When it comes to hundreds of surnames, many people mistakenly think that there are a hundred surnames in total. In fact, Chinese surname culture is extensive and profound. There are a total of 6,150 surnames in use across the country, and there are many surnames. There is also evidence to follow, and there are differences in distribution areas. Today, the editor will take you to understand the top ten surnames of Baijia surnames in 2022, as well as their origins. If you cannot master all the surnames of Baijia surnames, at least you will have a good understanding of the top ten most common surnames in China and their origins.
1. Li surname - accounts for 7.94% of the entire Han population in China = 95,300,000 people.
Source: Seeking roots and asking ancestors to get to the bottom of things. The surname Li has a long history, dating back to ancient times more than 4,000 years ago. It is said that Emperor Zhuanxu, one of the "Five Emperors", was the grandson of the Yellow Emperor, the founder of Chinese civilization. He was the leader of the Gaoyang primitive clan of the Dongyi tribe and lived in Diqiu, which is today's Puyang area in Henan. By the time of Yao and Shun, the tribe led by Emperor Zhuanxu was divided into eight clans. One of them, the leader of the "Tingjian" clan, Gaotao, served as Emperor Yao's Daliguan (the ancient chief judge). After Gaotao passed away, his son Boyi assumed the position of "Li Guan", in charge of fire, domesticated animals and birds, and later assisted Dayu in flood control, and was given the official name "Li" as his surname.
2. Wang surname - accounts for 7.41% of the entire Han population in China = 88,900,000 people.
Source: 1. Comes from the surname Ji, after King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, and took the royal title as his surname. After Bi Gonggao, the fifteenth son of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty, they took Wang as their surname because they were originally from the royal family. 2. It comes from the surname Zi, which was given as a surname after Prince Bigan of the Yin Shang Dynasty. According to the "Tongzhi Clan Brief", after the prince Bigan was killed during the Shang Dynasty, his descendants changed the prince's title from the surname "Zi" to the surname "Wang" in order to commemorate him, forming a different clan. Wang family. 3. Derived from the surname Gui, he is a descendant of King Tian He of Qi and is named after the royal family. According to the records of "Tongzhi Clan Brief", it is said that after the ancient emperor Yushun, Guiman was granted the title of Chen by King Wu of Zhou Dynasty. It was passed down to Gongzi Wan, who fled to Qi State and changed his surname to Tian. His descendant Sun Tianhe became the king of Qi State. , known in history as "Tian clan on behalf of Qi". After Qi was destroyed, the descendants changed their surname from "Gui" to "Wang" as a royal family, and were called the Wang family. 4. The compound surnames were simplified. After the Qin Dynasty destroyed the six kingdoms, the royal families of various countries took refuge and scattered, and a small number of people with the Yi surname became kings. 5. Comes from the surname Wang who was given or changed his surname. 6. People from ethnic minorities have the surname Wang or change their surname to Wang.
3. Zhang surname - accounts for 7.07% of the entire Han population in China = 84,800,000 people.
Source: 1; From the surname "Ji", according to "Tongzhi. Clan brief. According to "Taking Characters as a Family", the Zhang family served in the Jin Dynasty for generations, and the Jin Dynasty was divided into three. They also served in Korea for generations, and later gradually became a prominent family. 2. Change of surname. Zhang Liao's original surname was "Nie" in the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty, and his surname was changed to "Zhang". In addition, Zhuge Liang of Shu in the Three Kingdoms gave Long Youna, the chief of the Southern Barbarians, the "Zhang" surname. 3. The number of people in the "Zhang" family has gradually increased since the Han Dynasty, which is related to the rise and popularity of Taoism at that time. Taoism claims to be originated from the Yellow Emperor, and there is a popular saying that "the Yellow Emperor gave the surname Zhang" to Taoist leaders such as Zhang Jiao, Zhang Lu, etc. 4. According to the "Yuanhe Surname Compilation", "Qingyang, the fifth son of the Yellow Emperor, was born and held the bow straight. He looked at the lone star and began to make bows and arrows. He was the main worshiper of Zhang Xing, so his surname was Zhang."
4. The surname Liu - accounts for 5.38% of the entire Han population in China = 64,600,000 people.
Source: The surname Liu is one of the main surnames in China, and the number of people with the surname Liu ranks fourth in the country. In Chinese history, the surname Liu has the largest number of people who have ascended the throne and proclaimed themselves emperor. In ancient China, there was a saying that "Liu Tianxia and Li Banbian", while in northern China there was a saying that "King Zhang, Li Zhao and Liu everywhere". According to a 1977 paper by Chinese historian Li Dongming on "surnames" published in "Oriental Magazine", the surname Liu is one of the top ten Chinese surnames in the world.
5. Chen surname - accounts for 4.53% of the entire Han population in China = 54,400,000 people.
Source: Among the many surnames in China, the surname Chen is the fifth largest in terms of population. According to the National Citizen Identity Information System (NCIIS) of the household registration management department, the surname Chen is the fifth most common surname in modern China. According to a 1977 paper on "surnames" published by Chinese historian Li Dongming in "Oriental Magazine", Chen's surname is one of the top ten Chinese surnames in the world. The surname Chen is the most common surname in Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu, and ranks 10th in "Hundred Family Surnames".
