Date of birth: 768-824
Celebrity title: writer and philosopher
Celebrity country: China
Related introduction:
Han Yu (768-824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Return the word. He Yang, Henan Province (now Meng County, Henan Province). The county looks at Changli and is known as Han Changli in the world.
in his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He lost his father at the age of 3 and was raised by his brother and sister-in-law.
in the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), Dezong was promoted to the rank of Jinshi, and later served as a supervisor of the imperial history and Yangshan order. Xianzong acceded to the throne and was a doctor of the country. Later, he went through the official to the right bastard of the prince. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (817), he conquered Huaixi Wu Yuanji rebellion from Pei Du and was promoted to assistant minister of punishments. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819), Xian Zong welcomed the Buddha's bones into Da-nei, and he remonstrated with them, so he was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon he returned to the DPRK, where he served as an official, son of the state, and assistant minister of the official department. After his death in Chang 'an, Han Yu advocated strengthening reunification politically and opposed the separatist regime in the buffer region. Ideologically, he respected Confucianism and rejected Buddhism, and claimed to be the successor of Confucius and Mencius. He opposed the formalistic parallel style of writing since the Six Dynasties, vigorously advocated ancient prose, and led the ancient prose movement in the middle Tang Dynasty with Liu Zongyuan.
Han Yu was a famous essayist in the Tang Dynasty. Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature" ("Chaozhou Hanwengong Temple Monument"). Han Yu's argumentative essays are extensive in content and eclectic in genre, such as The Original Road, On the Table of Buddha's Bones, Teacher's Notes, and Jin Xue Jie, which are novel in conception, distinctive in viewpoint, bold and frank, and strong in fighting. His epitaph, Han Yuzhi, creatively applied the biographical techniques of Zuo Zhuan and Shi Ji to the epitaph, and created a large number of vivid characters, which added luster to this always boring style of epitaph, and some of his works have become excellent biographical literature, such as Epitaph of Liu Zihou. The preface to seeing off Meng Dongye and the preface to seeing off Dong Shaonan are various in techniques, which makes the preface develop into a literary and practical style. "Answer to Cui Lizhi's Book" and other books were opened, because people made statements, and they were sincere. Korean is bold and unrestrained, while Wang Yang is wanton, "Like the Yangtze River, it flows like a mighty river" (Su Xun's Book on Ouyang Neihan). Deep in conception, skillful in conception, concise in language and creative. His poems are also unique, innovative, long and ancient, adopting the style of prose and prose, full of momentum, full of talent and strange imagination, forming an extraordinary and magnificent unique style, creating an important school after Li and Du Fu, and correcting the mediocre poetic style since Dali. His representative works include "Rocks" and "on the festival of the moon to sub-official zhang". The Seven Laws "Moving Left to Languan to Show My Grandnephew Xiang" and the Seven Unique Works "Teaching Assistant Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water Resources in Early Spring" are also well-known masterpieces. However, he pursues novelty too much, which inevitably leads to danger and strangeness, and emphasizes "taking prose as poetry", which inevitably turns poetry into "rhyming literature". The Collection of Mr. Changli compiled by Li Han, a master, has been handed down from generation to generation. There are 4 volumes of Collected Works of Mr. Changli from 5 Zhuyin Dialectics compiled by Zhong Ju in Song and Wei Dynasties, and 1 volumes of Waiji are relatively perfect. Fang Shiju's Annotation on the Chronology of Han Changli's Poems and Qian Zhonglian's Annotation on the Chronology of Han Changli's Poems are better. See the new and old biographies of Tang Shu for deeds.
