Selection of raw materials
The silage method is simple and the cost is low. As long as the raw materials of green storage are brought back in a short time, the proper moisture is mastered, crushed, compacted and sealed, and it can be successful without a lot of investment.
There are many raw materials for silage, and all green plants that can be used as feed can be used as raw materials for silage. However, according to the sugar content of raw materials, silage raw materials can be divided into three categories: the first category is raw materials with high sugar content and easy silage, such as corn straw, gramineous grass and sweet potato seedlings. These raw materials are rich in sugar, and there is no need to add other substances with high sugar content when silage. The second category is raw materials with low sugar content but high feed nutritional value, which are not easy to silage, such as alfalfa, sweet clover, astragalus adsurgens, clover, feed soybean and other leguminous plants. This kind of raw materials are mostly high-quality feed, which should be mixed with the first kind of raw materials with high sugar content, such as corn stalk, or by-products with added sugar, such as fresh beet residue and molasses. The third category is low sugar content, low nutrition content and poor palatability. Only by adding raw materials with high sugar content can we prepare medium-quality silage raw materials, such as pumpkin vines and watermelon vines. Timely harvest is an important prerequisite to ensure the nutritional value of green feed. Generally, gramineous grasses are mowed at booting stage, while leguminous grasses are mowed at early flowering stage. Corn with ears is harvested at the wax ripening stage, and corn stalks with ears are harvested immediately after the ear harvest (there are only 1 ~ 2 yellow leaves under the corn stalks).
1, silage raw material
When preparing silage, silage raw materials shall meet the following requirements:
(1), proper amount of carbohydrate: the sugar content in silage raw materials shall not be lower than 1.0~ 1.5%. When using mung bean straw with more protein and less carbohydrate, 5~ 10% carbohydrate-rich feed should be added to ensure the quality of silage.
(2) Appropriate moisture: The moisture content of general silage raw materials should be 65-75%. Raw materials that are coarse and old are not suitable for silage. If silage is needed, water should be added to increase the water content to 78-82%.
(3) Appropriate length: the length of raw materials is generally 3~5 cm. Wet grass preserved in the cellar
2. Silage method
(1), short: according to different raw materials, the short should be 2~ 10 cm.
(2) Filling: the filling speed should be fast. Before irrigation, the cellar bottom should be paved with appropriate thick broken grass, and so should it after irrigation.
(3) Compaction: Compaction is an important link to ensure the quality of silage.
(4) Burying: After being packed in the cellar and compacted, the broken grass will be covered with plastic sheets and then filled with soil.
2. Utilization of silage
Silage can be used after 38~52 days. High-quality silage should be yellow-green, soft and juicy, sour and fragrant, and palatable.
Silage should be used in layers from the leeward side to the other side from top to bottom. Don't open it completely. It is forbidden to dig holes and plant grass to minimize contact with the air. Cover it after taking it to prevent sun, rain and secondary fermentation. Silage taken out in winter should be put in cowshed to prevent freezing, and it should be fed while eating in summer to prevent mildew and deterioration. Moldy and rotten grass can't be fed to livestock. Don't throw it near the cellar after taking it out, but send it to the fertilizer pile in time to make fertilizer.
The dosage of silage should depend on the variety, age, use and quality of silage. Except for high-yield cows, it can generally be used as the only roughage, but care should be taken not to cause diarrhea due to overfeeding. There is a process of gradually storing feed when starting feeding and stopping feeding. The usual feeding amount is 20-30 kg for dairy cows, 0/0-/0/5 kg for service cows, and 5-/0/2 kg for breeding bulls and meat cows. After weaning, growing beef cattle aged 3-6 months can be fed with silage 5- 10 kg, 6- 12 months old10/5 kg, 12- 18 months old 65438+. In addition, hay and concentrate should be given for comprehensive and balanced nutrition.
At present, the origin of silage is concentrated in Shandong and Hebei. Because the silage in Hebei is mainly waxy corn straw, it has the best nutritional value and finished product, and the price is generally 220~230/ ton. Because Gu 'an, Hebei Province is a waxy corn base, the local silage materials are the best.
The stored feed is delicious and easy to digest. A large amount of lactic acid is produced in the process of silage, so it is soft and juicy and has good palatability. All kinds of domestic animals like to eat it, which can stimulate the secretion of digestive glands of domestic animals. Experiments show that green energy storage can improve the utilization rate of digestibility.