▲The origin of the surname Zhang
At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a Mongolian general named Boyan Timur who was born in Jinshan behind the mountains (today's Altai Mountains, some say Daxinganling). He fought bravely and led his troops to defeat the peasant uprisings many times. But in a battle, he was defeated by Zhu Yuanzhang, so he surrendered to the Ming Dynasty. Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty admired his martial prowess and gave him the surname Zhang. His descendants have been serving in the army, and their great-great-grandson Zhang Sheng has been promoted to the governor of the capital and entered the core leadership of the highest central military organization in the Ming Dynasty. Another example is the Tatar Haradun (the Ming Dynasty's name for the Mongolians in the eastern Mongolian region). They were brave and good at fighting. They were given the surname Zhang by Zhu Di, the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and changed his name to Longshan. In October of the seventh year of Yongle (1408), Zhang Longshan was appointed governor of the Right Army in Beijing and became a core member of the central military leadership group. Another Tatar slave was a famous northern frontier guard in the Ming Dynasty. He had repeatedly made military exploits. In recognition of his bravery, Emperor Xianzong Zhu Jiancheng gave him the surname Zhang and changed his name to You. In August of the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), Zhang You was appointed as the commander of Jinwu Guards.
In the first dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, there was a Jurchen (the ancestor of the Manchu people) named Jiu Bu. He was very happy and gave his surname to Zhang and changed his name to Zhiyi. In the eighth year of Yongle (1410), Zhang Zhiyi was appointed as the commander of the Jianzhou Guard, and his administrative seat was Dongdachengzi, Dongning County, Heilongjiang Province. Four years later, the administration moved to the Hunjiang River Basin across Jilin and Liaoning provinces.
The Zhang family in Qianying Township, Xiuyan County today, was originally the Zhiliangkuang family of the Mongolian ethnic group. The surname was changed to Zhang in the Qing Dynasty. Its ancestor was Mazartai of the Yuan Dynasty. He successively served as the three emperors Wuzong, Wenzong and Huizong. He once served as the commander of the camp, Pingzhang of Shaanxi-Gansu, Huguang and other provinces. He also knew the affairs of the Privy Council and became the right prime minister of Zhongshu. The second generation ancestor also served as the right prime minister of Zhongshu. After the fall of the Yuan Dynasty, their descendants lived in Magale and Humila in Changbai Mountain. Most of them were engaged in animal husbandry, and some were engaged in business in the Batang area. In the 11th century, when Jiying conferred virtues, the Aixinjueluo family was rising in the Northeast, so he abandoned herding and joined the army, becoming a brave general under Nurhachi's account, belonging to the Xianghuang Banner. After the Qing Dynasty invaded Guan and established a unified political power, the Zhiliang Kuang family moved to Shengjing (Shenyang). The 13th generation ancestor was named Berg. He was proficient in Chinese, familiar with Han books, and was both civil and military. In the sixth year of Qianlong's reign (1741), he was transferred to Xiuyan Defense Envoy. Because he loved the beautiful mountains and rivers of the area, he served his mother Tong and settled down with his younger brother Wu Lingji. The two brothers multiplied here and their descendants all changed their surname to Zhang.
In the early years of the Tang Dynasty, among the nearly 100 Baiman tribes in the Erhai area of ??Yunnan, there was a tribe named Zhang who was said to have moved from Longxi. The leader of this tribe in the mid-7th century AD was named Zhang Jinqiu. At this time, Mengshelong of the Wuman tribe and his son Longduluo (also known as Xinuluo and Xinuoluo) began to expand their power and establish the Nanzhao regime. In the 770s of the 7th century, Sinolo's forces advanced to the Erhai area. According to literature records, Zhang Jinqiu "ceded" his tribal power to Xinuoluo because he could not withstand Nanzhao's offensive. Xinuoluo, in order to reward Zhang, gave his eldest son Luo Bohai to his family. , changed his surname to Zhang, and changed his name to Zhang Chaofeng (Xia Zhengyin's "Biography of Ailao Yixiong"). This barbarian Zhang family later evolved into a part of the Yi ethnic group. Among the people's uprising of various ethnic groups in Yunnan led by Du Wenxiu in the late Qing Dynasty, there was a Yi general named Zhang Xinggui. History said that he was after Xi Nuoluo, the king of Nanzhao. His ancestor was probably Luo Bohai (namely Zhang Chaofeng), a Wuman who changed his surname to Zhang. ).
