The brain-computer interface is where the computer is connected to each other; Musk's brain-computer interface may still face many difficulties, and it may not be the same as a computer.
Since the 1960s, research on brain-computer interfaces has been going on for decades, and there have been countless plans. Due to technical reasons, there is still a long way to go before it can be applied to the experimental level. Now, Neuralink’s solution finally shines before our eyes. The reason why brain-computer interface is so difficult is that what exactly is the difficulty in related technologies of brain-computer interface? There are two options: implantable devices and non-invasive devices, both of which have their own advantages and disadvantages.
Non-invasive devices: headbands and scalp patches are more easily accepted by the public, are less invasive, relatively low-cost, and offer great freedom. Correspondingly, due to the obstacles of the skin and skull, the signal strength and accuracy are somewhat limited. When it is necessary to collect EEG and EMG, non-invasive equipment seems to be insufficient. In comparison, the problem with implants is the risks of rejection and surgery. At present, brain-computer interface devices cannot be made to a very small level and require craniotomy surgery to implant them. Inside the brain, even the slightest mistake will cause huge risks. Neuralink’s contribution: replacing drilling with laser beams, reducing the risks of trauma and surgery.
The wound caused by the laser is not small, and the interface device is also very thin. Neuralink is named "Wire". The linear shape is determined by the properties of the electrode material. Carbon fiber electrodes are too thin and light to be implanted. Neuralinks are connected to each other via flexible conductive wires.
Compared with other materials, this solution is less damaging and ensures transmission capacity. The next question is how to implant "threads" into the brain. Neuralink prepares equipment similar to "sewing machines" to control thin threads through pins, pass them through holes, and implant them into brain areas according to needs, such as language, vision, and hearing areas. . This device can implant six wires per minute, equivalent to 192 electrodes. During the process, the vision system in the computer helps it avoid blood vessels in the brain.
In addition, in the Neuralink announcement, a chip called "N1 sensor" was mentioned, which has the function of cleaning up interference and amplifying signals.