1. Qin Zhuanggong
Qin Xianggong (? - 766 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao surname, unknown name, the second son of Qin Zhuanggong, a prince of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period The first king who was officially listed as a prince, reigned from 778 BC to 766 BC.
In 778 BC, Duke Zhuang of Qin was killed by the Quan Rong. His eldest son, Shifu, led an army to fight against the Quan Rong and gave up his position as king to Qin Xianggong. At that time, Qin was weak and Di Rong was a nearby threat.
When Qin Xianggong first came to the throne, he married his sister Miao Ying to King Feng of the Rong people to divide the Rong people. In 776 BC, Qin Xianggong moved the capital to Qiyi (today's Longxian County, Shaanxi Province) and advanced eastward.
In 771 BC, the Marquis of Shen and Quan Rong attacked Haojing and killed King You of Zhou at the foot of Mount Li. Qin Xianggong rescued Zhou with his troops. King Ping of Zhou moved eastward, and Duke Xianggang of Qin sent troops to escort him, and he granted the title of feudal lord for his merit.
After moving eastward, King Ping of Zhou gave Qin the land west of Qishan that the royal family was unable to control. From then on, Qin began to become a vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, laying the foundation for the future strength of Qin.
In 766 BC, Duke Xianggang of Qin died on the way to conquer Xirong and was buried in his hometown in the west border (Dabaozi Mountain, Li County, Gansu Province). His son Duke Wen of Qin succeeded to the throne.
2. Qin Wengong
Qin Wengong (? - 716 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao, name unknown, son of Qin Xianggong, king of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, BC Reigned from 765 to 716 BC. ?
During the reign of Duke Wen of Qin, he set up historians to record events; defeated the Xirong, incorporated the survivors of the Zhou Dynasty, and expanded the territory to the west of Qi (now east of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province); and formulated a criminal law to punish the three tribes. At that time, the Qin people had completely settled down and engaged in agriculture.
In 716 BC, Duke Wen of Qin passed away. He was posthumously named Wen Gong and was buried in Xishan (in today's Baoji City, Shaanxi Province). After the death of Duke Wen of Qin, his grandson Duke Ning of Qin (Dong Xian of Qin) succeeded to the throne.
3. Qin Xiangong
Qin Xiangong (724 BC - 704 BC), "Historical Records of the Qin Dynasty" mistakenly called Qin Ninggong, surnamed Ying, Zhao surname, unknown name , the grandson of Qin Wengong, the son of Qin Jinggong (first known as Qin Zhuanggong), the king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period, reigning from 715 BC to 704 BC.
Qin Xiangong was succeeded by his grandfather Qin Wengong because his father Qin Jinggong died young. In 716 BC, Duke Wen of Qin passed away and Duke Xian of Qin succeeded to the throne. He lived in Xixinyi and later moved to Pingyang.
In 713 BC, troops were sent to capture Dangshe (one was Tangdu) of Bo Rong (a branch of Xirong). In 708 BC, he captured Rui Bowan, the king of Rui State.
In 704 BC, troops were sent to eliminate the Dang clan of the small country of Xirong. In the same year, Qin Xianggong died at the age of 21 and was buried at Dalu of Xishan Mountain (now the North Cemetery of Baoji City, Shaanxi Province).
4. Qin Chuzi
(708 BC - 698 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao, named Man. The youngest son of Duke Xiang of Qin, he was the king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period. He reigned from 703 BC to 698 BC.
5. Duke Wu of Qin
Gong Wu of Qin (? - 678 BC), surnamed Ying, surname Zhao?, name unknown, eldest son of Duke Xian of Qin (Gong Qin Ning), mother Lu Jizi, the elder brother of Qin Chuzi and Qin Degong, was the king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period and reigned from 697 BC to 678 BC.
Qin Wugong first established the crown prince. After Qin Xiangong died, Fuji and other three concubine chiefs appointed Qin Chuzi as the king of Qin. Later Qin's son was killed by Fu Ji and others, and he was able to ascend the throne. The three clans including Fuji were killed and power was concentrated in the royal family.
When Duke Wu of Qin was in power, he successively conquered and annexed the Mianzhu, Beirong, Jirong, Yiqurong, Zhai and Tapir tribes, and initially established a county system to manage the acquired land. In the year, Qin's power reached the Wei River Basin in Guanzhong.
