1. There are six sources
1. It comes from the surname Ying, a descendant of the Gaoyang family of Emperor Zhuanxu. During the Yao period, Gaotao once served as Dali (an official in charge of prisons), and his son Boyi was given the surname Ying. His descendants inherited the position of Dali for three generations. According to the custom at that time, his descendants took the official as their surname and called him "Ying". Richie. There are two ways to say Li's name was changed to Li's. One theory is: During the Shang Dynasty, Li Zheng, a descendant of Gaotao, served as an official in the court. He offended King Zhou of Shang Dynasty because of his direct advice and was executed. When his wife Qihe fled with her son Li Zhen, she ate plums to satisfy her hunger. , was able to survive, so he didn't dare to be reasonable, so he changed his surname to Li. Another theory is: According to the Records of Surnames, there was no Li family before the Zhou Dynasty. Since then, Laozi has been surnamed Li, and his given name is Er. He is a descendant of Li Zhen. Because his ancestors have been Li officials for generations, the two characters Li and Li have ancient pronunciations. Therefore, Li is also the surname. Obviously, the Li family name started from Li Er.
2. Change of surname from another clan. During the Three Kingdoms period, after Zhuge Liang pacified the barbarians, he gave the local ethnic minorities surnames such as Zhao, Zhang, Yang, and Li. The Xianbei family had the compound surname Chi Li. After Chineseization, it was changed to the single surname Li in Chinese characters. It is the Li family of Luoyang.
3. From the change of his surname to Li. According to relevant information, among the founding fathers of the Tang Dynasty, there were 16 generals named Xu (Xu, An, Du, Guo, Ma, Xianyu, etc.) who were given the Li family name from the Tang Dynasty because of their meritorious service.
4. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the Zhao general Wu Anjun was given the surname Li Zuoche, and later he was given the surname Li Ming.
5. In the Northern Wei Dynasty, the surname was changed to Chi Li. After entering the Central Plains with Emperor Xiaowen, the surname was changed to Li. See "Book of Wei Shuguan's Family" and "Tongzhi. Clan Brief"
6. Original surnames among ethnic minorities. . The common surnames of the Korean people in Yanbian are Li.
2. The county number is Wangtang.
1. The number of the hall is "Longxitang", because Li's family name is Wang. It was named after Longxi County.
2. Junwang
Longxi County: This branch of the Li family was established during the Warring States Period, and its founding ancestor was Li Chong, the eldest son of Qin Situ Li Tan.
Zhao County: This branch was established as a county during the Han Dynasty. Its founding ancestor was Li Mu, the second son of Qin Taifu Li Ji.
Dunqiu County: This branch was established during the Western Jin Dynasty. The founder of the Longxi branch of the Li family was Li Zhong, the 1st grandson of Li Guang, a famous general in the Western Han Dynasty.
Zhongshan County: This branch of the Li family was established by Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty, and its founding ancestor was the branch of the Li family in Zhao County. The third name of Li Ji is Li Qi.
Guanghan County: The county was established in the Han Dynasty. The Li family of this branch is after the Li family of Longxi, and its founder is Li Shang (father of Li Guang).
