"Being poor is not afraid" is not only proficient in writing and pen and ink, but also has a good study of the sound, form and meaning of Chinese characters. When he performs, he always scatters the white sand in a straight line, telling the truth while scattering it, so as to attract the audience to watch his performances and let people learn knowledge through laughter. Therefore, Zhu Shaowen's greatest contribution to crosstalk art is to introduce the performance mode of "Baisha Sanzi" into crosstalk. Before crosstalk, Zhu Shaowen always took a small bag of thin white sand, two small bamboo boards and a big broom, and drew a big circle with white sand in crowded places. This is called "painting pot", which means paddock performance. Then he knelt on the ground with one leg, squeezed the white sand with his thumb and fingers and sprinkled all kinds of words or patterns, and then sang with two small bamboo boards, or led to all kinds of interesting things and jokes. After the performance of a program, sweep the words off the ground with a broom, write new words, and start talking about a new program. He can write a Chinese character with a double hook of 10 feet and 2 feet on the white sand, which is quite vivid, such as "a tiger", "a blessing" and "a life". There are often small characters under big characters. When many characters are combined together, they become a poem or a pair of poems. He often uses a couplet to sum up: "The book boy grinds ink, smears a pulse of ink on the book boy, adds coal to Mei, and explodes at Mei Mei." This couplet reads like a tongue twister, which is clever and interesting. The same is true of the couplet "painting a lotus monk, the book is close to the Han Hanlin book" The new performance form of "Bai Sha Chuan Zi" has attracted many audiences, and everyone is willing to watch it. Therefore, Zhu Shaowen's cross talk was listed as the first of the "Eight Monsters of Tianqiao" at that time.
Being poor and not afraid of Zhu Shao's literature is best at Su's miscellaneous palindromes. According to "Biography of Women in the Book of Jin", "Tao Wei is washed by flowing water, and Su thinks. Brocade is a palindrome for pottery. It turned around and looked at it, and the words were very sad. " According to the Tang Dynasty's Preface to Pictures, when he broke up with his wife because of a family dispute, Su felt sorry for himself, so he wrote a brocade, which was colorful and eight inches long, with more than 200 poems, about 800 tones, and could be repeated vertically and horizontally. When he sent someone to Xiangyang, her husband lived in the city and was very moved, so he gave Sue's family to him.
Being poor is not afraid of Zhu Shaowen's performance. He first talked about the technique of "Su's Hui Brocade Palindrome", then grabbed Baisha and wrote one or two poems, such as:
Our long zhaode is pregnant with the holy emperor, and people are soft and hard on women;
When it comes to loyalty and ambition, who cares what they care about and who expects what.
If this poem is read backwards, it will become the following poem:
When you are lucky and pure, you should expect people you think are close to;
Combining rigidity with softness, the woman is a bitch, Huang Sheng Huaide Zhao Longlin.
"Being poor is not afraid" Zhu Shaowen's ability to write Su Huiwen on the map is unique in the history of China crosstalk. With his profound writing skills, he applied it to the easy-to-understand explanation process and attracted a large number of audiences around him.
He also often writes some words in celebrity collections. After every word is spilled, he will make some comments, such as:
No one asked you if you live in a bustling city, but if you live in a deep mountain, you have distant relatives.
Tigers often lie on their heads, and dragons sometimes get trapped in heaven.
These famous sentences, through his simple and incisive remarks, can often give the audience some philosophical enlightenment on life and let the audience accept the truth in entertainment.
Harmony is the most prominent artistic feature of Poverty. He often combines several Chinese characters with the same radicals into rhyming words, phrases or short sentences. For example, "three words are the same as hibiscus, and three words are the same as sister mother." Another example is "three words are often dangdang with the same head, and one or three words eat, drink and sing at the same side." When he added, "It's all because of eating, drinking and singing that he became so popular." "You see, eating, drinking and singing are not good! You see, from me, I learned couplets and how to stand on the world, which is of great benefit! I would appreciate it if you would give me some small coins to eat. On the other hand, I am not afraid of poverty. Even if you don't give me a penny, I won't turn around and swear. " His words often make people laugh and cry, and make people realize the truth of being diligent and filial to their parents.
