Everyone knows the names of the following fruits:
apple pineapple Pineapple banana pear Pear peach Peach orange, Orange
Do you know the origin of English names of these fruits?
in addition to "apple", apple also refers to a variety of fruits similar to apples. As early as in Europe, all fruits were called apple.
pine is actually: the apple of the pine. "pine" refers to pineapple (tree) in spoken language, and "Pineapple" means "apple (seed) on pineapple tree".
Peach was introduced into Europe from Persia, and English is called "Persian apple", that is, Persian apple.
Pear means: a flesh pome fruit in English. "pome" is the laudatory name of apple, and pear is the apple-like pulp.
Orange has a more beautiful meaning: "golden apple", that is, "golden apple".
Other English words for fruit are mostly foreign words, such as banana, which originally means "finger", and it is really similar to the shape of this fruit.
origin of fruit
origin: tomato
tomato belongs to eggplant, which is a 1-2-year-old plant, native to the mountains and valleys of the Andes in South America. Taiwan Province was introduced by the Dutch in 1622 for ornamental purposes, and improved varieties were introduced by the Japanese at the end of 19th century. In the past 3 years after the recovery, agricultural improvement farms, Asian vegetable R&D centers and seedling companies have tried their best to cultivate and improve new varieties to meet the needs of consumers in Taiwan Province and expand the export market. It is a kind of fruit and vegetable crop with high economic value and rich business in the world.
----------. Raw food species: its characteristics are thin skin, rich water, moderate sweet and sour taste and delicious.
(1) Spring and summer crops: 1. The big fruits are: Taichung Yashu No.4 and Hualien Yashu No.5.. 2. Small fruits are: Four Seasons Red, Saint and Cherry Tomato.
(2) autumn and winter productions: 1. The big fruits are: four persimmon farmers' friends 31 (or a little red) and Momotaro (red). 2. The small fruits are: Jinxiang, Shijiao No.2, Lianzhu, Shengnv, Zhumi and Shuangxi.
The processed varieties are characterized by thick peel and less moisture, which are suitable for making fruit juice, jam and candied fruit, such as Keguomei 2, Tainan Xuan 3, Nongyou 29 and Shuangxi.
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Taiwan Province mainly produces crops in autumn and winter (from November to April of the following year) and in spring and summer (from May to September). The main producing areas are in central and southern areas, including Tainan, Kaohsiung, Pingtung, Yunlin and Changhua. The high temperature in summer is mainly in the central mountainous areas, mainly in Nantou, Xinyi and Wufeng areas of Hsinchu, and small fruits are mainly produced in Chiayi and Kaohsiung counties. Greenhouse hydroponic tomatoes are sown in early July and planted in mid-August every year. The cultivation tube: automatic control system of tomato water and fertilizer is provided eight times a day for about eight minutes each time. After planting, they bloom and pollinate one month, and they can be harvested in about two months. The harvest period is from mid-October to early July of the following year.
-----------. However, it is best to pick the fruit from the color-changing period to the color-changing period (the top of the fruit changes from light yellow to pink or red, accounting for about 1~3% of the whole fruit).
Small-fruit tomatoes are usually harvested in reddish period (3~6% of the fruits turn pink and red), and the processed fruits must be harvested in full maturity (all fruits are red and ripe for over 9%), but they should not be over-ripe and stale.
-----------. Sugar includes glucose, fructose and sucrose, cellulose includes hemicellulose and cellulase, acids include citric acid and malic acid, minerals include potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, and protein. Therefore, it can prevent hypertension, arteriosclerosis, anemia, liver and gastrointestinal diseases after being eaten raw, and it can be used as a fruit to relieve summer heat, such as low gastric acid secretion and loss of appetite. Eating sugared tomatoes or tomato juice after meals can help digest and supplement the deficiency of gastric acid.
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When selecting tomatoes, we should pay attention to the freshness of the fruit, and the maturity can be measured by the bright color, luster and hardness. In particular, the top of the fruit of the "Dianhong" variety is a little pink, and when the fruit is cut open, the internal pulp is pink, which is also the most popular food for ordinary consumers. The hardness of the fruit can be touched with fingers, and if it is injured or crushed, it will be partially softened or cracked, which will easily turn sour and smelly. Top-grade tomatoes have full fruit, firm and hollow flesh, uniform color and no cracks or spots, moderate maturity and high hardness, such as soft body indicating unhealthy or over-ripe and easy to rot.
Origin: Melon
Melon is an annual vine herb belonging to Cucurbitaceae, which originated in the Middle East and Africa. It was introduced into Europe in the 15th century and developed into a greenhouse melon in the 16th century. Taiwan Province was introduced from the United States and Japan in 46, when it was only planted sporadically. In 6 years, it was actively involved in breeding by the Southern District Agricultural Improvement Farm and Farmers' Seedling Company. Especially, in 1963, Japanese Sunrise was introduced, which was well received by consumers. Since then, the cultivation foundation of Taiwan Province cantaloupe has been laid. Since then, new local varieties in Bay have been promoted and cultivated one after another, including open-field mating with greenhouse system, dense melon type Hami melon (improved variety introduced from Hami, Xinjiang, China), etc., which has become one of the local melon fruits in Taiwan Province with high yield and can be enjoyed all year round.