The Xiongnu is an ancient nation that lived in northern my country in ancient times. It was mainly active in the Qin, Han, Wei, and Jin dynasties. There are 19 tribes in it, among which only a few tribes such as the Tu various tribes are qualified to become the highest. The ruler, Chanyu, was a nobleman of the Huns. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Xiongnu split into northern and southern parts, and the northern Xiongnu surrendered to the Han Dynasty. During the Cao Wei period of the Three Kingdoms, Xihe County was established in Fenyang, Shanxi today, and the left tribe of the Southern Xiongnu was settled, that is, the Xiongnu tribe slaughtered various tribes. Historically, they were called Xihehu or Tugehu. From the literature, we can see many records of "Slaughter of Hu Zhang XX" and "Xihe Hu Zhang XX". These are the Xiongnu Zhang family. For example, "Book of Jin·Fu Jian Zai Ji" says: "Zhang Yi gathered thousands of people to massacre various people, claiming to be a great humble son, and sent Deng Qiang to bring him to peace.
"Book of Wei Taizong Ji" says: "In June of the first year of Shenrui, Hu, Zhang Wenxing and others led the massacre of more than 7,000 family members of the refugees. "Book of Wei Taizong Ji": "In March of the first year of Tianxing, Hu Zhangxian and others in Xihe led the camp headquarters to attach. "The Jie tribe is a branch of the ancient Xiongnu tribe. They come from the Qiangqu tribe of the Xiongnu and live in the southeastern area of ??present-day Shanxi Province. They were mainly active in the Wei and Jin dynasties of our country. During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Shi Le was the main one who established the Later Zhao regime ( 319-351). There are many people with the surname Zhang in the Jie tribe, and there are many records in historical documents. For example, "Book of Jin Shi Le Zai Ji" says: "The Hu tribe's leaders Zhang Xundu, Feng Motu and others supported thousands of people, and they were walled in Shangdang. , follow it. "Sixteen Kingdoms: Later Zhao Lu" states: "Zhang Ji, named Wenbo, was from the Qiangqu tribe. "There are many people with the surname Zhang in Later Zhao. When Shi Le raised his army, there were two knights named Zhang Chopu and Zhang Yue among the eighteen knights. When Shi Le established himself as the king of Later Zhao, he appointed Zhang Li and Zhang Liang as his disciples and chief disciples, and Si Dian Hu people It is said that when Shi Hu was the king of Later Zhao, Li and Liang were both ministers, and Zhang Qun, Zhang Jie, Zhang San, Zhang Mao, Zhang Si, Zhang Quzhi, Zhang Yi, Zhang Ju, Zhang Chong, Zhang Hedu, Zhang Shen, etc. are all high-ranking officials of the Later Zhao Dynasty. Mr. Yao Weiyuan made some remarks about the above-mentioned Zhang family in the eighth edition of "The Examination of Hu Surnames in the Northern Dynasties". After research, he came to the conclusion that they were the Zhang family of the Jie family. He believed that the Zhang family of the Jie family was a homophony of "Qiangqu" (Kangju). From this, the Zhang family of the Jie family was the name of the family. The Bohai people made a significant contribution to the establishment of the Hou Zhao regime.
The Bohai people are an ancient ethnic group that lived in Northeast my country (including the former Soviet Union and part of Korea). During the Liao and Jin Dynasties, there was a group whose surname was changed from Gao. The Zhang clan of the Bohai clan has been introduced earlier by Sui Kuang. In the previous Bohai period (720-962), there was also a Zhang clan of the Bohai clan, such as general Zhang Wenlin and minister Zhang Xianshou. , there are more than 20 high-ranking officials in the country, they are the nobles of Bohai Kingdom, but the reason why this Bohai Zhang family is named Zhang is not very clear.