After Qin Wu Gong died, he was buried in Pingyang, which was the first system of living burials. There were as many as 66 people buried with him. It is said that he is located in the same mother and younger brother Qin Degong.
6. Qin Degong
Qin Degong (710 BC - 676 ??BC), whose surname is Ying, is the Qin family. The genealogy records that his name is Jia, the second son of Qin Xiangong and the descendant of Qin Wugong. Brother, the brother of Qin Chuzi, the king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period, reigned from 677 BC to 676 BC.
In 678 BC, Duke Wu of Qin died. His son, Prince Bai, was granted the title of Pingyang (southwest of Qishan County, Shaanxi Province today) and failed to succeed. His younger brother, Duke De of Qin, succeeded to the throne.
In 677 BC, Qin Degong moved the capital of the Qin State to Yongcheng (today's Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province), and used 300 cattle, sheep and pigs each to sacrifice to heaven and earth in order to predict whether it was suitable to live in Yongcheng. . The result of divination is: descendants will drink horses by the Yellow River. In the same year, the kings of Liang and Rui came to see him.
In 676 BC, the Fuji was first established, and dogs were killed at the four gates of the city to sacrifice to get rid of the heat that spreads diseases.
Qin Degong had three sons, the eldest son Qin Xuangong, the second son Qin Chenggong, and the youngest son Qin Mu Gong. In 676 BC, Duke De of Qin died and was buried in Yang. His eldest son, Duke Xuan of Qin, succeeded him.
7. Qin Xuangong
Qin Xuangong (? - 664 BC), surnamed Ying, Qin family, the genealogy records that his name is Tian, ??the eldest son of Qin Degong, the eldest brother of Qin Chenggong and Qin Mu Gong , the king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period.
Reigned from 675 BC to 664 BC and was buried in Pingyang Cemetery (Dongyang Ping Town, Baoji County, Shaanxi Province). He had nine sons, but he was not yet established. He was passed down to his younger brother Qin Chenggong.
8. Qin Chenggong
Qin Chenggong (? - 660 BC), whose surname is Ying, is Zhao. His name is recorded in the genealogy. He is the second son of Qin Degong and the younger brother of Qin Xuangong. The king of the country reigned from 663 BC to 660 BC.
According to the records of "Historical Records", in the first year of Chengdu, two kings of the old Western Zhou Dynasty, Liang and Rui, came to court. They had seven sons, but none of them were born. His younger brother Ren Hao succeeded to the throne, and he was Duke Mu of Qin. .
9. Duke Mu of Qin
Dong Mu of Qin (? - 621 BC), first known as Duke Mu of Qin, surnamed Ying, surnamed Zhao, named Ren Hao, the youngest son of Duke De of Qin, in the State of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period The monarch reigned for thirty-nine years (659 BC - 621 BC), with the posthumous name Mu. He was recognized as one of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period by "Historical Records Suoyin" and other books.
After Qin Mu Gong succeeded to the throne, he appointed Baili Xi, Jian Shu, and You Yu as advisers. He defeated Jin, captured Jin Hui Gong, and destroyed Liang, Rui, Hua, etc. Duke Mu of Qin once assisted Duke Wen of Jin to return to Jin to seize the throne in order to realize the good of Qin and Jin.
After the death of Duke Wen of Jin, the alliance collapsed and Qin and Jin confronted each other; Duke Mu of Qin originally wanted to advance eastward and complete his hegemony in the Central Plains. Later, he was defeated twice by the Jin army in the Battle of Wei in 627 BC and the Battle of Pengya in 625 BC (now northeast of Baishui, Shaanxi). Three generals were captured. The Qin army was completely annihilated. Qin's path to the east was imprisoned by the Jin. Hold tightly.
Qin Mugong then turned around and headed west. He used a plan to recruit Yu Yu, who had defected from Jin to the Rong people, as a counselor. According to Yu Yu's plan, the Qin State gradually destroyed 12 countries (some say 20) established by the Western Rong people.
The King of Zhou specially congratulated Duke Mu of Qin on his victory over the Rong people and gave him a golden drum, hoping that he would continue to attack the Rong people by beating the drum; Duke Mu of Qin sent troops to attack Shu and other areas in the reign of King Xiang of Zhou Dynasty. The country west of Hangu Pass has opened up more than a thousand miles of territory.
So King Xiang of Zhou appointed him as the uncle of the Western princes, and then he dominated Xirong, laying the foundation for the future unification of China by Qin. He made certain contributions to the development of Qin and the integration of ethnic groups in the ancient west, and was a statesman who made a difference.