In Chinese history, the surname Li established the most political regimes, which is relatively rare among Chinese surnames. There are more than 60 people named Li who have successively proclaimed themselves emperors and kings, including Dacheng, Xiliang, Liang, Wu, Let’s talk about the Tang Dynasty first, including Wei, Tang, Chu, Later Tang, Southern Tang, Dashu, Xixia, and Dashun. The Tang Dynasty lasted for 290 years and 24 emperors from its establishment in 618 AD to its demise in 907 AD. In the early days, the country was powerful and had a vast territory. At its peak in the second half of the 7th century, its northern boundary reached Lake Baikal and the upper reaches of the Yenisey River, its northwest boundary reached the Caspian Sea, and its northeastern boundary reached the Sea of ??Japan. The Tang Dynasty was a prestige in Chinese history. During the dynasty, foreign barbarians came to pay tribute, and Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was called the "Khan of Heaven"; internally, the government of Zhenguan and Kaiyuan was well-established and the people lived and worked in peace and contentment. /p>
In addition to the Li Tang Dynasty, Li Xian claimed to be the emperor in the early Eastern Han Dynasty and established a political power in Lujiang County. During the Western Jin Dynasty, Li Xiong established the Dacheng Kingdom. Li Zitong was called Emperor of Wu in Yangzhou, Li Mi of Wagang was called Duke of Wei in Luokou, Li Cunxu of the Shatuo tribe founded the Later Tang Dynasty, Li founded the Southern Tang Dynasty, Li Xilie was called the Emperor of Chu in Kaifeng, and in the early Northern Song Dynasty, Li Shun took over Chengdu and was called the King of Shu, and Dangxiang people Li Yuanhao established Xixia, and Li Zicheng established the Dashun regime
1. "Muzi" saved his life and became the surname Li
The surname Li is the most common surname in China. The clan is prosperous and has a large number of people, far ahead of others. It is said that there are about 100 million people with the surname Li today. If all the people with the surname Li in the world stood side by side, they could circle the earth half a circle.
According to historical records, the surname Li was originally. A direct descendant of Emperor Zhuanxu's Gaoyang family. Zhuanxu had a grandson named Gaotao, who became the official of Emperor Yao.
Li Guan, who specializes in prison litigation and inference, is somewhat like contemporary judges. At that time, it was popular to use official positions as surnames, and Gao Tao also took "Li" as his surname.
At the end of the Shang Dynasty, there was a man named Li Zheng, a descendant of Gaotao, who was loyal and remonstrated with King Zhou many times. At that time, King Zhou was tyrannical and unruly, indulged in drinking and sex, and the princes and people resented him. King Zhou was annoyed by Li Zheng's repeated admonitions and killed him. After Li Zheng's wife Qi He heard the news, she fled with her young son Li Zhen. Qihe was originally from the state of Chen (now Huaiyang, Henan Province). He wanted to escape back to his natal family, but was afraid of hurting his family, so he fled to western Henan. When they arrived at the "Ruins of Yihou" in the Yihe River Basin in western Henan (that is, the place where Yihou once lived but has since been abandoned), the mother and son were unbearably hungry and exhausted, and Xiao Lizhen was already dying. It was deserted and there was no way to find food. Fortunately, Qihe found that there were some "muzi" (wild fruits) in the nearby wild trees, so he picked them and ate them, thus saving his life. The mother and son fled to eastern Henan and settled in Ku County (now Luyi, Henan), not far from Huaiyang. In order to express his gratitude to "Muzi" for saving his life, and because Li and Li had the same pronunciation, so that he could avoid being hunted by King Zhou, Zi Lizhen changed his surname to Li. This is the origin of the surname Li.
After the formation of the Li clan, they were mainly divided into two groups, one in Longxi (now Gansu) and the other in Zhaojun (now Hebei). The Li Yuan family in Longxi came from the Li surname. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, it achieved unprecedented development. The surname Li in Zhao County has also become a prominent local family and continues to expand throughout the country, settling in every corner of the country. A large-scale southward migration occurred in 880 AD. Due to the large-scale Huangchao Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty, the Li family moved south on a large scale in search of a safer place.
There are countless people named Li in history. Starting from Li Er (namely Laozi) in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was the general Li Mu in the Warring States Period, the "flying general" Li Guang in the Han Dynasty, and the prince Xima Li Mi in the Jin Dynasty who was famous for his "Chen Qing Biao". There were more in the Tang Dynasty, including the great poet Li Bai, the "ghost talents" Li He, Li Shangyin, the military strategist Li Jing, and the calligrapher Li Yong. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, there were the central master Li and the later master Li Yu; in the Song Dynasty, there were the thinker Li Li and the female poet Li Qingzhao; in the Ming Dynasty, there were the outstanding medical scientist Li Shizhen and the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty Li Zicheng; in the Qing Dynasty, there were the opera theorist Li Yu, the mathematician Li Shanlan, the novelist Li Baojia, and the Westernization School Leader Li Hongzhang, in modern times there are Li Dazhao, one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, the famous geologist Li Siguang, the older generation revolutionaries Li Fuchun and Li Xiannian, the patriot Li Ka-shing, etc. This large number of outstanding representatives with the surname Li not only won honors for the Li family, but also created immortal contributions to the Chinese nation.
