Zi Zi was a great educator. He spent most of his life and focused his energy on teaching. He had 3,000 disciples, 72 of whom had outstanding achievements. Confucius gained rich educational and teaching experience in training a large number of students and formed a relatively systematic educational thought. His educational thoughts have many similarities with our current basic education content and teaching methods, and are worthy of our research, study and reference.
1. Teaching content focusing on moral education
Confucius’ educational content is the six arts: etiquette, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics. Including morality, intelligence, body and beauty, with moral education as the main focus. From this we can see that his educational content is consistent with the idea of ??"moral education first, practicality first" that we currently advocate.
Years of school-running experience have verified the importance of moral education. Two thousand five hundred years ago, Confucius believed that education should begin with being a human being. First of all, we must have lofty aspirations; secondly, we must be strict with ourselves and be lenient towards others; thirdly, we must be consistent in our actions and words and deeds; fourthly, we must learn to introspect; fifthly, we must correct our mistakes when we know they are wrong. These principles of being a human being are still the minimum moral principles we should follow as a human being. In addition to teaching students knowledge and skills, each of our teachers must infiltrate moral education into every class. Only in this way can our students become qualified workers.
2. The teaching principle of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude
Confucius had many students, and each of them had different qualifications and temperaments. How to educate these people into talents?
Confucius’ method was to divide students into different subjects and teach students in accordance with their aptitude. The key to teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is to have a deep and comprehensive understanding of students and accurately grasp the characteristics of students in all aspects, and only then can we provide targeted education.
Confucius paid great attention to observing and studying students. The methods he adopted include "listening to his words and observing his actions", "to see what he is doing, to see where he is, and to see where he is. How can a person be useless or thin?" That is, through observation and dialogue with students. Get the full picture. Because of this, Confucius was very familiar with the characteristics and personalities of his students. Therefore, Confucius’ education and teaching can be carried out according to the actual level and personality characteristics of students.
Confucius’ method of teaching students in accordance with their aptitude is still the teaching principle that our basic education should follow. This requires each of our teachers not only to be good at observing and understanding students like Confucius, but also to use as many modern means as possible to grasp the psychological laws and characteristics of students, carry out teaching activities in a more targeted manner, and cultivate each student into a Useful material.
3. Heuristic teaching method
Heuristic education is the most important educational thought of Confucius. In his long-term educational practice, he realized that students must gain broad and profound knowledge. Knowledge must rely on students to think consciously and play their main role, so he concluded the famous conclusion that "If you are not angry and enlightened, if you are not angry and angry, if you do not reflect on three things, you will never recover." That is to say: If a person does not work hard to seek knowledge, I will enlighten him; if a person does not study hard by himself and feels confused and puzzled, I will not guide him to a deeper level.
It is not difficult to see that the spirit of Confucius’s heuristic education is that the initiative in learning must be given to students, with the purpose of developing students’ thinking and enabling them to draw inferences from one example; teachers only play a leading role in educational activities , that is, guiding and inspiring students purposefully.
His heuristic education method is very inspiring for our current basic education. In our classrooms, there are still some teachers who "fill the classroom", leaving students with no room to think and no room for themselves. Time to learn and digest. In the classroom, "subject" becomes "object", and students become containers for passively receiving knowledge. Teachers have completely become the center of teaching activities. This is really against the rules of teaching. We must learn and understand Confucius’s heuristic educational thoughts, pay attention to students’ learning, inspire and induce, and reflect students’ subjectivity like Confucius did.
4. The art of teaching through entertainment
“It is not a pleasure to learn and practice from time to time.
” Pointing out that learning is a happy thing, he regarded the joy of learning as the highest cultivation of scholarship. He was good at cultivating students’ interest in learning, and always skillfully led students into fascinating situations, making them feel overwhelmed. He passed the following Methods to make students interested in learning and willing to learn.
Establishing a good teacher-student relationship and focusing on democratic teaching are the prerequisites for learning. Confucius loved students very much and had a very harmonious relationship with them. He did not put on the airs of a teacher and always discussed issues with students on an equal footing. He was also able to put aside his airs and learn from his students. His teaching attitude was modest, democratic, sincere and friendly, and the teaching atmosphere was Relaxing and enjoyable. The second is positive praise and motivation, which is an important means to make students happy to learn. Confucius is always good at praising and motivating students. Even if he criticizes students, he is always in good faith and never hurts students' self-esteem. In this way, his students always love to learn, are motivated to learn, and never tire of it.