In 621 BC, Duke Mu of Qin died and was buried in Yongcheng (now southeast of Fengxiang, Baoji, Shaanxi Province). The number of people buried there reached 177.
10. Duke Kang of Qin
Duke Kang of Qin (? - 609 BC), surnamed Ying, surnamed Zhao, named Feng, was the son of Duke Mu of Qin, and his mother Mu Ji was the sister of Duke Wen of Jin. During this period, the king of the Qin State reigned from 620 BC to 609 BC.
During the reign of Duke Kang of Qin, Qin and Jin had many wars, and Qin gradually declined from the overlord of Xirong during the period of Duke Mu of Qin.
11. Duke *** of Qin
Gong *** of Qin (? - 605 BC), surnamed Ying, surname Qin, named Bia or Dao, "Historical Records" According to "Suoyin", he was named Ba, and in "Zuo Zhuan", he was named Dao. He was the son of Duke Kang of Qin and the king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period. He reigned from 608 BC to 605 BC.
12. Qin Huan Gong
Qin Huan Gong (? - 577 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao surname, Ming Rong (according to "Spring and Autumn Equinox"), Qin ** *Gong’s son. The king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period, reigning from 604 BC to 577 BC.
When Duke Huan of Qin was in power, he was defeated by the coalition of princes in the Battle of Ma Tun.
13. Qin Jinggong
Qin Jinggong (? - 537 BC), surnamed Ying, Qin surname, named Shi, son of Duke Huan of Qin, king of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, 576 BC —Reigned 537 BC.
Qin Jinggong governed Qin for 39 years, pushing Qin's power into the Central Plains. His tomb, Qin Gong No. 1 Tomb, openly adopts emperor burial rites and covers an area of ??5,334 square meters. It was discovered in 1976 in Nanzhang Village, Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province. It is the largest ancient tomb excavated in China so far.
14. Qin Aigong
Qin Aigong (? - 501 BC), "Qin Ji" is Qin Bi Gong, "Historical Records Suoyin" is Qin? Gong, Ying surname , the Qin family, whose name is recorded in the genealogy, was the son of Qin Jinggong, the king of Qin during the Spring and Autumn Period, and reigned for 36 years (536 BC - 501 BC).
In 505 BC, when Wu State captured the capital of Chu State, Shen Baoxu asked Qin for help, but Duke Ai ignored him. Baoxu lingered outside the Qin State Palace gate, crying day and night, and actually cried. Seven days and seven nights.
Qin Aigong said with emotion: "Although Chu has no principles, if there are ministers like this, how can they not exist?" So he gave it "Wu Yi" and sent troops to rescue Chu. He defeated the Wu army and King Helu of Wu withdrew his troops. Return home.
15. Qin Hui Gong
Qin Hui Gong (? - 491 BC), with the surname Ying, Zhao family, the genealogy records that his name is Ning, the son of Qin Yigong, the king of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Reigned for 9 years (500 BC - 491 BC).
16. Qin Daogong
Qin Daogong (? - 477 BC), surnamed Ying, Qin family, his name is recorded in the genealogy, the son of Qin Huigong, Qin State in the Spring and Autumn Period The king reigned for 15 years (from 491 BC to 477 BC, "Historical Records of Qin" and "Chronology of the Twelve Princes" mistakenly stated it as 14 years).
In the fifteenth year of Qin Daogong's reign (477 BC), Qin Daogong passed away and was buried in the west of Qiulijing Cemetery. During the reign of Duke Ao of Qin, he built a city in Yongcheng (south of today's Fengxiang County, Shaanxi Province). After his death, his son Duke Li of Qin succeeded to the throne.
17. Qin Li***gong
Qin Li***gong (? - 443 BC), also known as Qin La Gong Gong, Qin Li Gong Gong, Ying His surname is Qin, his given name is unknown (some say his name is La), and he is the son of Qin Daogong. "Historical Records: The Benji of Qin" writes that Qin assassinated Gonggong, and "Historical Records of Justice" writes that Qin Li Gonggong.
The Spring and Autumn Period - the Warring States Period, the king of Qin, reigned from 476 BC to 443 BC. In 476 BC, troops were sent to attack Wei City.
In 467 BC, Halley’s Comet appeared in the sky, bright and easy to see. In 461 BC, a defensive Haogou was built along the Yellow River, and 20,000 troops were used to attack Dali, Xirong (today's Dali Chaoyi area, Shaanxi Province).