"Being poor is not afraid", many cross talk jokes compiled by Zhu Shaowen have been passed down to this day. Such as Ci Xiang, which satirizes the corruption and greed of officials at that time, Truth, Baoyu's Self-sighing and Duizibing Dream, which exhorts people to do good. There are stand-up crosstalk in the form, such as Old Japanese Fight, Lord Qianlong Attacking Jiangnan, Fake Sven, counterpart crosstalk, Guards, Yellow Crane Tower, and three-person crosstalk, Four-character Couplet. Zhu Shaowen has four apprentices: poor Ben, Fu Yougen, Xu Luyou and Fan Youyuan. Now we are talking about the great new cross talk, inheriting Zhu Shaowen's school and continuing to carry it forward.
Zhu Shaowen, who is not afraid of poverty, is a representative figure in the early stage of cross talk. Because of his superb rap skills, he created a new form of cross talk performance, opened up new fields, and made great contributions to the spread and development of cross talk art, so he was admired and respected by cross talk people of his contemporaries and later generations. At present, among the cultural relics handed down from ancient times in Quyi, there are a pair of bamboo boards left over from poverty, which are about 12.5 cm long and 4.9 cm wide. Two oval bamboo boards are very bright, and a five-character poem is engraved on the back of each board. The content is: "it is not illegal to eat thousands of meals a day and stay in an ancient temple, even if you see the king." There is still a pair of bamboo boards that have not fallen down. It is said that the inscription reads: "I am full of articles, not afraid of poverty."
Yang, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, has seven poems praising "being poor and not afraid" in Ode to Tianqiao.
An old man who talks humorously, makes a fortune and writes a job.
Who is not afraid of poverty?
White sand should be sprinkled on the street every day, and graffiti should be done without pen and ink.
The article sweeps the floor to find commonness and asks for money to support the family. "vinegar drowning cream" is a nickname, also known as "Chu Miao Gao" My surname is Zhang, a folk artist who appeared in Tianqiao during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. He mainly tells jokes and cross talks, and at the same time sings Shanxi folk songs, folk songs and pier tunes.
He usually dresses strangely. When he came to power, he wore grass beads and a gauze robe, with long sideburns and unkempt appearance. His specialty is called "dark spring", and today it is called "ventriloquism", among which learning to call birds is his unique skill. The birdsong he learned, including all kinds of birdsong, was tactfully cultivated and lifelike, and it was like being in a bird market when performing. There is a poem praising "vinegar drowning paste" in Tianqiao Zayong;
Li Qu Village's songs are prosperous and magnificent, and the rhyme is loud and noisy.
It is still said that there is a wonderful vinegar paste.
The gauze robe of grass beads is swaying, and the drum plate must be beaten with gongs.
In the past 50 years, whoever succeeded has been ignored by the world.
The folk songs sung by "vinegar drowning paste" are called "folk songs" in Shanxi and are popular folk tunes in Hequ area of northwest Shanxi. Its lyrics are basically seven words, which are not strictly bound and can be extended freely. The most famous is A Chinese Odyssey, which shows that Shanxi people and Hequ people go out to make a living in Inner Mongolia in spring. There are three kinds of tunes, namely, demand mode, Shang mode, feather mode and gong mode, with simple and beautiful rhythm and unique features.
Minor is also called "ditty", which is characterized by soft and smooth tunes, beautiful lyrics and popular images. The content is mainly based on the field work in Shan Ye, which has a strong local color. In those days, the minor songs sung by "Vinegar Drowning Ointment" included Meng Jiangnv, Wugeng, Embroidering Lotus and Shepherding Sheep in Suwu. He is good at using different tunes, changing different lyrics, making it constantly changing, and often singing new things to keep the audience from falling down.