a brief introduction to Han Yu
Han Yu (768 ~ 824) was a writer and philosopher in the Tang Dynasty. Return the word. He Yang, Henan Province (now Meng County) was born in Changli, whose ancestral home was called Han Changli, and served as assistant minister of official department in his later years, also known as Han Official Department. Posthumous title's "Wen", also known as Han Wengong, was a descendant of the nobles in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and his father Zhong Qing was a small bureaucrat. Han Yu lost his father at the age of 3. Raised by my brother Han Hui. Later, he was demoted to Guangdong with the Korean Association. After my brother died, I returned to Heyang with my sister-in-law Zheng. Later moved to Xuancheng. At the age of 7, he studied, and at the age of 13, he was literate. He studied from the disciples of Duguji and Liang Su. < P > At the age of 2, he went to Chang 'an to take the Jinshi test, and he failed three times. At the age of 25, he was admitted to the Imperial Academy, and after three trials, he was not selected. He went to Bianzhou Dongjin and Xuzhou Zhangjianfeng to serve as shogunate, and then went to the capital to be a doctor. At the age of 36, he was appointed as the censor, and was demoted to Yangshan order because he wrote a letter about the drought and hunger, asking for tax relief for corvees, accusing the government of failure. Shunzong acceded to the throne and used Wang Shuwen Group to carry out political reform, but he held an opposition position. Xian zong acceded to the throne, was pardoned and returned to the north, and became a doctor of Guozi. He changed the Henan order, moved to the post of Yuanwailang, and went through the official to the right bastard of the prince. Because of the confrontation with eunuchs and powers, the official has always been frustrated. At the age of 5, he conquered the rebellion of Huaixi Wu Yuanji from Pei Du, served as a marching Sima, and carried out the idea of strengthening centralization and opposing the separatist regime in the buffer regions. After Huai Xiping was appointed, he was promoted to assistant minister of punishments. He rejected Buddhism all his life. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (819), Xian Zong welcomed Buddha's bones into Da-nei, and he tried his best to remonstrate, so he was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou. Move to Yuanzhou. Soon after returning to the DPRK, Li Guanguozi offered wine, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the official department, Jing Zhaoyin and other prominent positions. When he was an assistant minister of the Ministry of War, Wang Ting, a town, made a rebellion. He went to Xuanfu and succeeded. In this last stage, there was more political success. Throughout his life, Han Yu has made great achievements in politics and literature, and the main achievement is literature. He opposed parallel prose since Wei and Jin Dynasties, advocated ancient prose, and fought fiercely for a long time. Thanks to the advocacy of Liu Zongyuan and others, the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty was finally formed, which opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang and Song Dynasties. His poems have original achievements, which have an important influence on the development of Song poetry. Han Yu's collection was compiled by his disciple Li Han, and the other collection was compiled by Song people. Among the existing ancient Korean collections, The Collected Works of Mr. Changli and The Collected Works of 5 Yinbian Edited by Wei Huaizhong of Southern Song Qingyuan are the best, which preserve many old notes of Song people that have been lost, and now there are photocopies. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, Liao Ying Zhongshi □ Tangben's Collected Works of Mr. Changli, Collected Works of Waiji and Legacy was the most popular edition after being reprinted by Xu's Dongya Hall in the Ming Dynasty. It was made by completely recording Zhu Xi's Textual Research and excerpting 5 annotations. Liao's original engraving has a photocopy today. In the Qing Dynasty, there were two kinds of single-line notes on poetry: Gu Sili's Notes on Mr. Changli's Poetry and Fang Shiju's Notes on the Chronology of Han Changli's Poetry. Qian Zhonglian's Collection and Interpretation of Han Changli's Poems in the Year is a collection of notes in another year. In the Song Dynasty, there were Fang Yiqing's Han Ji Ju Zheng and Zhu Xi's Han Wen Kao Yi, while in the Qing Dynasty, there were Chen Jingyun's Han Ji Dian Kan, Wang Yuanqi's Reading Han Ji Yi, Shen Qinhan's Han Ji Bu Zhu and Fang Cheng □' Han Ji Jian Zheng', and there were Xu Zhen's Han Ji Annotation. Han Yu's life story can be found in Huangfu □' s Epitaph of Mr. Han Changli, Han Wengong Tombstone and Li Ao's Han Gongxing, which are the most original materials. Zhu Xi also has detailed notes on the new and old versions of Tang Shu. There are several kinds of chronologies and chronologies, among which Song Hongxingzu's Annals of Han Zi is the most detailed. Fang Qin-qing's "An Examination of Chronology" is engraved after all the articles in Hongpu. Research works, such as Wang Mingsheng's Compilation of Moths, Zheng Zhen's Collection of Nest Classics and Nests, and Yu □' Miscellaneous Compilation of Yulou', are of academic value. The relevant parts of Zhao Yi's Poems in Oubei, Fang Dongshu's Zhaomei Zhanyan and Lin Shu's Research Method of Han Liuwen are representative works of poetry criticism. The most famous single paper is On Han Yu by Chen Yinque, a close friend.