18. Qin Cao Gong
Qin Cao Gong (? - 429 BC), also known as Qin Xiang Gong, Ying surname, Qin family, the genealogy records that his name is Xin, Qin The son of Duke Li, he was the king of Qin during the Warring States Period and reigned from 442 BC to 429 BC.
In the first year of Qin Cao's reign (442 BC), he ascended the throne as Duke of Qin. In the thirteenth year of Qin Cao's reign (430 BC), the Xirong nationality Yiqu launched a large-scale attack on Qin, reaching the Weishui River. Territory, was repulsed by the Qin army. The following year, Duke Cao died, and his younger brother Ying Feng returned from Jin and ascended the throne as Duke Huai.
19. Qin Huaigong
Qin Huaigong (? - 425 BC), surnamed Ying, Qin family, the genealogy records his name, the son of Duke Li of Qin, Duke Cao of Qin His younger brother, the king of Qin during the Warring States Period, reigned for 4 years (428 BC - 425 BC).
When Duke Cao of Qin died, his younger brother was welcomed in from the state of Jin by the concubine chief. He was Duke Huai. At that time, the state affairs were controlled by the old nobles. In the fourth year of Qin Huai Gong (425 BC), Qin Shu Changyi united with other nobles to force Qin Huai Gong to commit suicide. Because Prince Zhao died early, the next year the ministers appointed Duke Huai's grandson as king, who was Duke Linggong of Qin.
20. Qin Linggong
Qin Linggong (? - 415 BC), also known as Qin Su Linggong, surnamed Ying, Qin surname, his name is unknown, one theory Named Su, grandson of Qin Huai Gong, king of Qin during the Warring States Period, reigning from 424 BC to 415 BC.
In 422 BC, the upper border was built in Wuyang (now Wushan, Baoji City, Shaanxi Province) to worship the Yellow Emperor; the lower border was built to worship the Yan Emperor. When Qin Linggong passed away, his legitimate son Shi Xi (later Qin Xiangong) was young, only five years old.
Ling Gong's uncle, Duozi, took over the throne and established himself as the king of the country when his legitimate son was young, that is, Duke Jian of Qin. Shi Xi was exiled to the Longxi Valley.
21. Duke Jiang of Qin
Ying Maozi (428 BC - 400 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao, named Maozi (some people think, "Mouzi" "Not named), son of Qin Huai Gong, brother of Qin Zhaozi, uncle of Qin Linggong, king of Qin during the Warring States Period, reigning from 414 BC to 400 BC.
Qin Jiangong made certain political and economic reforms. He allowed officials and common people to carry swords, breaking the privilege of only nobles being able to carry swords. The policy of levying taxes based on the number of acres of land was recognized. The legitimacy of "private land" was eliminated, indicating that the Qin State began to transform into a feudal system. In 400 BC, Duke Jiang of Qin passed away and his son Duke Hui of Qin succeeded him.
22. Qin Hui Gong
Qin Hui Gong (? - 491 BC), with the surname Ying, Zhao family, the genealogy records that his name is Ning, the son of Qin Yigong, the king of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. Reigned for 9 years (500 BC - 491 BC).
23. Qin Chugong
Qin Chugong (389 or 388 BC - 385 BC), also known as the Young Master of Qin, surnamed Ying, Qin family, genealogy records His name was Chang, the son of Duke Hui of Qin. He was the king of Qin during the Warring States Period and reigned for 2 years (386 BC - 385 BC).
"Shiben" is the young master of Qin, "Lu's Spring and Autumn" is the young master of Qin, and he is also known as Chuzi in history. In 387 B.C., Duke Hui died, and Duke Chu came to the throne at the age of two. His mother presided over the government, using eunuchs and relatives in high positions. In 385 B.C., Zuo Shu Changji launched a coup, killed his son and his mother, and welcomed Duke Lin. The prince Yinglian returned to his country.
From the time of Duke Li of Qin (reigned from 477 BC to 443 BC) to the reign of Duke Chu of Qin, the ministers had exclusive power and changed monarchs several times. The country's government was unstable and the Qin State Decline.
24. Qin Xiangong
Qin Xiangong Ying Shixi (424 BC - 362 BC), the king of Qin during the Warring States Period, surnamed Ying, Qin family, "Shiben" " is the Duke of Qin and Yuan Dynasty, and " Yue Jueshu " is the king of Qin and Yuan Dynasty. . The son of Qin Linggong, he reigned for 23 years (384 BC - 362 BC).
