Confucius (September 28, 551 BC (the twenty-seventh day of the eighth lunar month) - April 11, 479 BC (the eleventh day of the second lunar month)), whose courtesy name was Zhongni. The second eldest child is Han nationality and a native of Lu during the Spring and Autumn Period. Confucius is a great thinker and educator in ancient my country, the founder of Confucianism, and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world. Compiled my country's first chronological history book, "Spring and Autumn". According to relevant records, Confucius was born in Changping Township, Zouyi, Lu State (now Luyuan Village, Nanxin Town, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province); when Confucius died, he was 73 years old and was buried on the Surabaya River in the north of Qufu City, where Confucius is today . Confucius' words and deeds are mainly recorded in the Analects of Confucius, a collection of quotation-style prose, and "Historical Records: Confucius' Family" preserved in the pre-Qin and Qin-Han Dynasties. Chinese name: Kongqiu Foreign name: Confucius Alias: Confucius, Zhongni Nationality: Chinese Nationality: Han Birthplace: Changping Township, Zouyi (now Nanxin Town, Qufu City) Date of birth: September 28, 551 BC Date of death: April 11, 479 BC Occupation: Teacher Belief: Confucianism Main achievements: Founding the Confucian school
Compiling the "Spring and Autumn" and revising the "Five Classics"
Establishing a private school, breaking the representative of aristocratic education Works: "Spring and Autumn" Table of Contents [Hide] An introduction to Confucius's political career, spiritual character, indignation and forgetfulness of food, joy in forgetting worries and poverty, joy in Taoism, and tirelessness in teaching others. Happy Confucianism: A good medicine for the world in today's society Confucianism: How to popularize it in China and spread it around the world Family tree Confucius Family tree Confucius family tree Life chronology High-foot disciple Confucius Works Confucius' posthumous name Confucius's height Famous quotes Confucius' diet Confucius Institute Personal influence The book with the same name Cartoon movie of the same name, Confucius cultural tourism pictures, watch online, Tieba photo album, Confucius profile, political career, spiritual character, indignation and forgetting food, happy to forget worries and poverty, happy to learn Taoism, tireless in teaching people, walking on the straight path, political thought, moral governance, advocating the development of modern times by following the good guidance, Confucianism Conference: Friends from afar Come, enjoy Confucianism: a good medicine to help the world in today's society Confucianism: how to popularize it in China and spread it around the world Family tree Family tree of Confucius Family tree Confucius family tree Life chronology Disciples of Confucius Works Confucius' posthumous name Confucius's height Famous quotes Confucius' diet Confucius Institute Personal Influence of the book of the same name, the cartoon of the same name, the movie of the same name, Confucius cultural tourism pictures, online viewing, post bar photo album
[Edit this paragraph] Introduction to Confucius Confucius is like Confucius: Zi's surname is Kong, his given name is Qiu, and his courtesy name is Zhongni. Ranking second is "zi", an ancient honorific for adult men. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, adult men with a certain social status could be called "zi", and they all wanted others to call themselves "zi" because "zi" was still A kind of title, the so-called "Gonghou Bozinan". However, there are generally two types of people who can really win the title of "Tzu" from others: either those with higher credibility in society, such as "teacher"; or those who are more moral aristocrats; Confucius and Laozi belong to the former. Confucius is the greatest politician, thinker, educator, founder of Confucianism in ancient my country, and the most famous literary celebrity in the world. Together with Mencius, they are called "Confucius and Mencius". Confucius is revered as the "Supreme Sage" and Mencius is the "Lesser Sage". According to records, Confucius's ancestors were descendants of the Yin Shang (Chinese tribe), so he was named Zi. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, King Wu of the Zhou Dynasty granted him the title of concubine brother of King Zhou of the Shang Dynasty. Weizi Qi, a famous and loyal official of the Shang Dynasty, came to the Song Dynasty (Xiayi). After the death of Wei Ziqi, his younger brother Wei Zhong came to the throne, and Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. After Kong Fujia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, descendants began to take Kong as their surname. His great-grandfather Kong Fangshu fled from Song to Lu in order to escape the civil strife in Song. Confucius's father, Shu Liang He (the courtesy name is Shu Liang and He is his given name), was a famous warrior in the State of Lu. Uncle Liang He first married Shi Yaoying and gave birth to nine daughters but no son. His concubine gave birth to a son Meng Pi, but he had enough. disease. Under the circumstances at that time, neither women nor disabled sons were suitable heirs. In his later years, Uncle Liang He and the young woman Yan Zheng gave birth to Confucius. Confucius's great thoughts are closely related to Confucius' mother. His mother Yan Zhengzai and his grandfather Yan Xiang had a profound influence on Confucius. Because Confucius's mother went to Niqiu Mountain to pray and then conceived Confucius, and because when Confucius was born, the middle of his head was concave, like Niqiu Mountain, so he named him Qiu, with the courtesy name Zhongni (Bo, Zhong, Shu and Ji are brothers). In the order of seniority among the seniors, "Bo" is the eldest, "Zhong" is the second, "Uncle" is the third, and "Ji" is the youngest.