----------. However, the larger ones can be divided into three categories: netted cantaloupe, smooth-skinned cantaloupe and cantaloupe. Due to the limitation of space, only netted cantaloupe is briefly introduced:
(1) Tainan, also known as "Qiuji", is bred by Tainan Agricultural Improvement Farm, which is more suitable for cultivating green meat in autumn. It is an early-growing variety with high spherical fruit shape, 1.5 kg fruit weight, light milky yellow skin and silk grain.
(2) Autumn honey: Nongyou seedlings are cultivated, with high spherical to oval fruit shape, white meat, early-growing varieties, light yellow-green skin, dense reticulation, stable and juicy meat, and the sugar content can reach 15, which is suitable for autumn cultivation.
(3) Qiuhua No.2: Nongyou seedling, with high ball shape, fruit weight of about 1.4 kg, fine reticulation, golden skin, orange pulp, 13-14 degrees, soft and juicy quality and rich aroma.
(4) Chou-heung: the fruit ball has golden skin, fine and beautiful reticulation, orange flesh, thick flesh, fine and juicy, and the sugar content reaches 13-14 degrees. Suitable for early autumn cultivation.
(5) red honey: the fruit is tall, the peel is orange, the net pattern is thick and uniform, the flesh is orange, the flesh is thick, the quality is soft and juicy, and the sugar degree can reach 13-14 degrees, which is suitable for autumn cultivation.
(6) Ruby: Quanfu seedling is a variety introduced from Japan. Its fruit has a spherical shape similar to that of ruby, but its round shape is relatively stable and beautiful, its flesh is green, rich, delicate and juicy, and its sugar content is as high as 16-18 degrees. It is a popular reticulated melon variety during the Spring Festival.
(7) Sapphire: a variety of Quanfu seedlings introduced from Japan. The fruit ball shape is very similar to that of ruby, but the round shape is stable and beautiful, the flesh is green, rich and juicy, and the sugar content is as high as 16-18 degrees. It is a popular reticulated melon variety during the Spring Festival.
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-----------. If the fruit is not ripe for harvesting, the skin color of the fruit is bluish green, and it tastes hard, crisp and not sweet. If the fruit is harvested too late, the skin color is thick, the fruit pedicle is easy to fall off and it is difficult to package, store and transport, and the pulp is easy to soften and transparent and has the smell of fermented wine.
-----------. Raw food can relieve fever, quench thirst, purify blood, induce diuresis, moisten lung, people who are often physically and mentally tired, impetuous and have bad breath have the effect of clearing heat and relieving impatience, especially drinking a cup of fresh and fresh Hami melon milk juice, which is sweet and refreshing.
----------. The more ripe the fruit surface is, the more fresh it is, especially when the temperature is high in spring and summer, the pedicel is cracked, the fruit is moderately hard and has a sense of weight, without softening or cracking, and the fruit will emit a pump fragrance, with the most reliable quality and delicate, rich, fragrant and delicious flesh. If it rains for several days, the quality of the fruit will be poor and the sweetness will be reduced. Generally, the fruits in cold winter and spring are more mellow and delicious than those in warm summer and autumn.
Origin: Watermelon
Watermelon is an annual vine herb of Cucurbitaceae, which originated near the equator in Africa and likes high temperature climate. It was introduced from Central Asia to Tibet, China in the early 1th century, so it was named "Watermelon". In the 18th century, it was not until the ancestors crossed the sea to reclaim Taiwan that it spread to Taiwan. The early introduced varieties were named as fixed varieties such as Heipi, Haihu and Jiabao melons. After the 196s, Taiwan Province improved its own varieties, and successively introduced large red watermelons such as Hong Niang and Fu Bao, and small yellow watermelons such as Xiaofeng, TeXiaofeng and Jin Lan, and also bred seedless watermelons such as Fengshan No.1 and Miaomiao No.2. Due to the rapid change of varieties, there are many new varieties in the market, and some varieties have entered the markets in Southeast Asia and Chinese mainland.
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(1) watermelon
1. Huabao: early-born, with a long oval shape and a fruit weight of 12-17kg. Its skin is light green with blue reticulation, its skin is hard, its flesh is bright red, its flesh is delicate, its sugar content can be as high as 13-14 degrees, its flesh is refreshing, it is not easy to be hollow, and its seeds are small and brown. It is an improved variety of Fu Bao type.
2. Fu Bao No.2: Fu Bao Watermelon was first created by Nongyou Company. Its fruit shape is oval to oblong, and its fruit weight is about 1-15 kg, and the largest one can reach more than 2 kg. Its skin color is light green with blue tones, its flesh is bright red, and its sugar content is about 1-12 degrees. It is the ancestor of Fu Bao Watermelon, and its seeds are small and light brown.
3. Xinlong: the fruit is oval to long oval, with an average fruit weight of about 9 kg, light green skin with black stripes, bright and eye-catching color and bright red flesh. Generally, the sugar content can reach 12, and the meat is refreshing.
(2) Small watermelon
1. Kurenai Rin: early born, light green skin, thin and tough skin, fruit weight of 2~3 kg, bright red flesh, tender and juicy flesh, sugar content of about 11, dark brown seeds.
2. baoguan: the skin is golden yellow, the flesh is red, the fruit weighs about 2.5 kilograms, and it is sugar.