6. Yang surname - accounting for 3.08% of the entire Han population in China = 37,000,000 people.
Source: 1. Comes from the surname "Ji". Take the country as your surname. According to "Yuanhe Surname Compilation". King Wu of Zhou enfeoffed his uncle Yu in Tang Yi (Yicheng, Shanxi). When the son of Qi was born, his uncle Qiao was born. The emperor named him Marquis of Yang and took the country as his surname. 2. It is the surname of the Di people during the Five Hus and Sixteenth Kingdoms. According to the "Book of Jin", the Di have a Yang family and have lived in Qiuchi (Qiuchi Mountain, Gansu). 3. According to "Book of Wei." According to "Guan Shi Zhi", the Northern Wei Dynasty had a northern surname of "Mohulu", which was later changed to a single surname of "Yang" in Chinese characters. 4. Comes from the surname "Yang". Take Yi as the surname. In ancient times, there was "Yang's town". He is a direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor, the founder and ancestor of the Chinese nation. Therefore, the origin of the Yang surname must start with the Yellow Emperor. 5. Give a surname and change your surname. 6. Change your surname. For example, after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, he implemented Sinicization. According to "Wei Shu·Guan Shi Zhi", the Northern Wei Dynasty had a northern surname of "Mohulu", which was later changed to a single surname of "Yang" in Chinese characters.
7. Zhao surname - accounts for 2.29% of the entire Han population in China = 27,500,000 people.
Source: The surname "Zhao" comes from the surname "Ying". According to the "Book of Tang" records, the 13th grandson of Boyi, the leader of the Dongyi tribe in ancient times, Zaofu, was said to have taken a good husband during the reign of King Mu of Zhou Dynasty. The Eight Horses were presented to King Mu of Zhou. King Mu of Zhou rode these eight horses on a hunting expedition to the west. When he came to Kunlun Mountain, the Queen Mother of the West hosted a banquet for him in the pool. She drank and sang and forgot to return. She drove a chariot for King Mu of Zhou and traveled thousands of miles. King Xu Yan rebelled. Later, King Mu of Zhou granted Zaofu a title to Zhaocheng, which is now Shanxi Province. Hongdong is in the north, followed by the Zhao family. "Hundred Family Surnames" was compiled from the Song Dynasty. The emperor's surname was the national surname, which was of course placed first. The first sentence of "Hundred Family Surnames" is "Zhao Qian Sun Li", "Zhao" means "power", and "Qian" means "money".
8. Huang surname - accounts for 2.23% of the entire Han population in China = 26,800,000 people.
Source: The surname Huang has five origins: 1. It comes from the surname Ying, and is a descendant of Lu Zhong. According to legend, when Boyi was the leader of the tribe, the descendants of Zhuanxu's great-grandson Lu Zhong established the Huang Kingdom in today's Huangchuan, Henan Province at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty. It was destroyed by Chu in 648 BC, and their descendants took the country as their surname. This branch of the Huang family later became the main source of Huang family members, and was known as the authentic Huang family in history. All are from the Huang family in Henan. 2. Comes from the surname Ying, a descendant of Sun Taiyi, a descendant of Shaohao of the Jintian clan. Tai Ni was granted the title of Fenchuan during the reign of Zhuan Xu, and his descendants founded the kingdoms of Shen, Si, Ping, and Huang in the Spring and Autumn Period. Later, the Huang Kingdom was destroyed by the Jin Kingdom, and the country was named after him. This group of people with the surname Huang is mainly concentrated in the present-day Shanxi area and is called the Shanxi Huang family. 3. Give the surname Huang. According to legend, the 13th Shi Gong was given the surname Huang because of his meritorious service in assisting the Zhou Dynasty. Later, due to dispersion, he reunited in Wuchang Jiangxia, and his descendants took Huang as their surname. 4. His surname was changed to Huang. In ancient times, Huang and Wang had the same pronunciation, so some people changed their surnames from Wang to Huang; there were also other reasons for changing their surnames to Huang: for example, the surnames Lu were changed to Huang, and the surnames Wu, Wu, Jin were changed to Huang, etc. 5. Comes from the surnames of ancient southern ethnic minorities. The Wulingxi people, Dong people and Zhuang people all have the surname Huang. They are all descendants of the survivors of the Huang Kingdom who went south to join the "barbarian" areas south of the Yangtze River during the Warring States Period.
9. Zhou surname - accounts for 2.12% of the entire Han population in China = 25,400,000 people.
Source: Comes from the surname Ji, whose ancestor was King Wen of Zhou. Houji, the fourth grandson of the Yellow Emperor, had a surname of Ji. Hou Ji was the ancestor of the ancient Zhou clan. After Zhou Gong's victory in the Eastern Expedition, he enfeoffed princes on a large scale, including 53 countries with the surname Ji. Most of the descendants of these countries with the surname Ji changed their surnames to the country name, place name and grandfather's name. In 256 BC, Zhou was destroyed by the Qin State, and a considerable number of the descendants of the Zhou clan took Zhou as their surname. For example, after King Ping of Zhou, this branch is usually considered to be the main source of the Zhou surname in our country. After King Nan of Zhou, during the Xiantian period (712-713) of the Tang Dynasty, the surname Ji was changed to Zhou to avoid the name taboo of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. The surname is Zhou after Zhou Gongdan.
10. Wu surname - accounting for 2.05% of the entire Han population in China = 24,600,000 people. Source: 1. From the surname "Ji", taking the name of the country. Taibo, the eldest son of the ancient public father, went to the south of the Yangtze River and established his capital in Meili (Wuxi, Jiangsu), known as Gouwu. King Wu destroyed Taibo's third-generation grandson Zhou Zhang, who was a prince. . In 473 BC, it was destroyed by King Goujian of Yue. The descendants take the country's surname as their surname. 2. The descendants of Yu Zhong, the son of Gu Gong, named Yu Tongwu. 3. The Wu surname in Qilu area is mostly after Wu Jili, the fourth son of Shoumeng.
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