Paeonia lactiflora is a perennial herb flower. Its taproot is fleshy, stout, spindle-shaped and long-cylindrical, .6-3.5 cm thick, fawn or grayish purple.
The buds of Paeonia lactiflora are mixed buds, clustered on the root neck, fleshy, water red to light purplish red, yellow and protected by scales. The length and size of buds gradually increase according to the time from pregnancy to germination.
The stems of Paeonia lactiflora are clustered by roots, about 5-11 cm high, herbaceous, cylindrical at the base, angular at the upper end, some twisted, some straight, and mostly purple in the sunny part.
The leaves of Paeonia lactiflora are bipinnately compound leaves, which are 2-24cm long. The leaflets are oval, narrowly oval and needle-shaped. The leaves are long and sharp, and the whole leaves are microwave. The leaves are yellow-green, green and dark green, and the back of the leaves is mostly pink, hairy or hairless.
The flower buds of Paeonia lactiflora have several shapes, such as round peach, flat round peach, flat round peach, pointed round peach, long round peach, pointed peach, crooked pointed peach, long pointed peach and almond. The outer sepals are leaflike, and the inner sepals are 3 (sometimes increased to 7), green or yellowish green, sometimes with yellow-white stripes or purple-red stripes, inverted oval, oval or crooked.
The flowers of Paeonia lactiflora usually bloom alone at the top of the stem or near the axil of the top leaf, but there are also some rare varieties, which are actually two or three flowers, with large flowers and a diameter of 1-2 cm; Original flowers, 5 outer sepals, green, 5-1 petals, white or pink; Most stamens, 4-5 carpels, glabrous; The colors are white, yellow, green, red, purple, purple-black, mixed colors and so on.
The fruit of Paeonia lactiflora, called Zan, is 2-8 free, spindle-shaped, oval-shaped, bottle-shaped, smooth, with small spikes.
the seeds of Paeonia lactiflora are black or dark brown. There are 1-5 capsules each. The seeds are round, oblong or pointed.
Paeonia lactiflora is cold-tolerant, and all northern provinces can overwinter in the open air, and they like cold climate in summer. Planted in a sunny place, it grows vigorously and has many large flowers;
if it is in the shade, it can bloom, but it will not grow well. Paeonia lactiflora requires deep loam and sandy loam. On clay and sandy soil, although it can bloom, its growth is not as good as the former. Saline-alkali land and low-lying land are not suitable for cultivation. Soil drainage must be good, and it grows best in wet and well-drained soil; If the soil is kept moist from autumn to spring and not dried too much, it is especially ideal for growth and flowering.
because of the variety of flower patterns of Paeonia lactiflora, there are many classification methods. At present, the flower classification method of the Department of Landscape Architecture of Beijing Forestry University is mostly adopted.
Paeonia lactiflora can be divided into white, yellow, green, pink, pink blue, red, purplish red, purple, black and multiple varieties according to color. According to the flower pattern, it can be divided into rose type, crown type, thousand-layer terrace type, laurel type, gold ring type, chrysanthemum type, hydrangea type, pavilion type and single petal type.
There are eight species and six varieties of Paeonia lactiflora plants in China, among which Paeonia lactiflora is usually called directly, which is the main original species of modern Paeonia lactiflora varieties. Eight kinds of Paeonia lactiflora are: Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia lactiflora and Paeonia lactiflora.
herbaceous peonies are famous and wild peonies with white, red and purple flowers. Its variety is Paeonia lactiflora.
beautiful peony flowers are red.
peony flowers are white, sometimes with dark purple patches at the base. Its variety is Paeonia pilosa.
Paeonia suffruticosa is white.
The flowers of Paeonia lactiflora are mostly purplish red or pink. Its varieties are Paeonia lactiflora, Paeonia glabra and Paeonia lactiflora.
the flowers of Paeonia lactiflora in Xinjiang are red.
Paeonia suffruticosa is purplish red. Paeonia lactiflora var. tuberosum. Pattern classification characteristics of Paeonia lactiflora
1. Single flower category: Does a flower consist of a single flower?
1.1 Melaleuca subclass: the petals naturally increase centripetally, are arranged neatly, are similar in shape, and gradually decrease from outside to inside; Stamens are only inserted around the ovary, and decrease with the increase of petals until they disappear. The flower is flat. ?
①? Single petal type: Petals with 2-3 rounds, wide, with normal stamens and pistils, usually referring to the original type. ?
②? Lotus type: the petals are 4-5 rounds, wide and similar in shape and size, and the stamens are normal or individual stamen petals are scattered in the stamen group into broken petals, lanceolate petals or whisker petals; Pistil is normal. ?
③? Chrysanthemum type: petals are more than 6 rounds, gradually becoming smaller from outside to inside, stamens are normal, and the number is small; Is the pistil normal, increasing in number or?
decrease. ?