Introduction to Han Yu
Han Yu (768-824) was born in Heyang (now Mengzhou, Henan Province). His ancestral home was Changli, Hebei Province, and he was called "Han Changli" in the world. In his later years, he served as an assistant minister in the official department, so he was also called "Han Official Department". After his death, he was also called "Han Wengong". He was a scholar. He once served as an idle post in the shogunate of Bianzhou (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province), Xuzhou and other government offices. In the 18th year of Zhenyuan (82), he went to Chang 'an to be a doctor of imperial academy's four schools, and since then he has entered the official career. In the 19th year of Zhenyuan, he was appointed as the supervisor of the imperial censor. He was demoted to Yangshan County Order (now Lianyang County, Guangdong Province) because he wrote a letter about famine and offended dignitaries. With Pei Du's active conquest of rebellion, he was promoted to assistant minister of punishments. In the 14th year of Yuanhe, Tang Xianzong sent someone to welcome Buddha's bones into the palace, and Han Yu wrote a letter to remonstrate, and was demoted to assistant minister of official department. He advocated that "those who aspire to the eternal should not only be good at their words, but also be good at their ways" and "be ancient sages and sages of literati".
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the selection of officials was based on the nine-grade system, namely. Instead, the distinction of rank should be based on the rank of official rank. Children of "high rank", regardless of their moral character and knowledge, can become officials with their noble rank. Therefore, they don't need to learn, and they also look down on their teachers. Among them, there is also a general psychology that if they follow the teacher, "being humble means being ashamed, and being an official means being close". Han Yu ignored the customs of the time and risked the laughter of the people at that time. As well as progressive slogans such as "Let those who can be teachers", are of far-reaching significance.
The legend of Han Yu
The origin of the name
The more Han Wengong became famous, the more he retired. Speaking of this word, there is a much-told story.
Han Yu's parents died early, and he was raised by his elder brother and sister-in-law since childhood. In an instant, it was the age of admission. Sister-in-law Zheng wanted to give his brother a beautiful and elegant scientific name. On this day, Zheng opened the book and chose a word on the left, which was too vulgar. After half an hour, he didn't choose a suitable scientific name for his brother. Han Yu stood by and watched. Seeing that his sister-in-law had trouble naming him, he asked, "Sister-in-law, what are you going to name me?" Zheng's way: Your eldest brother's name is Hui, and your second brother's name is Jie. Hui and Jie are all herringbone heads, symbolizing that they all want to be the heads of the crowd, and Hui is gathering, and Jie is honest and frank. Their meanings are all very good. The scientific name of your third brother should also be headed by someone, and the meaning should be more exquisite. After hearing this, Han Yu immediately said, "Sister-in-law, you don't have to turn over the words. This person is the head." Hearing this, Zheng quickly closed the calligraphy book and asked his younger brother, "What's the good meaning of the more words?" Han Yudao "The more, the more. When I grow up, I must do something great. I will surpass the ancients before, and I will never be a mediocre person. " After hearing this, sister-in-law clapped her hands and exclaimed, "Good! Ok! You really know how to name, what a word' Yu'! "
how did Han Yu give himself such a beautiful and elegant name? It turns out that he has been smart since childhood and has read a lot of classics. He has been literate since he was three years old and can remember thousands of words every day. Before he was seven years old, he finished reading the works of various philosophers. That extraordinary talent and cultural accomplishment made him hold high aspirations early, and the word "Yu" was revealed by his teenage mind.
By the time he was nineteen years old, he was already a brilliant young man. This year coincided with the opening of the imperial examination. Zheng packed his bags and sent him to Beijing to take the exam.
after he arrived in Beijing, he was self-possessed, thinking that he would win if he entered the city, and he never put his companions in the eye. As a result, others passed the exam, but he failed in Sun Shan. Later, he lived in Beijing for several years in a row, took the exam four times in a row, and finally got the thirteenth place. After that, I went to palace examination three times in a row, but I didn't get an official position.