Confucius was named Zhongni. From the word "Zhong" we can see that he was the second among his brothers. However, if the sisters are also sorted together, the order will be Meng, Zhong, Shu and Ji. Among the brothers and sisters, the eldest ( The eldest brother or eldest sister) is "Meng". Therefore, Confucius was the second eldest child in the family and his given name was Zhongni, but his elder brother's given name was "Mengpi" instead of "Bopi"). When Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang He died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was very poor. Because we were in troubled times, there was no room for the benevolent government advocated by Confucius to be implemented. However, during the three months of governing the state of Lu, the powerful state of Qi also feared Confucius' talents, which shows that Confucius is worthy of the title of an outstanding statesman. Political dissatisfaction caused Confucius to spend a large part of his energy on education. Confucius once served as a military commander in the State of Lu, and later traveled around the country with his disciples. Finally, he returned to the State of Lu and concentrated on teaching. Confucius broke the educational monopoly and pioneered private education. He had as many as 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. Many of the 72 were high-ranking officials in various countries. The Analects of Confucius had a profound influence on later generations. Although he "stated but did not compose", he was already known as "The Sage of Heaven", "The Wooden Duo of Heaven" and "Eternal Saint" during his lifetime. He was one of the most erudite scholars in the society at that time. one. Later generations also respected him as the "Holy Saint" (the saint among saints) and "the teacher of all generations". They believed that he had revised "Poems" and "Books", established "Li" and "Music", and prefaced "The Book of Changes" (called the "Book of Changes"). "Ten Wings, or Yi Zhuan"), wrote "Spring and Autumn". The Analects of Confucius is one of the classic works of the Confucian school, compiled by Confucius's disciples and his disciples. It is mainly in the style of quotations and dialogues, recording the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and embodies Confucius' political opinions, ethical thoughts, moral concepts and educational principles. Together with "The Great Learning", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and "Mencius", it is also known as the "Four Books". The current edition of "The Analects" contains twenty chapters. The language of "The Analects" is concise and concise, and its meaning is profound. Many of its remarks are still regarded as the truth by the world today. American poet and philosopher Emerson believed that "Confucius is the glory of all nations in the world." In 1988, 75 Nobel Prize winners gathered in Paris. After the meeting, they issued a joint declaration, calling on the world that "if humans want to survive in the 21st century, they must look back 2,500 years ago and learn wisdom from Confucius." [ Edit this paragraph] Political career Confucius was extremely smart and eager to learn when he was young. By the time he was twenty, he was very knowledgeable and was praised by people at the time as "erudite and good at etiquette." At the same time, little-known is that Confucius inherited the bravery of his father, uncle Liang He, and was nine feet six inches tall, which is 221.76 centimeters based on the Western Han Dynasty ruler 23.1 centimeters. With extraordinary arm strength, he was far from the image of a frail scholar that some people in later generations thought he was. Moreover, Confucius had an extraordinary capacity for drinking and was said to have never been drunk. But Confucius never took pride in his martial prowess or his ability to drink. Confucius wanted to pursue an official career since he was in his 20s, so he paid great attention to world affairs. He often thought about various issues in governing the country and often expressed some opinions. By the time he was 30, he was already somewhat famous. In the 20th year of Duke Zhao of Lu, Duke Jin of Qi summoned Confucius when he visited Lu and discussed with him the issue of Duke Mu of Qin's dominance. Confucius got acquainted with Duke Jin of Qi. In the 25th year of Duke Zhao of Lu, civil strife broke out in the State of Lu. Duke Zhao of Lu was forced to flee to the State of Qi. Confucius also left the State of Lu. When he arrived in the State of Qi, he was appreciated and treated favorably by Duke Jin of Qi. He even prepared to grant Confucius the fields in the Nixi area, but He was stopped by doctor Yan