Dock tune is also called "social fire tune". "Shehuo" is a form of song and dance performance. In the early years, in Shanxi and western Inner Mongolia, whenever festivals came, villages all over the country would hold community fires, such as running dry boats, making yangko, eating and practicing. The tune used is called pier tune. Its music falls into two categories: rap and lyric. The former is mainly narrative, with interesting and vivid content, bright and simple style, but not strong melody. The latter is strong in singing, smooth and rich in tunes, cheerful and lively, euphemistic and soft, and desolate and sad.
The scene of singing "vinegar drowning paste" in performing arts is not only rich in folk songs, but also the words of laughing, cursing and mocking the disadvantages of the times. In addition, the audience is tired of watching it and doesn't want to leave. There used to be an old saying in Beijing: "Pockmarked Han akimbo-ask for money." This two-part allegorical saying was specially written for Han Mazi, one of the eight eccentrics of Tianqiao in his early years.
Han, as the name implies, knows that he is a big-faced man, and people call him "Asako" instead of calling him by his first name. He was the most famous stand-up comedian in the early days of Old Tianqiao. This person specializes in joking or imitating the cries of various merchants in the market, and it is very interesting to perform. He is sharp-tongued, and the rural level is extremely unbearable. If you look at him again, he looks strange. His face is purple and hemp, and his eyebrows and eyes are swaying. He held his hair between his foreheads and a broken fan in his hand. Every time I see his lips sticking up and his eyes rolling around, I can't help laughing when I don't hear what he says. Sun Baocai, a flyover artist, once recalled Han Ma's voice and smile and said, "Han Ma's head is like a pear flower, her forehead is criss-crossed like a flower arrangement, and her face is beaming. I put white ash on my face, tied one foot and a long argument behind my head, and pouted in the air to make people laugh. He often wears a green coat with a big right skirt with five knotted buttons nailed to it. He is a big fat man with a pockmarked face. " "Pockmarked Korean thrush cage in hand, everywhere, very busy. People were surrounded when he put the cage on the ground. The people laughed and laughed, suddenly stopped, put their hands on their waist, and then asked for money. " Sun Baocai's mouth is fierce. He can swear and you can't hear him. For example, when he said Miss XXX's ivory bed, he said,' What ivory bed? There are dog bones, wolf bones, pig bones, cow bones and all kinds of animal bones in the front and back of the bed. "Only the one in the middle of the bed is an elephant!" When he said this, he stood in the middle of the venue and scolded the audience around him. Only he was an ivory, and when the audience understood it, he was already scolded. Many people hate him because he loves to curse, but because he is clever and clever, the audience still likes to listen to him. After the performance every day, Asako Han always earns more than other crosstalk performers. This is mainly because he speaks cross talk well, and everyone is willing to listen and pay. Then everyone was afraid of his scolding and dared not give him money.
It is said that Shen Rongxuan, a famous painter, once painted a cross talk of pockmarked Han in a frame and hung it on the window partition of Dashilan dormitory or at the entrance of Dongmipu, Meishi Street Road, as a signboard for Qingshui fax, which attracted many people to watch.
Han Mazi's "Guankou" (Quyi terminology. Refers to singing quickly, reciting lyrics or describing many things in succession) and "changing one's mouth" (Quyi terminology. The use of local dialects and other basic skills complement his unique appearance. It is also a traditional stand-up comedy program such as "Three Myopia" and "Candlestick". After what he said, he had a different kind of charm and funny charm, and even made people laugh, so everyone would always throw money at him every time he finished a paragraph.
Asako Han said that asking for money for cross talk left a deep impression on the audience. Most Beijingers who are familiar with Tianqiao know the bald man. Bald man in the basin is an artist's nickname, and his real name cannot be verified. Because he knocked on the earthen bowl and sang a little song on the overpass, and his head was bald, everyone called him bald.
Bald man himself has two obvious appearance characteristics. One is baldness, with only one mane and some beards. Second, he walks with a limp, just like Tie Guai Li in The Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea.
