Navel orange is an improved citrus variety cultivated in various countries around the world. Today, many high-quality navel oranges are also cultivated in various parts of our country. Navel oranges are rich in nutrients and contain various nutrients necessary for the human body. Navel oranges contain a large amount of vitamin C and beta-carotene, which help inhibit the formation of carcinogens, soften and protect blood vessels, promote blood circulation, help lower cholesterol and blood lipids, reduce the possibility of heart disease, and prevent gallbladder disease.
Navel oranges are different from ordinary sweet oranges and generally have the following characteristics: degenerated stamens, pollen abortion, generally low fruit setting rate, and low yield.
Easy to peel and split, the meat is crispy and tender, and tastes sweet and fragrant.
Poor stress resistance. (The stress resistance of plants refers to certain traits that plants have to resist adverse environments; such as cold resistance, drought resistance, salt resistance, resistance to pests and diseases, etc.)
Due to the large number of flowers, cultivation requirements are higher than ordinary Sweet oranges require more fertilizer and water. "Newhall" navel oranges are native to the United States and are bred from the Chinese navel bud mutation. "Newhall" navel oranges are completely suitable for local climatic conditions and geographical environment. The navel oranges have vigorous growth, short and dense branches, dark green leaves, orange-red fruit color, smooth fruit surface, and oval to oblong fruit. , mostly with a closed navel, the flesh is tender and crisp, the flavor is juicy, and the taste is sweet. The average fruit weight is 300-350 grams, and the large ones can reach more than 750 grams. It is a good gift for relatives and friends, and is favored by consumers in large and medium-sized cities.
The "Newhall" navel orange has a short input-output period. Generally, it can bear fruit in the third year after planting. When an adult fruit tree is more than four years old, the average yield per mu can reach 2,500 to 3,000 kilograms, and its lifespan can be long. Up to 40 to 50 years, its economic benefits are very considerable.
Newhall navel orange is native to the United States and is grown from the buds of Washington navel oranges in Duarte, California. Introduced to China in 1978, it has gradually developed into one of the main varieties due to its beautiful appearance, early maturity and excellent quality. It is grown in the main producing provinces and cities of navel oranges, and is mostly planted in Gannan, Jiangxi, Zigui, Hubei, Fengjie, Chongqing and other places.
Newhall grows vigorously, with an open tree shape and an oblate or round crown. The tree tops are short and dense, the leaves are dark, and the fruit is later than the Bonnar and Robertson navel oranges. The fruit is long oval or short oval, orange-red, beautiful, and the weight of a single fruit is 250-350 grams, and the heaviest ones can reach 750 grams. The fruit shape index is mostly about 1.1. Newhall (No. 2) imported from Spain has slightly longer fruit shape than Newhall (2-8) imported from the United States, and its maturity period is slightly earlier. The top of the fruit is slightly convex, with a umbilicus, mostly closed.
The peel is smooth, 0.42-0.55 cm thick, difficult to peel off, and has a refreshing fragrance. The pulp is tender and crisp, broken into slag, and juicy. It has 9 to 13 valves, which are not very neat and kidney-shaped, and slightly difficult to separate. The juice cells are orange-yellow and arranged neatly. The juice is sweet and sour, rich in flavor, rich in aroma, and of high quality. wait. The edible rate is 73% to 75%, the soluble solids are ≥12%, and the solid-acid ratio is ≥12.5. Vitamin C46.55～64.0mg/100ml. Newhall usually matures in mid-to-late November. It begins to bear fruit in three years and has a high and stable yield after four years. After planting in southern Jiangxi, the general yield per mu can reach 2,000 to 3,000 kilograms.