Ying. In the 27th year of Lu Zhaogong's reign, the officials of Qi wanted to harm Confucius. Confucius heard about it and asked Qi Jinggong for help. Qi Jinggong said, "I am old and can't be used." Confucius had to flee back to Lu in panic. In the State of Lu at that time, the political power was actually in the hands of the officials' retainers, who were called "accompanying ministers in charge of state affairs." Therefore, although Confucius had two opportunities to enter politics, he gave up until the 9th year of Lu Dinggong was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Central Capital. , Confucius was 51 years old at this time. Confucius governed Zhongdu for one year and made outstanding achievements. He was promoted to the rank of Little Sikong, and soon he was promoted to the rank of Great Sikou, taking charge of the affairs of the Prime Minister. In the 12th year of Duke Dinggong of Lu, Confucius tried to weaken the Three Huan (the Jisun family, the Shusun family, and the Mengsun family). Because they were descendants of Lu Huangong's three sons, they were called Sanhuan. At that time, the power of the Lu state was actually controlled. In their hands (and some of Sanhuan's retainers controlled Sanhuan to varying degrees), they took measures to destroy the three capitals (that is, demolishing the castles built by Sanhuan). Later, the action of falling into Sandu was abandoned halfway, and the conflict between Confucius and Sanhuan was also exposed.
In the 13th year of Duke Dinggong of Lu, the State of Qi sent 80 beauties to the State of Lu. The Ji Sun family accepted the female musicians. The monarchs and ministers were obsessed with singing and dancing and ignored the government affairs for many days. Confucius was very disappointed. Soon the State of Lu held a suburban sacrifice. After the sacrifice, they were sent as usual. The meat sacrifices were not given to Confucius when they were given to the officials, which showed that the Ji family did not want to use him anymore. Confucius left the state of Lu as a last resort, went to foreign countries to find a way out, and began a journey around the countries. In this year, Confucius 56 years old. Confucius took his disciples to Wei State first. Wei Linggong began to respect Confucius very much. He gave Confucius a salary of 60,000 yuan according to the salary standard of Lu State, but did not give him any official position or let him participate in political affairs. Confucius lived in Weiguo for about 10 months. Because someone slandered him in front of Wei Linggong, Weilinggong became suspicious of Confucius and sent people to openly monitor Confucius' actions. So Confucius took his disciples to leave Weiguo and planned to go to Chenguo. . When passing by Kuangcheng, he was besieged for 5 days due to a misunderstanding. He fled Kuangcheng and arrived at Pudi, where he encountered a rebellion by the aristocrat Gongshu of the Wei Kingdom and was besieged again. After escaping, Confucius returned to the state of Wei. Duke Linggong of Wei was very happy to hear that Confucius' master and apprentice had returned from Pudi, and went out of the city to greet him personally. After that, Confucius left Weiguo several times and returned to Weiguo several times. On the one hand, this was because Wei Linggong was good and bad to Confucius. On the other hand, Confucius had no place to go after leaving Weiguo, so he had to return. In the 2nd year of Duke Ai of Lu (Confucius was 59 years old), Confucius left Wei and went to Chen through Cao, Song, and Zheng. He lived in Chen for three years. Wu attacked Chen and the war was in chaos. Confucius took his disciples away. People in Chu heard about Confucius. When they arrived at the junction of Chen and Cai, they sent someone to meet Confucius. The officials of Chen and Cai knew that Confucius had objections to what they were doing, and were afraid that Confucius would be re-employed in Chu, which would be detrimental to them, so they sent laborers to besiege Confucius' master and disciples in the middle of the road, without any access to the village. After leaving the store, he ate all the food he had brought and was without food for 7 days. Finally, Zigong found the Chu people. Chu sent troops to meet Confucius, and Confucius' master and disciples were saved from death. When Confucius was 64 years old, he returned to the Kingdom of Wei. When he was 68 years old, with the efforts of his disciple Ran Qiu, he was welcomed back to the Kingdom of Lu, but he was still respected and not used. In the 16th year of Duke Ai of Lu, Confucius was 73 years old. He fell ill and died without recovery. Therefore, Confucius is a great man of his generation.