2. People named Li
1. Laozi, the founder of Taoism
Laozi, whose surname is Li Ming'er and whose courtesy name is Boyang, was a thinker in the Spring and Autumn Period and the founder of Taoism. Legend has it that he is the author of the book "Laozi".
It is said that Lao Tzu lived during the reign of King Ping of Zhou Dynasty in the early Spring and Autumn Period. It is also said that Confucius once asked him for rituals (Confucius lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period). Then Lao Tzu lived for more than 200 years. Some people say that he cultivated Taoism to maintain his longevity. He has only lived so many years. Later generations followed suit one after another, and seeking immortality became a top priority for many emperors and ministers throughout the dynasties, and Taoism flourished from this. Lao Tzu was also regarded as the leader of the religion and was called "Tai Shang Lao Jun".
The book "Laozi" is the main embodiment of his thoughts. He used "Tao" to explain the evolution of all things in the universe, and put forward the view that "Tao generates one, one generates two, two generates three, and three generates all things", which had a great influence on the development of Chinese philosophy. Many scholars in later generations absorbed his ideas from different perspectives.
2. Li Shimin, a famous emperor of his generation
Li Shimin, also known as Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and the second son of the Tang Emperor Li Yuan, was an accomplished emperor in Chinese history.
Li Shimin followed his father in revolting against the Sui Dynasty in his early years, and made great achievements in the war. He suppressed and subdued separatist forces such as Dou Jiande, Liu Heitao, Xue Rengao, and Wang Shichong. After Li Yuan proclaimed himself emperor, he named Li Shimin "King of Qin". Prince Li Jiancheng was very jealous of him and teamed up with his younger brother Li Yuanji to frame him.
After Li Shimin learned about it, he launched a coup at Xuanwu Gate, killing Li Jiancheng and Li Yuanji, and killing many of their relatives and staff. Afterwards, he forced the great ancestor Li Yuan to hand over the imperial power. This was known as "Xuanwu Gate" in history. changes".
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was good at accepting advice. He had a famous minister named Wei Zheng who often spoke out and gave advice. Even if Taizong was angry, he would not give in.
After Wei Zheng's death, Taizong cried bitterly: "I have lost a mirror!" Taizong appointed talents according to their ability, adopted some enlightened policies and measures that benefited the country and the people, and the economy developed steadily. History says that he ruled The period was the "Government of Zhenguan".
In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (AD 641), Tubo Songtsen Gampo was very envious of the Tang Dynasty culture and sent the prime minister (equivalent to the prime minister) Ludongzan with 5,000 taels of gold and hundreds of treasures. He went to Chang'an to propose to the royal family. For the sake of friendship between the Han and Tibetan people, Emperor Taizong agreed to marry Princess Wencheng to him. After Princess Wencheng entered Tibet, Sino-Tibetan exchanges became frequent, and advanced Han culture was introduced into Tibet, which greatly promoted Tibetan production and cultural development.
3. "Poetic Immortal" Li Bai
Li Bai, also known as Taibai, also known as Qinglian Jushi, was a great poet of the Tang Dynasty.