Because the fruits of this variety are basically the same in shape, oval or oval-shaped, similar to the navel oranges of the American Sunkist Company, and are of high quality and high yield, the market prospects are very promising, and they are the main source of commercial cultivation in China. One of the varieties of navel orange. In 1989, it participated in the national high-quality agricultural product appraisal, and the Newhall sample fruits sent by Zigui, Hubei and Xinfeng, Jiangxi both won the Gold Cup Award for High-Quality Fruit from the Ministry of Agriculture. At the Second National Agricultural Expo held in Beijing in October 1995, the fresh navel orange fruits "Newhall" and "Naivelina" selected by the Agricultural Bureau of Leibo County, Sichuan were both awarded gold medals. In 2008, at the first China Central and Western Specialty Agricultural Products Exhibition, Gannan navel oranges represented by Newhall were selected for their sweet taste, beautiful appearance, high-quality fruit, and excellent performance in seedling breeding, fertilization, fruit storage, etc. It has achieved standardized technology and was highly praised by expert judges. It was unanimously selected to win the "Gold Medal for Best Sellers at the First China Central and Western Specialty Agricultural Products Exhibition". Penna navel orange, also known as Skyscraper navel orange, is a branch variation of Washington navel orange and originates from California, USA. Introduced in China in 1978, it is cultivated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Fujian and Guangxi provinces (cities and districts).
The main characteristics: First, the tree is strong, the crown is medium-large, and the tree shape is similar to Robertson's navel orange. Second, the fruit is larger, with a single fruit weighing about 180 grams, seedless, short oval or inverted cone-shaped spherical shape, with a smooth fruit surface and orange-red color. Third, it is of high quality, with crispy and tender meat, palatable sweet and sour taste, strong flavor, edible rate of more than 75%, juice rate of 50%, soluble solids of 12% to 13%, and sugar content of 8.5 to 9.0 g/100 ml. , the acid content is 0.8-0.9 g/100 ml, and the vitamin C content is 57.2 mg/100 ml. Fourth, the fruits mature in mid-to-late November and are more resistant to storage. Fifth, it has high yield and wide adaptability. Its basic characteristics are similar to Robertson's navel orange, but it has a higher yield than Robertson's navel orange. It starts to bear fruit in the third year, and the average plant yield in four years is 11.8 kg. Pengna navel orange has high quality, early fruiting, high yield and wide adaptability, so it is a popular variety. Origin: Linna navel oranges originate from California, USA, and are most cultivated in Spain. It was introduced to China in 1979 and is cultivated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Fujian, Xinning of Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi and Zhejiang.
Characteristics: First, the tree is weak, short and compact, with an oblate crown, short, thick branches and dense growth.
Second, the fruit is obovate or oval, with a single fruit weight of 170-230 grams, seedless, narrow base, many branches, but easy to break, with short grooves, orange-red fruit surface, and smooth peel.
Third, it is of high quality, with crisp and tender meat, rich and sweet flavor, edible rate of 79% to 80%, juice rate of 51%, soluble solids of 11% to 13%, and sugar content of 8 to 9/ 100 ml, acid content 0.6~0.7 g/100 ml, vitamin C content 48 mg/100 ml.
Fourthly, the fruits mature in mid-to-late November and are more resistant to storage.