Singing a ditty on the earthen basin has historical allusions. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" recorded the story that the king of Qin defeated the king of Zhao at the pool meeting, which is widely known so far. The history of percussion can be traced back to the ancient Tang Dynasty. Lekao in the document Nengkao records: "An ancient brick, shaped like a foot basin or a basin cover, was hit with four sticks." Looking up the relevant historical records, we can see that it is said that when Guan Ju was in prison, an old man dug dirt and sang, "Work at sunrise, rest at sunset, dig wells and drink, plow fields and eat." How can the emperor help me? " This lyric later became an allusion to the celebration of peace and prosperity. Textual research also learned that smashing soil is smashing the ground. After Tang Yao, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties, there were records about percussion and music. For example, in the Biography of Yang Hanyun, there is such a saying: "After drinking, my ears are hot and I slap my face in the sky, but I call my dog."
The bald man in the basin performed differently: during the performance, he held a big earthen basin and tapped different parts of the earthen basin with a pair of chopsticks, making different sounds and tones, and the words and songs from his mouth made bloggers laugh. Sun Baocai said of baldy: "Baldy is a monster. His head is bald, and only a few hairs grow on his horns. He walks with a limp, like a Tie Guai Li man. He is holding a clay pot, which is two feet in diameter and one foot deep. He can knock around with a pair of chopsticks, but he can also knock out five tones and twelve rhymes. He knocks and sings, and he makes up words to make people laugh. "
The bald men in the washbasin knocked on the pottery basin, and Kan Kan was silent. Although the octave is not harmonious, it is clear and harmonious in music, which should be coordinated with the cadence of his songs. Tracing back to the source, ancient times are also expensive. Therefore, Yang, a poet in Qing Dynasty, praised baldness in "Odes on Tianqiao":
I have seen bald men in a basin, striking rhymes in a basin.
Now there will be a new tune on the market. Do you know that Qin people are good at this kind of voice?
Beating people and singing are like begging, and the Sri Lankan people can't stand it now.
Laughing at his vulgarity and ignorance, he made a fake plan to knock on the basin around Zhuang. Tian Gai was an old folk artist who opened a barber shop in Tianqiao Acrobatic Field during Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty. His real name can't be verified, because he has been an artist in Tianqiao for decades and has never revealed his life name to others. It seems that he has something to hide, and it is difficult for others to ask.
When he was young, this man had great martial arts and was disabled because he kicked too hard. But some people say that he fought with others and was injured by the other party. No one can tell whether this space is right or wrong. But it is not easy for people with broken legs to practice various technical movements on the bar. Every day, he takes his apprentice to the Tianqiao performing arts venue. First, he sets up the bar, then lets his apprentice perform one or two tricks as an introduction, and then limps onto the venue himself. He is like the old man Hong Tao in Guayuan. He is physically strong and has no old age. He bounced up and down on the barbell, and his limbs made various movements flexibly. For example, the hat top is messy, the neck is pinched, the left and right downwind flags are raised, the swallows turn over, and Nezha explores the sea. The changes are endless and indescribable. The audience cheered and praised it. Each performance can be properly received in the top ten, three to five thousand yuan. At the end of the day, there are 30 thousand to 40 thousand yuan, which is quite expensive.
People have long been familiar with the "two fingers" of martial arts masters. Tian's best kung fu is to hold the ground with two fingers, hold the big head and stand upside down on the barbell, which was also a must in the Tianqiao entertainment circle at that time.
Although Tian has a disability, he has extraordinary strength, the swiftness of a tiger and the dexterity of an ape. Every performance always attracts the audience with a few simple actions first, and then comes up with the housekeeping skills one by one after the audience comes around. Many of his difficult and wonderful action performances are related to historical figures or fairy tales. Such as White Ape Stealing Me, Liu Yuwo and Huang Xiang Lying on the Mat. In addition, it is a form of imitation, such as duck drowning, kite turning over, hanging upside down and so on.