Qin Xiangong went into exile in Wei in his early years. After returning to the country and succeeding to the throne, he carried out reforms in Qin, including abolishing human sacrifice, moving the capital, expanding commercial activities, compiling household registration and promoting the county system, and launched several campaigns to recover Hexi Terrible war.
Although the reforms during Qin Xiangong's period were not thorough, they laid the foundation for Shang Yang's reform during Qin Xiaogong's period.
25. Qin Xiaogong
Qin Xiaogong (December 6, 381 BC - 338 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao, was named King Ping of Qin in "Yue Jueshu" , "Historical Records Suoyin" records the name Quliang. The son of Duke Xiang of Qin, he was the king of Qin during the Warring States Period and reigned from 361 BC to 338 BC.
Qin Xiaogong reused Wei Yang (i.e. Shang Yang) to implement reforms, rewarded farming wars, moved the capital to Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi), established county administration, and opened Qianmo. While strengthening centralization, he also continued to improve agricultural production.
Externally, Qin made peace with Chu, made a treaty with Han, united Qi and Zhao to attack the Wei capital Anyi (now northwest of Xia County, Shanxi), and expanded the territory to the east of Luoshui. Since then, the country has become stronger , which laid the foundation for Qin to unify China.
26. King Huiwen of Qin
King Huiwen of Qin (356 BC - 311 BC), also known as King Hui of Qin, surnamed Ying, Zhao, surnamed Si, Qin Son of Duke Xiao, he was the king of Qin during the Warring States Period and reigned from 337 BC to 311 BC.
When King Huiwen of Qin came to the throne in the 19th year of his reign, he had Wei Yang killed because of the many grievances of the clan. In 325 BC, "Gong" was changed to "King", and the Yuan Dynasty was changed to the first year of Gengyuan, and he became the first king of Qin. During the reign of King Qin Huiwen, he swept Yiqu in the north, pacified Bashu in the west, left Hangu in the east, and Shangyu in the south, laying a solid foundation for Qin to unify China.
27. King Wu of Qin
King Wu of Qin (329 BC - 307 BC), also known as King Wulie of Qin and King Wu of Qin, with a surname of Ying and a famous name, was the son of King Huiwen of Qin. King of Qin during the Warring States Period, reigning from 310 BC to 307 BC.
King Wu of Qin was martial and warlike. During his reign, he put an end to the chaos in Shu, established a prime minister, raised Yiyang, established three rivers, improved farmland laws, revised territorial borders, dredged rivers, built embankments and bridges.
King Wu of Qin was tall and strong and liked to compete with others. The strong men Ren Bi, Wu Huo, Meng Shuo and others became high officials because of this. In the fourth year of King Wu of Qin (307 BC), King Wu competed with Meng Shuo to lift the "Red Cauldron of Dragon Wen". As a result, the cauldron fell out of his hands and broke his tibia. At night, he died of exhaustion at the age of only 23.
28. King Zhaoxiang of Qin
King Zhaoxiang of Qin (325 BC - 251 BC), also known as King Zhao of Qin, surnamed Ying, surname Zhao, named Ze, also known as Ji, The son of King Qin Huiwen.
The half-brother of King Wu of Qin, the king of Qin during the Warring States Period, reigned from 306 BC to 251 BC, and was one of the longest-reigning monarchs in Chinese history.
In his early years, he served as a hostage in the State of Yan. In the fourth year of King Wu of Qin (307 BC), King Wu of Qin passed away. King Zhaoxiang of Qin competed with his younger brothers Gongzi Fu and Gongzi Zhuang for the throne and established the throne. During his reign, Qin continued to expand.
The most famous Battle of Changping, which determined the fate of Qin and Zhao, took place in the late reign of King Qin Zhao. In the early days of King Zhaoxiang of Qin's reign, his mother, the Queen Mother Xuan, was in power, and his maternal relative Wei Ran was the prime minister. It is known in history as "Shao Wang, the Queen Mother Xuan was in charge of autonomous affairs, and Wei Ran was appointed to govern, which made Qin powerful."
Wei Ran recommended Bai Qi as general, and successively defeated the three Jin, Qi, Chu and other countries, and captured Wei's Hedong and Nanyang, Chu's Qianzhong and Chu's capital Ying.