The fifth is high yield, with a six-year-old tree yielding 9 to 12 kilograms. Linna navel oranges are of high quality and high yield, and can be grown appropriately in suitable planting sites. Navel oranges from Xinning, Hunan can be stored until June of the next year and still have crisp and tender flesh. Also known as American navel orange, bud orange, seedless orange, and Douglas tangerine. It is native to Brazil, South America, and is mainly produced in the United States, Australia and other countries. It is mostly cultivated in Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, and Jiangxi, China, and is cultivated in small quantities in various southern provinces. Its main characteristics: the crown is semi-circular; the fruit is large, weighing about 180-200 grams, the top of the fruit often protrudes into a cone shape, with a navel, closed or open; the peel is orange-yellow, uneven in thickness, the top of the fruit is thin, and the oil cells are large. , relatively sparse, protruding, kidney-shaped capsules, 10 to 12 valves, large central column, semi-full; the juice cells are crisp and tender, juicy, rich in flavor, sweet and aromatic, soluble solids 11% to 15%, sugar content 8 grams ~12g/100ml, acid content 0.9~1.0g/100ml, high quality, excellent for fresh consumption, seedless. It matures in mid-to-late November and is not very resistant to storage. The navel fruit is large and beautiful, has excellent quality and is relatively cold-resistant. However, due to sterile stamens and very little pollen, flower and fruit drop is severe. Generally the yield is very low. Therefore, we can consider developing in areas with lower temperatures and drier climates, and strengthen cultivation and management, which can still increase yields. The buds of Washington navel orange turn white. The crown of Bahianinha navel orange is round-headed and the tree is strong. The fruit is spherical or oval, slightly smaller than the Washington navel orange. A single fruit weighs 170-180 grams, and the navel is mostly closed. The fruit is orange-red in color, with thin skin, crisp and tender flesh, juicy and of good quality. White Hainingha navel orange is the main navel orange variety grown in Brazil. It has developed rapidly because it is suitable for selling fresh fruits.
The Oberholzer navel orange is a South African strain bred from the nucellar line of Washington navel oranges. It has a round-headed crown, an open tree and spherical fruit. The navel is not obvious, the weight of a single fruit is more than 180 grams, the fruit is orange-yellow in color, the flesh is crisp and tender, the taste is sweet, and the fruit is resistant to storage. It matures in mid-to-late October, has early fruiting and high yield, and is suitable for planting under the climate conditions of high temperature and humidity in summer. Zigui is the famous "Hometown of Chinese Navel Oranges". Zigui navel oranges produced in Qu Yuan's hometown are very popular and loved by consumers for their long history, rich varieties, unique quality and famous brands. Zigui has therefore become the birthplace of citrus culture, a boutique garden of Chinese navel oranges, and an expo garden of citrus varieties.
--Cultivation has a long history. "The Empress has a wonderful tree, and the tangerines are blooming." As early as more than 2,000 years ago, the great patriotic poet and world cultural celebrity Qu Yuan wrote the "Ode to Oranges" to praise Zigui citrus trees as the most precious tree in the world.
--Scaling the base.
The county currently has 12 towns, 135 villages, 603 groups, 50,000 farmers, and more than 140,000 people growing navel oranges. By the end of 2012, the total area of ??Zigui navel oranges had reached 250,000 acres, with an output of 250,000 tons, and the annual comprehensive industrial benefit exceeded 1 billion yuan. There are 7 towns in the county with navel orange area exceeding 10,000 acres and output exceeding 10,000 tons. There are more than 100 navel orange professional villages, of which more than 60 have an annual output of more than 1,000 tons, and there are more than 2,000 citrus farmers with an annual output of more than 10 tons of navel oranges. Guojiaba Town, Guizhou Town, Shuitianba Township, Shazhenxi Town and Lianghekou Town are the concentrated navel orange production areas in our county.
--High-quality varieties. Zigui is located in the Three Gorges Valley of the Yangtze River. It has beautiful scenery, unique climate, suitable soil, fresh air, clean water, rich vegetation, and superior ecological environment. Zigui navel oranges have thin skin, bright color, crispy meat, juicy meat, strong fragrance, sweet and sour taste. Delicious special quality. The soluble solid content of Zigui navel orange is 12-15%. Each 100 ml of juice contains 11-13 grams of sugar, 0.6-0.9 grams of acid, 50-60 mg of vitamin C, and is rich in protein, inorganic salts, crude fiber, calcium, etc. With a variety of nutrients, it is a high-quality fresh citrus fruit and a pure natural health-care fruit suitable for all ages. "Eating Zigui navel oranges will add points to your health." The county has a national-level citrus breeding experimental station, with more than 80 citrus varieties in reserve. The main varieties include Newhall, Lunwan, Red Meat, Frost, Zaohong and other excellent varieties, forming a situation where fresh fruits are on the market in all seasons. Good layout.