As his money had already been spent, he moved from Kyoto to Luoyang to ask his friends for help. In Luoyang, a friend was engaged to Miss Lushi, who was both talented and attractive. Miss Lu's father joined the army in Facao, Henan province, which is very promising. Han Yu lives in his house and is going to choose an auspicious day to marry Miss Lu.
Miss Lu is lively and frank. On the one hand, she admires Han Lang's talent, and on the other hand, she is worried about Han Lang's pride. She has thought many times that it is time to persuade him to do something in the future, but how to persuade him?
after dinner that day, the two chatted about poetry. During the talk, Han Yu mentioned the frustration on his way to seeking an official position in recent years. Miss Lu said kindly: "Xianggong doesn't have to worry about this anymore. Frustration in the examination hall is a long-term thing. My father always praises me for your knowledge and sincerity. I think you will do something in the future, but this field has been frustrated repeatedly, and it must have its own shortcomings. Now it is time to find out the reason. " After hearing this, Han Yu nodded frequently, saying in his heart that Miss Lu had seen her, and then said, "What Miss Lu said is very reasonable. As the saying goes, you can't see the black on your face. Please give me your advice." When Miss Lu heard this, she laughed out loud and said, "You are really a smart man!" Immediately, he spread out a piece of paper and wrote:
People seek truth, while fire seeks guilty conscience.
If you want to achieve great things, you must first quit.
Han Yu held a gift and mused for a while: This is the dirty words of my young lady! Since ancient times, pride goes before a fall, and what I lack is modesty. The word "more" is evidence. So, he immediately chose the last two words in Miss Lu's message: Quit and give himself a new name.
Chang Lidou
After Han Yu was demoted to Chaozhou, he often went out of the city to visit families and observe the people's feelings.
one day, he and his entourage put on plain clothes and came to a mountain in the north of Chaozhou. I saw a crevice on the stone wall, which was as narrow as a door, and the strong wind blew, giving out a series of harsh animal calls, such as the roar of tigers and the cry of apes, like a brotherhood of the wolf, which made people appall. Han Yu was about to go inside when an attendant quickly stopped him: "Stop, my Lord, you must not go in this mountain. No one has ever dared to enter. You are old, so why take the risk? "
Han Yu smiled calmly and said solemnly, "What can demons do for me in broad daylight? Since this place is under the jurisdiction of this official, how can we not visit it? " Say and go straight to the inside. They were helpless and had to bite the bullet and follow up.
who knows, as soon as we reached the mountain pass, the gale suddenly stopped. Further inside, there are many thorns and fog. Occasionally, people come together in groups of three or five, covered with dirt and unkempt hair, with bare backs and bare feet, and their waists are wrapped in rags and hemp. No one can understand what it is. They are struggling to farm with stone axes and shovels, and they hurriedly avoid when outsiders come. When Han Yu saw this, he couldn't help feeling sad: How come people here are still like this? So, he walked up to him with a pleasant face and talked with him, knowing that the ancestors of these people were the poor people of the previous generation who could not afford to pay the rent, pay their debts or escape the corvee.
Han Yu went inside with his entourage, and suddenly he saw a young woman lying in a cave beside the road, groaning feebly. Han Yu hurried forward to help the woman up and give her some dry food to satisfy her hunger. It turned out that all the people in the woman's family had starved to death, leaving her alone and seriously ill. So Han Yu ordered his entourage to tie a stretcher and send the woman back to the house. And asked a doctor to treat her.
Two days later, the woman's illness gradually improved. Mrs. Han Yu's Lu helped her wash and change clothes, and then combed her disheveled hair, tied it into a knot and put on a silk pocket, which made her a very handsome woman. When she left, the woman, with tears in her eyes, climbed on the ground and kowtowed to Han Yu and his wife.
One day, Han Yu was taking a nap when a noise woke him up from his dream. The state service reported that a group of women came to the front of the house to see their wives. It turned out that the young woman told her friends about the kindness of the Han Yu couple when she returned. Some of the women touched her clothes, others looked at her hair, asking questions and praising her. What interested them most was the silk pocket on the young woman's head. This kind of silk pocket firmly fixes the hair behind the head, which is beautiful and does not cover the face. Therefore, they came to Mrs. Han and asked for this silk pocket. Han Yu was very happy when he learned about it. He asked his wife to call them into the house and teach them to learn to edit.