In the 41st year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (266 BC), King Zhao listened to Fan Ju, a native of Wei, and took away the power of Empress Dowager Xuan, Wei Ran and others, worshiped Fan Ju as prime minister, and implemented the strategy of making distant contacts and attacking closely. , and defeated Zhao Jun in Changping.
He has Fan Ju as his subordinates, and Bai Qi as his military commander. In 256 BC, he captured Luoyi, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, destroyed the Zhou Dynasty and the Western Zhou Kingdom, captured King Nan of Zhou, and moved Jiuding to Xianyang, laying one of the foundations for Qin's victory in the unification war.
The Qin State has been fighting for many years. By the late Zhao Dynasty, people's livelihood was in decline, and it was jointly suppressed by the princes, and the results of the war were discarded one by one. In the fifty-sixth year of King Zhaoxiang of Qin (251 BC), King Zhaoxiang passed away at the age of 75.
29. King Xiaowen of Qin
King Xiaowen of Qin (302 BC - November 14, 250 BC), also known as An Guojun, surnamed Ying, surname Zhao, given name Zhu (one style), the king of Qin during the Warring States Period, the 35th king of Qin, the second son of King Qin Zhaoxiang, and the father of King Qin Zhuangxiang. He only reigned for three days, making him the shortest reigning monarch in the history of Qin.
King Qin Xiaowen succeeded to the throne in the tenth month of Qin Zhuanxu's calendar in 250 BC. He died three days later during the mourning period for his father and was buried in Shouling. His son King Qin Zhuangxiang succeeded to the throne.
30. King Zhuangxiang of Qin
King Zhuangxiang of Qin (281 BC - 247 BC), also known as King Zhuang of Qin, surnamed Ying, surname Zhao, whose real name was Yiren, and later changed his name to Chu (One is Zi Chu), the son of King Xiaowen of Qin, the father of Qin Shihuang, and the king of Qin during the Warring States Period.
Zi Chu served as a hostage in Handan of Zhao State in his early years, and later became the king of Qin State with the help of Lu Buwei. King Zhuang Xiang died of illness in Bingwu in May of the third year of his reign (247 BC) at the age of thirty-five.
The Mausoleum of Prince Qinzhuangxiang is located in Hansenzhai Village, Xincheng District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. After his son Qin Shihuang established the Qin Dynasty, he posthumously named King Qin Zhuangxiang the Supreme Emperor.
31. Qin Shihuang
Qin Shihuang (259 BC - 210 BC), surnamed Ying, Zhao, named Zheng, also known as Zhao Zheng, Qin Zheng, or Zulong. The son of King Zhuangxiang of Qin.
A famous politician, strategist, and reformer in Chinese history. He was an iron-fisted political figure who completed the unification of China. He was also the first monarch in China to call himself emperor.
Qin Shihuang was born in Handan (today's Handan), the capital of Zhao State, and spent his youth here. In 247 BC, he became king at the age of 13.
In 238 BC, at the age of 22, the adult coronation ceremony of the king was held in the old capital Yongcheng, and he began to "manage the government affairs personally", getting rid of Lu Buwei, Lao Ai and others, and re-employing Li Si and Wei Liao.
From 230 BC to 221 BC, the six kingdoms of Han, Zhao, Wei, Chu, Yan, and Qi were successively destroyed. At the age of 39, they completed the great cause of unifying China and established a unified central government with the Han nationality as the main body. The Qin Dynasty, a powerful centralized state, established the territory of China's mainland.
Qin Shihuang believed that his contribution was better than that of the previous Three Emperors and Five Emperors. He used the "Emperor" of the Three Emperors and the "Emperor" of the Five Emperors to form the title of "Emperor". He was the first to use the title of "Emperor" in Chinese history. The emperor, so he called himself the "First Emperor".
At the same time, the central government implements the Three Gongs and Nine Ministers to manage national affairs. At the local level, the enfeoffment system was abolished and replaced by the county and county system. At the same time, the books were written in the same text, the carriages were on the same track, and weights and measures were unified. They attacked the Xiongnu in the north, conquered Baiyue in the south, built the Great Wall, built spiritual canals, and connected water systems.
But in the later period, the Qin Dynasty's dream of immortality, harsh governance and cruelty of the people, stifling the people's wisdom, shook the foundation of the Qin Dynasty's rule. In 210 BC, Qin Shihuang died in the sand dunes of Xingtai during his eastward tour.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Monarch of Qin