--Business industrialization. The county implements the industrial development model of "leading enterprises + professional cooperatives + bases + farmers", which can carry out photoelectric grading packaging and refrigeration of fresh navel orange fruits, and produce navel orange wine, navel orange tea, navel orange jam, navel orange vinegar, pectin, dietary fiber, and essential oils , synephrine and other series of deep processing products. The county has more than 80 professional cooperatives for the production and marketing of navel oranges, more than 40 post-production commercialization processing enterprises, and more than 200 brokers. It has advanced automated production lines and more than 40 sets (sets) of mechanized waxing, grading, and packaging equipment, processing fresh fruits annually. The capacity is more than 200,000 tons. More than 80 direct sales windows have been established in major large and medium-sized cities across the country, and a Zigui navel orange sales office has been established in Dubai. The products are sold to 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and more than 50 large and medium-sized cities across the country, and exported to Russia, Singapore and other countries and Hong Kong and Macao regions.
--Product branding. Zigui navel oranges have won the titles of ministerial excellent products, provincial excellent products and agricultural expo gold medals for many times, and have won more than 60 honors and awards at provincial and above levels. It was awarded the titles of "Hubei Famous Trademark" and "Three Famous Fruits of Hubei Province" by Hubei Province, and was awarded "Chinese Famous Fruit", "China's Famous Brand", "China's Famous Brand Agricultural Products" and "The Most Influential Products in 2011 and 2012" by relevant national departments. "Strengthening China's Agricultural Products Regional Public Brand" and other honors. In 2006, Zigui navel orange was successfully registered as a collective trademark, approved as a protected geographical indication product, and allowed to use the green food label. The special program on Zigui navel oranges was broadcast on CCTV’s prime time program. The Zigui navel orange brand has become a beautiful business card of Zigui and is well-known in China.
During the 12th Five-Year Plan, Zigui will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, seize various development opportunities, actively transform agricultural development methods, and build a complete modern citrus industry system. By 2015, the Zigui navel orange area will reach 300,000 acres (including 100,000 acres of late-maturing navel oranges), the output will be 350,000 tons, and the comprehensive output value will reach 5 billion yuan, making Zigui a "national high-quality navel orange planting demonstration area and the country's largest navel orange Deep processing park, national high-quality late-maturing navel orange demonstration base." Workman navel orange is native to the United States. It is an extremely late-ripening mutant strain selected from Washington navel oranges in Florida, USA. The crown of the tree is round, the tree is medium in strength, the fruit is spherical, and the weight of a single fruit is 180-200 grams. The fruit can be stored on the tree for a long time.
Wackmann navel orange can be used as an ornamental navel orange variety for garden planting and beautification of the environment. There are two reasons why Gannan navel oranges are named: First, due to its unique soil conditions, the navel oranges produced in southern Gansu are large in shape, bright orange red, smooth and beautiful, with an edible rate of 74%, crisp and tender meat, and good flavor. Intensely sweet and aromatic, it contains more than 55% fruit juice, more than 14% soluble solids content, up to 16%, 10.5% to 12% sugar, 0.8% to 0.9% acid, and a solid-to-acid ratio of 15 to 17:1.
Compared with American navel oranges, the soluble solids content is 1 to 2 percentage points higher. Compared with Japanese navel oranges, the soluble solids content is 1 to 3 percentage points higher. Due to its excellent quality, rich flavor and aroma, it is very popular and invisible. Consumers refer to navel oranges produced in southern Gansu as Gannan navel oranges.
Gannan navel oranges are large in shape, bright orange-red, smooth and beautiful, crisp and tender in texture, and rich in sweet and fragrant flavor. They have been highly praised and affirmed by domestic and foreign celebrities, experts and relevant national departments. . Because the majority of farmers have achieved good economic benefits from growing navel oranges, they have found a good way to get rid of poverty and become prosperous. In addition, overseas merchants are optimistic about Gannan navel oranges, which further drives the industry. In order to facilitate sales, enter the big market, and participate in international and domestic market competition, they consciously named local navel oranges "Gannan navel oranges".
