According to local legend, the Impermanent Ghost is a ghost specially sent by King Yama to capture the souls of the deceased. The purpose of entrusting children to the Impermanent Ghost is to hope tha

According to local legend, the Impermanent Ghost is a ghost specially sent by King Yama to capture the souls of the deceased. The purpose of entrusting children to the Impermanent Ghost is to hope that it will not capture the souls of the children, so as to ensure longevity. In the past, people in the world did not know the name of the Impermanent Ghost, so they mistook it for the surname Hu, hence the title "Hu Qianye". The method of paying homage to Mr. Hu is as follows: the child’s parents first make a brand new white shirt, then bring it to the temple, exchange it for the old clothes on the idol of Mr. Hu, and exchange them with soju, sesame cakes, and incense candles. , silver ingots were offered and burned. Finally, the monks in the temple named Dezhi's son. From then on, every July, the child's parents would take the child to the temple to congratulate Mr. Hu on his birthday until the child reaches 16 years old. In addition to the Han people, some ethnic minorities in my country also have the custom of "worshiping relatives", such as the Tujia people, who are very representative. In addition to sending their children to people with other surnames as "godsons" and "goddaughters", some families also send their children to trees, rocks, wells, pigs, dogs, chickens and other objects, and use them as gifts. Name the child after the object of worship. If it is a boy, it is usually called "Yanbao", "Shuibao", "Zhubao", "Chickenbao", etc.; if it is a girl, it is usually named "Yanmei", "Shuimei", "Goubao" "Sister", "Chicken Sister", etc. Because in the view of the Tujia people, only by sending children to others or things can the disaster stars be eliminated and the children grow up smoothly. However, the ordinary "recognition of godfather" ceremony is completed as long as the child formally kowtows three times to godfather and godmother, and changes his name to godfather and godmother. If the child is young and particularly delicate, the godmother will wear a pair of particularly baggy red trousers, sit on the bed, and someone else will hold the child out of her crotch to show that the child is her biological child. Then the godmother puts a longevity lock on him or her and gives him or her a nickname, which he or she will use to eat with the bowls and chopsticks given by his or her father and godmother. This means that the children will become their children from now on, eat their food, and have nothing to do with their biological parents. From then on, the child can take advantage of the blessings of his godfather and godmother to grow up smoothly and live a long and healthy life. Although the conservation custom of "worshiping relatives" has different manifestations in different regions and different ethnic groups, we can still find some similarities among them, that is: (1) The purpose is the same. In order to make children easy to raise and grow up smoothly; (2) The causes are similar, and both have a strong superstitious color; (3) The emotions are the same, and they are both full of strong human feelings. ■Recognizing one's relatives is a popular folk custom in Shanxi countryside in the old days. Most of the interactions after recognizing relatives are more frequent, and they all imitate the way of communication between relatives, forming a relatively fixed relationship. Although there is no fixed procedure for recognizing a godmother in rural areas, it is generally recognized as a godfather, godmother, godbrother, godsister, etc. The reasons for the formation of the recognition of relatives are roughly as follows. The two families are friends and have a good relationship. In order to make this relationship relatively stable, the method of letting the next generation recognize their relatives is used to deepen the relationship. Such as recognizing adoptive father and adoptive mother. Some are because one party has shown great kindness to the other party's family, and one party wants to repay the other's kindness, so he or she adopts the method of recognizing relatives and becoming adopted children, forming a long-term relationship in a relatively fixed manner, in order to achieve the purpose of repaying the kindness. Purpose. Others, because the child is delicate and afraid of dying in the middle of the journey, adopt the method of recognizing the godfather, godbrother, and godsister to keep the child, so that the child can avoid misfortune and grow up. There are also some families who do this for the sake of becoming rich and noble, so that their children may consider rich people as their godfathers, or they may benefit from it in the future. In some cases, the child is sent to the wet nurse's home for breastfeeding since childhood, thus forming a new relationship between the child and the wet nurse. In the countryside, they are called wet nurse, wet nurse, or wet nurse. In fact, this is also a kind of godly relationship. There are various reasons for recognizing godly relatives, but the emergence of this kind of godly relationship makes the relationship between the two families naturally enter a sequence of kinship interactions. The recognition of relatives can be found in all parts of