"The white ape steals the peach" means that in the myth, the white ape bends down on one knee to hold the bar, and his arms encircle his knees to let the white ape hold the peach as a gift for his mother, and then turns around the bar seven or eight times. The disease is as fast as lightning and dazzling. Today, the gymnast's "one-knee loop" action on the horizontal bar is quite a bit of a taste of white apes who dare not be a cripple and steal peaches.
"Liu Ling Drunk Lying" is more difficult because one arm bends the bar and the other hand supports her drunk lying, and the whole body weight is supported by one arm. Liu Ling was a famous scholar in ancient Wei and Jin Dynasties, and he was also called "Seven Sages of Bamboo Forest" with Ruan Ji and Ji Kang. Because he "often rides a deer cart and carries a pot of wine, which makes people follow the lotus bell", and "in the name of wine, one drink one stone and five fights wake up", he is known as Brewmaster, so later generations left a much-told story of "Du Kang wine Liu Ling drunk". Liu Ling and the young prince Zhang Hua were good friends. He traveled thousands of miles to Sui City (now Xu Shui, Hebei Province) to visit Zhang Hua, who often drank and had fun. After his death, he was buried in Zhanghua Village, west of Xushui Valley.
"Huang Xiang sleeps on the mat" is holding the bar with both hands, bending his arms, hanging his waist and legs horizontally, and turning upside down on the bar. Huang Xiang, a native of Jiangxia in the Eastern Han Dynasty, has a strong word. At the age of nine, I lost my mother, honored my father, and warmed up with a cold pillow in the summer fan bed. He is proficient in classics and can write articles. The name of the capital is "A Chinese Odyssey, Jiangxia Huangtong". Official to official. Later, Huang Xiang's story was compiled into Twenty-four Filial Pieties, which was widely circulated in China. Therefore, taking the allusion of "Huang Xiang lying on the mat" as the name of the dish will be more popular with the public.
I once recalled that the cripple Tian said, "His skill is practicing. Look at him. He landed with one hand and his whole body stood on end. This is called holding a big top in one hand. He will also somersault, turn around and stand in front of you again. This is called swallows turning over. He has another stunt. When he was holding the big roof alone, his body leaned to the left and right, as if the wind had blown people sideways. This is called the left and right downwind flag. Another feature of Tian's lame man is that he spends all his money when he gets it. Not a penny left, earn more and spend more, earn less and spend less. This is because Jianghu people walk all day without settlement. Generally, they don't do permanent production or long-term planning. They live day by day, and they suffer more. Once they have money, they should enjoy it. Let's talk about it the next day, tighten your belts and go to the show. "
The most wonderful movements of Tian lame are "horizontal bar" and "two-fingered handstand". Riding on the bar means riding your legs on the bar separately, rotating back and forth several times, and the femoral bar is roughly the same. "Two-finger handstand" means to turn your body upside down slowly, with your index finger and middle finger pointing to the bar. This is the "finale" program of Tian Lame, which is extremely thrilling. Every time the audience practices, it also makes him famous on the overpass. This "ugly grandson" surnamed Sun was nicknamed "ugly grandson" because of his ugliness. He was a famous crosstalk artist in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and he mainly pretended to be funny.
Sun Cai once described his ugly grandson like this. He said, "The ugly grandson is as ugly as a pig. On ordinary days, he said cross talk. On the first day of the lunar new year, he wore a hemp crown in his left hand, leaned on a funeral stick in his left hand, and mourned his son in his right hand, crying for his father, and he was wronged all the way to the busy place on the overpass. At this time, many people surrounded him and knew that this was his way of asking for money, so everyone laughed and threw some money to him. "
The best program of ugly grandson is the "funeral" on the first day of the New Year's Day. His own performance imitated the whole funeral scene, and his performance was vivid. First, he imitated many people's voices in an account: two girls cried, three sisters-in-law shouted, four aunts advised, and five concubines said, making a scene. However, his hand was outside the tent, wearing a hemp crown, mourning clothes, a mourning stick in his left hand, a paper banner in his right hand, and a bowl, crying loudly for his father. Crying and screaming made the audience laugh and made everyone throw money at him.