Gannan navel orange, a specialty of southern Gansu. Gannan navel oranges are large in shape, bright orange-red, smooth and beautiful, with an edible rate of 85%. The flesh is crisp and tender, crumbling, and has a rich, sweet and fragrant flavor. It contains more than 55% juice. The annual output of navel oranges in southern Gansu reaches one million tons. The place of origin, Ganzhou City, Jiangxi Province, has become the world's largest navel orange planting area, the third largest navel orange production area in the world, and the largest navel orange producing area in the country. Gannan navel orange has been listed as one of the eleven most advantageous agricultural products in the country, a national geographical indication protected product, and has won honorary titles such as "Chinese Famous Fruit".
In 1987, Xinfeng County Pengna navel oranges participated in the national orange and grapefruit competition and won the title of "National Excellent".
In 1989, Xinfeng County Newhall navel oranges won the title of "Excellent Agricultural Products" from the Ministry of Agriculture.
In 2001, Xinfeng County navel oranges won the "Green Food" Class A Award from the China Green Food Development Center.
In 2001, Xunwu County navel oranges obtained the "High Quality Fruit" certificate from the Citrus and Seedling Quality Supervision, Inspection and Testing Center of the Ministry of Agriculture.
In 2002, Anyuan Navel Orange Pollution-free Base Demonstration County officially passed the national acceptance.
On November 24-29, 2000, Wang Xiaobing, deputy director of the Economic and Commercial Affairs Division of the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Professor Sun Zhonghai, director of the Citrus Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University, and Professor Sun Zhonghai of the Citrus Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences After deputy director Deng Lie came to Gannan to inspect the production of navel oranges, he put forward the inspection report "Gannan: China's hope for citrus after joining the WTO".
On November 18, 2001, Liu Xinlu, deputy director of the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, said in his speech at the 2001 Academic Annual Conference of the Chinese Citrus Society held in Ganzhou: "Ganzhou is the most emerging country in China. The citrus (navel orange) base has development potential and hope, and we hope to make Gannan navel orange bigger and stronger and become a world-renowned brand."
In 2001, Deng Xiuxin, vice president of Huazhong Agricultural University and chairman of the Chinese Citrus Society, and Dr. Sun Zhonghai, director of the Citrus Research Institute of Huazhong Agricultural University, came to southern Gansu to inspect the production of navel oranges. They believed that "Ganzhou is the location with the best conditions for the development of navel oranges in China." Well, the most promising area to become a large base for navel oranges.” "Gannan is an emerging citrus (navel orange) production area in China, and it is also the area with the largest navel orange area in China. It can form a base that is comparable to navel oranges in the United States, Spain and other countries."
On November 20, 2001, Chairman Deng Xiuxin of the Chinese Citrus Society, Vice Chairman Chen Ligeng, Peng Jiji, Sun Zhonghai and more than 130 members of the Chinese Citrus Society conducted an in-depth inspection of Xunwu and Anyuan. After visiting major navel orange-producing counties such as Xinfeng and Xinfeng, they unanimously commented that "the hope of China's navel orange lies in southern Gansu" and wrote an inscription "The hope of China's navel orange" to Ganzhou in the name of the Chinese Citrus Society.
On March 22, 2002, at the national citrus and apple planning meeting held by the Planting Industry Management Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, the navel orange producing areas in southern Jiangxi and the citrus producing areas in the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River were listed as national advantageous industries. Development planning of advantageous areas.
On February 12, 2003, the Ministry of Agriculture officially released the "Regional Layout Plan for Advantageous Agricultural Products (2003-2007)", which listed southern Gansu as the dominant industrial zone in southern Jiangxi, southern Hunan and northern Guangxi. It will become an important area in China. fresh navel orange production base.