Shanxi, and it is more common in Yanbei, Xinzhou, Jinzhong and southern Shanxi. According to rural customs, once you recognize your godfather, everything must be done according to the general procedures for rural interactions. Children who recognize their godfather and godmother must follow country etiquette procedures during New Years, festivals, birthdays, and birthdays.As a godson, you have to take care of your godfather and godmother as they age, fulfill your duties as a godson, and provide certain financial support; while your godfather and godmother are responsible for your son’s marriage and childbirth. We must take care of major activities such as building and building houses and provide necessary support and funding. With the development of society, the number of recognized relatives in rural Shanxi has become less and less, but it still exists in the countryside. This is a special kind of kinship that exists in society and has become a aspect of the social relationship network. ■Lagandie "Lagandie" is a primitive way of making friends popular among people in many places in Baoshan. From a folklore perspective, the formation of this custom is related to the backwardness of social production and the difficulties people encounter. At that time, it was related to the "asking for help mentality" of longing for help other than family affection, so it was most common in mountainous villages with sparse population, lack of medical treatment, and simple folk customs. In mountain villages such as Wayao, Wama, and Wafang in Baoshan City, "godfathers" usually have two methods of "pull". One is to identify the target and negotiate a marriage. That is, when the baby in the mountains can run and run, the parents will express their wishes to the acquaintances in the neighboring villages that they like. If the other party agrees, they will choose an auspicious day, kill chickens and cook meat, invite relatives and friends, kowtow, Pick a name and complete the "Send Name" procedure. It is said that after a baby is "adopted" to his godfather, once he changes his surname, he is no longer his own son. Even if there are some small disasters in his "fate", it will be resolved. What is interesting is another method of "pull" - "resign yourself to fate and pull hard". This method of getting married can only be done between the second day of the Lunar New Year and the Lantern Festival. Families who want to "get a godfather" often choose a double day. The man will bring roosters, bacon and other food, and before dawn, he will go to the small bridge and narrow road outside the village and pull a thin white rope across the road where pedestrians must pass. line, and then ambush near it: no matter who passes by this place and breaks the white line, it is recognized as the in-laws, and the ambusher will rush out, bow his hands, and call "in-laws". It is difficult to disobey "God's will". Under normal circumstances, the person who comes has no choice but to comply, otherwise he will be stigmatized. So he buried a pot to make rice and had a picnic on the spot. After eating and drinking, go into the village to "recognize the door" and hold a worship ceremony. If the visitor is a woman, of course she is the "godmother"; if she is an unmarried man or woman, then she is the "godbrother", "godsister", "godbrother", "godsister"; if by chance she meets a cow. Domestic animals such as horses, sheep, dogs, etc. are also "pull" - their owners perform all the procedures and obligations on their behalf. However, the name must be based on the title of the tripwire animal, such as horse, dog, etc. . Whether it is a deliberate choice or destiny, once a godly relationship is formed, the two parties will become as close as one family and take care of each other. They will also visit at the right time during the New Year and holidays, and treat each other with brotherly love. If they get along well, their relationship will last for generations. , became a good story. What's even more amazing is that in some mountain villages in Tengchong County, there is a custom of "pulling" a big tree as a "godfather". Many people have worshiped a certain strange and ancient tree as their "godfather" since childhood. Because their parents believe that the ancient tree has towering roots, deep roots and luxuriant leaves, and a wide range of blessings. Once they become a "godfather", they will be able to protect their children from illness and disaster and live a long life. Particularly devout people should also ask clergy to help calculate whether they are willing to harvest the big tree. If they are willing, they will choose an auspicious day in the zodiac to burn incense, and bow three times and kowtow on the ground to perform the ceremony. People are close to tree trunks.” Finally, you have to give your child a meaningful name. Because this custom has been around for a long time, there are many well-known ancient trees in Tengchong - such as the Leida tree in Xiaoxi, the big oak tree in Daju, the "Double fir" in Heshun, the goose feather tree in Mazhan, and the "King Ginkgo" in Jietou. " and so on, all of them are "under their knees" and have many "godsons" and "goddaughters" who are living or have passed away long ago, and many of them are named Shumao, Shurong, Shushou, Shusheng and Shusheng. Names like "Mei, Shuxiu, Shufang, Shuying" are "evergreen".