainu". If they meet elders or people who meet for the first time, they should ask "He Saibainu". It is a traditional virtue of Mongolians to entertain passers-by, but you must respect your host when you are a guest in Mongolians' home. After entering the yurt, you should sit cross-legged around the stove on the carpet, but the west of the stove is the owner's residence, and the owner should not sit casually when he is not sitting. Guests usually drink milk tea from the host, and it is impolite not to drink it; The host asks for dairy products, and the guests don't refuse, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it is inconvenient to eat more, eat a little.
Mongolian naming custom
The characteristics of men's naming are as follows:
First, naming names according to national psychological habits, such as Timur, Geser and Bater;
Second, give names according to the expectations of elders, such as: Ji Ya Saiyin (good luck), Bajard (joy), Baiyin (abundance), Jiri Gele (happiness), etc.
Third, name the elders according to their age when the baby was born, such as Binta (5), Jirentai (6), Daleng (7), etc. 4. Named after brave animals, such as Shaobu (bird), Bala (tiger), China (wolf), Aburlang (lion), Burigude (eagle), etc.
5. Give names to natural things, such as Chaolu (stone), Agura (mountain), Mu Ren (river), Tara (Yuan Ye), etc.
The characteristics of women's names are as follows:
First, they are named after bright stars, such as Naren (the sun), Saren (the moon), Aodun (the star), Naren Gao Wa (as beautiful as the sun) and Saren Gao Wa (as beautiful as the moon);
2. Take beautiful flowers and trees as names, such as Sarilang flower (Shandan flower), Qige (flower), Nabuqi (leaf), Begonia, etc. Third, in the name of jewelry and jade, such as Haas (jade), Tana (pearl), alatan Gao Wa (as beautiful as gold), etc.
Fourth, in the name of ideals, such as Siqin (smart), Wuyun (smart), Gao Wa (beautiful) and Gaowa Siqin (beautiful and smart).
According to this method, there are many names of Mongolian women. The biggest feature of modern Mongolian names is that they don't have a name prefix, so they are just names and should not be understood as names. There are very few people who have a surname prefix, which is only an individual phenomenon.
Mongolians should avoid riding fast when riding horses and driving near yurts, so as not to disturb the herds; If there is a fire in front of the door or a sign such as a red cloth strip is hung, it means that there are patients or parturients in this family, and outsiders are forbidden to enter; Guests can't sit on the west kang, because the west is the direction of offering Buddha; Avoid the meat of dead animals and donkey meat, dog meat and white horse meat; Avoid red and white when doing funerals and black and yellow when doing happy events; Avoid baking feet, shoes, socks and pants on the brazier; It is forbidden to smoke, spit and touch utensils, classics, Buddha statues and make loud noises when visiting the temple, and not to hunt near the temple.
Fire taboo: Mongolians worship fire, Vulcan and Kitchen God, and think that fire, Vulcan or Kitchen God are holy things to ward off evil spirits. Therefore, after entering the yurt, it is forbidden to roast feet on the stove, let alone wet boots and shoes by the stove. Do not cross the stove, or pedal the stove, and do not knock a cigarette bag, throw things or throw dirty things on the stove. You can't pick a fire with a knife, insert a knife into the fire, or take meat from the pot with a knife.
Water taboo: Mongolians believe that water is a pure god. Don't wash your hands or bathe in the river, and don't wash women's dirty clothes or throw unclean things into the river. Grassland is dry and short of water, grazing by water plants, and it can't survive without water. Therefore, herders are used to saving water, paying attention to keeping water clean and taking water as the source of life.
Wedding custom
Giving Hada
When young Mongolian men and women get married, they should choose an auspicious day, and the man should give a bride price to the woman's house. The bride price includes cash, clothes, cloth, jewelry, rice and so on. The things that the woman's family marries include cabinets, bedding, clothes, jewelry, electrical appliances, bicycles, rice, melon seeds and so on. The key is kept by the woman's family. When the bride arrives at the man's house, the groom's mother will take money to redeem the key and give it to the bride. On the day before the wedding, the man should send the sheep's back (shuus or uuch) with red paper and wine to the woman's house as a gift and let the woman's house use it to entertain guests. On the wedding day, the groom, accompanied by Lang, came down to the bride's house to greet her, and at the same time, he had to pick some vegetables to send to the bride's house. According to the custom, the groom can't talk during the wedding ceremony, and everything is accompanied by Lang for entertainment and negotiation until the bride is married home. After arriving at the woman's house, the groom was arranged to eat alone, and he could not start work. He could only feed the groom with food. When the people who come from the man pick up the dowry and carry it out, the groom can meet the bride and go out. The bride wears a young woman's hairstyle and wears brand-new clothes from top to bottom and from inside to outside. The dress is Shang Qing and black, and the lace pattern of the dress and the high collar of the coat are similar to those of the Mongols in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A small pendant worn by the bride is kept by a child in the farewell party. The bride was carried into the sedan chair by her uncle and accompanied to the man's house by her younger brother. When the bride gets on the sedan chair, she will cry to show that she can't bear to leave home, and she will cry all the way until she enters the bridal chamber. Before the bride enters the gate of the man's house, she should burn XiShen paper. After entering the gate, she should be advised to stop crying. After entering the bridal chamber, she should remove the bride's red headscarf and give it to the main room. When eating, let the bride eat alone in the bridal chamber, and the groom will add rice for the bride. That night, the girl and the young man came to celebrate, and there was laughter and singing at home. The next day, the newlyweds will go back to the woman's house, and at the same time, they will worship heaven and earth and their ancestors at the woman's house. At the same time, their parents-in-law will give the groom a silver bracelet. On the way back from the woman's house to the man's house, no matter who they meet, the newlyweds have to bow. After returning to the man's home, they will also worship the heavens and the earth and their ancestors. On the third day, I went to the ancestral grave. Accompanied by the girl and the young man, the newlyweds went to the ancestral graves of both men and women with offerings and food such as pig heads. After coming back, the bride lights a fire, the groom carries water, and burns foot washing water for the elders and companions. The wedding is now over. Within 7 days after marriage, the bride can't go back to her parents' home or stay in other places. Historically, Mongolian people have the custom that men can remarry, but the original wife cannot remarry. Now the situation has changed fundamentally. Marriage is voluntary and freedom of divorce has become a new trend, but the divorce rate of Mongolians is very low.