From November 21st to 22nd, 2009, the first China (Ganzhou) International Navel Orange Festival and the first China (Ganzhou) New Rural Television Art Festival were held in Ganzhou City. This event is jointly sponsored by the China Television Artists Association, the Jiangxi Provincial Department of Agriculture, the Jiangxi Provincial Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the Ganzhou Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Ganzhou Municipal People's Government.
On November 28, 2012, the 4th Ganzhou International Navel Orange Festival opened at the Golden Plaza in Ganzhou City. The scale of this navel orange festival exceeded the previous ones. The main venue is at the Municipal Sports Center.
Pingyuan Ci Orange
Pingyuan Ci Orange is the best among Pingyuan navel oranges. 1600 years ago, Cheng Min, the humanistic ancestor of the Hakkas and one of the outstanding representatives of the Hakka sages in the world, traveled thousands of miles from the Central Plains to Pingyuan to take root in the official residence of Batou in order to avoid war. He actively spread the Central Plains culture, taught advanced farming techniques, and took the lead in establishing Public welfare, transforming mountains and rivers, educating villages and changing customs. Because of his virtues, Emperor Xiao Daocheng of the Southern Qi Dynasty admired him, so Xiao Daocheng named the county where he was located "Chengxiang County"; the reason why "Cicheng" was named was in the hope of combining the excellent quality of Pingyuan Cicheng with Pingyuan's The combination of "virtue" culture and "harmony" culture allows tasters to feel the meaning of "kindness" such as love, care and health while sharing the sweetness of Cicheng. From navel oranges to loving-kindness oranges, although there is only one word difference, it contains the charisma that can cause a huge change in the market position: the humanistic factors attached to the product - love and family affection, have created a cultural gap in the market, which makes " "Ci Cheng" has added special weight to stand out in the market competition.
In order to create the best navel oranges, Pingyuan County will select 10,000 acres of high-quality navel oranges in Chagan, Renju, Bachi, Shangju, Dazhe and other places as the first batch of "Pingyuan Ci Oranges" "Demonstration base, cultivated and managed according to organic high-quality fruit standards. After harvesting at the end of 2012, they will be selected and unified under the name "Pingyuan Ci Orange" to be officially launched on the market. The supplier of Pingyuan Ci Orange is Meizhou Nantai Fruit Co., Ltd. , Feilong Fruit Industry, Jiuxiang Fruit Industry, etc.
After years of development, the planting scale of Pingyuan navel oranges has reached 100,000 acres, with a total output of nearly 70,000 tons. Pingyuan navel oranges are sold to Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Shanghai and other major cities across the country, and exported to Singapore, Malaysia and other countries, and have also become the designated navel orange supplier for many large supermarkets. In order to expand the external influence of Pingyuan navel oranges, especially to form a misaligned development with the surrounding Gannan navel oranges, and strive to create new competitive advantages, the county has vigorously developed refined and efficient agriculture in accordance with the requirements put forward by the first session of the Sixth Municipal People's Congress, and will start from consumers. Starting from the demand for food safety, every link from base construction, planting management, procurement and storage, processing, packaging, transportation and sales is strictly implemented in accordance with the national green food production standards to create an organic charity based on green, healthy and safe standards. Orange strives to win with quality, take the road of high-end agricultural products, and turn oranges without a concept of health into "oranges with health."
According to relevant departments, Pingyuan County has formulated standards for planting oranges, incorporating pre-production, mid-production and post-production links into standardized management, including base construction, planting management, procurement and storage, processing, packaging and transportation. , every aspect of sales is strictly implemented in accordance with the national green food production standards. In the future, relevant county departments will speed up the registration of the "Pingyuan Cicheng" trademark, which will be provided free of charge to orchards and enterprises that produce according to standards and meet the quality standards after testing by the agricultural department.