When he was young, Li Bai showed his talent by reciting poems and composing poems. When he was 25 years old, he went on a long trip and met He Zhizhang in Chang'an, who was the guest of the prince at that time. The two hit it off immediately. He Zhizhang particularly appreciated Li Bai's poems. It is said that when he read "The Road to Shu is Difficult" and "Wuqi Song", he was ecstatic, thinking that such poems could make ghosts and gods weep. He excitedly took off the golden turtle on his belt and asked others to take it out. Go to exchange wine and have a drink with Li Bai. He Zhizhang was very surprised by Li Bai's magnificent poems and elegant and refined brilliance, and jokingly said: "Are you descended from the Taibai Venus to the earth?" Later, some people called Li Bai an "exiled immortal".
Li Bai was addicted to alcohol and did not stick to trivial matters. The poems he wrote when he was intoxicated were particularly brilliant, and he could discuss political affairs with people who had not drunk. His insights were insightful, error-free, and unmatched by others. People at that time called Li Bai the "Drunken Saint".
In the early years of Tianbao, Li Bai was appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, who often asked him to write imperial edicts and imperial edicts. It was October, the weather was cold, and the pen was frozen and unable to write. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the maids to serve beside Li Bai, pick up the pen and blow it through her mouth to defrost it, and then offered it to Li Bai for use, calling it "Beauty's Pen".
4. Li Yu, the emperor’s poet
Li Yu, whose courtesy name was Chongguang, was originally named Congjia, also known as Zhongyin, and also known as Lianfeng Jushi. He was the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and a famous poet. He is known as Empress Li in the world.
Li Yu is not only good at poetry and music, but also has excellent calligraphy. He uses a trembling pen to make twisted shapes when writing, which is very powerful and looks like cold pine and frost bamboo. He is named "Golden Cross Knife". He was good at connoisseurship and disliked Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy of the Tang Dynasty the most. He said that Yan's calligraphy had good writing but no good works.
Li Yu was famous for his poetry, but he got into trouble and died because of his poetry. The Song army defeated the Southern Tang Dynasty and Li Yu was captured. He often sheds tears, and his lyrics and music often reveal strong sentimentality. Once, he wrote "The Poppy": "When will the spring flowers and autumn moon come? How much do you know about the past! The east wind blew again last night in the small building, and the motherland cannot bear to look back in the moonlight. The carved railings and jade masonry should still be there, but the beauty has changed. I wonder if you can have any How sad is it? Just like a river of spring water flowing eastward!" When Song Taizong heard about it, he was furious and poisoned Li Yu to death with poisonous wine.
5. Li Zicheng, King of Chuang
Li Zicheng, whose real name is Hongji, was born in Mizhi, Shaanxi Province and was the leader of the peasant uprising in the late Ming Dynasty.
Li Zicheng was born into a peasant family and worked as a herdsman for landlords in his childhood. Later he joined Gao Yingxiang's uprising army and fought bravely, earning him the title of "Chuang Jiang".
After Gao Yingxiang's death, Li Zicheng was promoted as King Chuang. In 1640, based on the strategy of his general Li Yan, Li Zicheng put forward the slogan of "equal land and no grain" in view of the severe famine in the Central Plains, the majority of Henan's cultivated land occupied by the Ming Dynasty clan nobles, and the vast majority of farmers who were deprived of food and clothing, which won the enthusiastic support of the majority of farmers. Welcomed, the people defected to the rebel army one after another, and the army quickly grew to millions of people. The next year, the rebel army broke through Luoyang, killed King Fu, and used the money from the royal palace and wealthy households to provide relief to the hungry people. The people welcomed Li Zicheng's army by singing songs such as "Welcome King Chuang, but don't pay for the food."
In 1644, Li Zicheng invaded Beijing, and Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Meishan (now Jingshan, Beijing). However, the leader of the rebel army made the mistake of being proud and enjoying himself. General Liu Zongmin took Wu Sangui's concubine Chen Yuanyuan. Wu Sangui was so angry that he led the Qing soldiers into the pass. Under the joint attack of the Qing army and Wu Sangui's army, the rebel army retreated steadily. Li Zicheng was defeated and killed at Jiugong Mountain in Tong County, Hubei.