The ugly grandson is already ugly, and with the burden of filial piety, he continues to make trouble, which can be described as exposing his dirty linen. Therefore, the ugly grandson is famous in the Tianqiao market. One is strange, and the other is playful. He is known as one of the "eight eccentrics" in the early days of Tianqiao.
Yang, a scholar in Qing Dynasty, praised the "ugly grandson" with seven quatrains in Ode to Tianqiao;
Make a living by wearing a hemp crown and cry.
I don't know how taboo China people are, and I know that if money is true. There is little information about rhinoceros in history. According to legend, Bibaz is a strange and poor anonymous artist. His name is unknown, and everyone calls him "Tintin Tinker". Some people say that he used to be a buddy somewhere in Shanxi, but later he was dismissed from Beijing because of his good singing skills, so he became a school of his own in Tianqiao. I wonder if this information is accurate. He put an iron pipe into his nostrils, hung an iron pot around his waist, shouted with his hands pulling the castanets, and sang as he walked. Sometimes, he will hit a broken tin pot at his waist, and the iron pipe stuffed in his nose is the last sound after singing. Every time he sings, the ending is changed to a nasal tube, which is ridiculous. He is also listed as one of the "eight eccentrics".
When he officially performed for the audience, he also specially dressed up, wearing flowers on his head and powder on his face. When he put two iron drums in his nostrils and buzzed, he beat the tinplate pot hanging around his waist with a small stick and made a rhythmic sound. At the same time, I sang a little song with the tune in my mouth and the beat of the iron pot. Everyone will laugh at his ridiculous antics and leave a deep impression on the county. In Qing Dynasty, Tianqiao Zakouyong praised "Nose Hum" with seven-character poems;
The rhyme of horse iron pot can also be used to assist court merchants.
At that time, it was ghostly, but now I feel strong.
As soon as the nasal sound rings, it's strange to pat powder and flowers.
But visitors who practice can pay attention that they will not bear heavy ash today. Chang fool is also one of the eight monsters in the early days of Tianqiao. He performed? "Breaking the Rock" has the color of a Jianghu artist. Most artists on the old overpass have heard of his performance. Some people say that his "stone-beating" is real kung fu, but others say that he "stone-beating" is to promote his patented medicine service for treating falls and injuries, which is commercial and quack. Anyway, I admit that he was one of the weirdos in the early days of the old overpass. Nobody knows what his real name is.
It is said that the stones that fools often smash are mostly pebbles. Before the performance, his younger brother often touched two stones several times, so that the audience could hear the noise, and then handed them to the audience, who could touch them with their hands, have a look and distinguish the truth from the falsehood. At this time, fools are often lucky enough to convey qi to their hands. Then he picked up the stone and put it on the edge of a bench. After finding the right position, he only listened to "hi!" "hey!" Second, the palm of your hand fell down and the stone was smashed.
Often fools have a unique job, which is to poke stones with their fingers. His performance will be reminiscent of the kung fu performance of armed police soldiers today, which is of great significance. However, "shine on you is better than blue, and ice water is colder than water". Nowadays, the kung fu performance of armed police soldiers is much deeper than that of fools in those days, and all the qigong used is more extensive than before.
Often a fool has been performing "throwing stones" but wants to sell his "riki" to the audience. He said that his "100-ton therapy" has a miraculous effect, which can strengthen the body and bones, treat falls and injuries, and treat internal injuries such as lumbar syncope and gas injury. He also appeared to say that he had such great strength by taking this medicine to practice real kung fu. It is said that the pills he sells have no magical effect, but they will not spoil people. The reason why he beautifies pills so much is mainly to maintain the minimum living needs in order to survive. He "played with money" to the audience in the form of selling medicine. From this point of view, some people say that his busking is commercial, and it is not unreasonable.