④? Rose-shaped: petals increase extremely, gradually decrease from outside to inside, and stamens all disappear; The pistil is normal, degenerates into smaller or disappears completely. ?
1.2 Louzi subclass: the outer valve is wide, with 2-3 rounds; Stamens are centrifugally valved, and pistils are normal, valved or degenerated. Flower-shaped uplift or towering (except jinrui type). ?
①? Golden core type: the outer petal is wide, with 2 ~ 3 rounds, the stamen anthers are enlarged, the filaments are thickened, and the stamens are bright golden yellow; Pistil is normal. ?
②? Tuogui type: the outer petal is wide, with 2-3 rounds, and the stamens are completely petaled into whisker petals, needle petals or lanceolate petals, which are slightly larger from the outside to the inside and stand upright in the outer petal; The pistil is normal or petal-shaped into a tongue-shaped petal, and the color of the tongue-shaped petal or the color of the petal end is often the primary color of the stigma. ?
③? Golden ring type: the outer petal is wide, with 2-3 rounds, and most of the stamens are petaled, and the petaled petals are towering, but a circle of normal stamens remains between the petaled stamens and the outer petals; The pistil is normal or valved. ?
④? Crown type: the outer valve is wide and flat, with 2-3 rounds, and a small number of whisker-like, needle-like, needle-like or broken valves are generated in the ring next to the outer valve, and the tongue-like or needle-like valves formed by stamens are upright, raised and clustered in the outer valve, with a small number of stamens in the center or degenerated into short ones; The pistil is normal or valved and degenerated. ?
⑤? Hydrangea type: most stamens become tongue-shaped petals, like secondary outer petals, full of flowers in full bloom, shaped like hydrangea, with few or degenerated central stamens; The pistil becomes smaller or degenerates. ?
2. Taige: refers to the phenomenon that the center of a flower (or inflorescence) or the growing point between flowers is differentiated again when a plant blooms. Another flower (upper flower) is formed in the center of the flower (lower flower), and the upper flower and the lower flower overlap, thus increasing the degree of double petals, and some varieties even consist of three or even four flowers. ?
2.1 Melaleuca subclass: the single flower at the base (the lower flower) has the basic characteristics of Melaleuca subclass. Melaleuca terrace type (primary terrace type): the pistil of the lower flower is normal or slightly petaloid; The upper flowers generally have normal pistils and stamens. The whole flower is flat. ?
2.2 Louzi subclass: the petals of the lower flowers are 2-3 rounds, the stamens are petaled, and the pistils are petaled or degenerated. The whole flower is towering. ?
①? Colored petal terrace type: the pistil of the lower flower is petaled, and the stamens are petaled; The pistils of the upper flowers are normal or slightly petaloid. ?
②? Layered terrace type: the pistil of the lower flower becomes the same as the normal petal, and the stamen becomes more petal-shaped than ③? Cone-shaped terrace: the stamens of the lower flowers are as long and wide as normal petals, and the pistils become normal petals; The stamens of the upper flowers are also difficult to distinguish from the normal petals, and the pistils are petaled or degenerated. All flowers are spherical.
There are many varieties of Paeonia lactiflora in China, and double-petal varieties have appeared in the Jin Dynasty. Variety classification began in the Song Dynasty. At that time, there were many records of Paeonia lactiflora, and there were about 3 varieties, such as 31 species recorded in Paeonia lactiflora in Song Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, there were 34 species in Yangzhou Peony Book. There are 39 species of Paeonia lactiflora recorded in Xianfangpu in Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty, "Flower Mirror" recorded 88 kinds. During the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, there were more than 1 varieties of peony in Yangzhou, including "Yang Fei Tu Yan", "Tie Xian Zi", "Guanyin Mian", "Ice Capacity", "Jade and Jade Exchange", "Lianxiang Bai", "Rouge Dianyu" and "Zijin Guan". In the early years of the Republic of China, a private flower garden in Shanghai claimed to have 4 varieties, including most of the varieties contained in "Flower Mirror", as well as new varieties bred by itself and imported varieties, but half of them were not officially named. In today's world, there are about 1 varieties of Paeonia lactiflora.
Paeonia lactiflora has a wide range of uses, and the most important thing is to use it as a perennial flower in the open field. Because it has the characteristics of color, fragrance and rhyme, China's classical gardens are often decorated with peony planted in pieces on trees beside rockeries. Besides ground planting, Paeonia lactiflora can also be potted and used as a material for cut flowers. On the day of flowering, picking a few flowers and putting them in a bottle to raise them in water can add luster to the house.
Normal petals are short; The stamens of the upper flowers are also petaled into short petals, and the pistils are petaled or degenerated. The whole flower has obvious layered structure. ?