Edit the symptoms of epilepsy in this paragraph.
Western medicine can be divided into primary epilepsy and secondary (symptomatic) epilepsy according to the different causes of epilepsy. The former means that these patients have no structural changes or metabolic abnormalities that can explain the symptoms of encephalopathy, but they are closely related to genetic factors. Symptomatic epilepsy is caused by a variety of brain diseases and metabolic disorders, such as congenital diseases, prenatal and perinatal diseases (birth injury is a common cause of epilepsy in infancy), sequelae of febrile convulsions, trauma, infection, poisoning, intracranial tumors, cerebrovascular diseases, nutritional metabolic diseases and so on. There are two symptoms during seizures, namely, generalized seizures and partial seizures. The common forms of generalized seizures can be divided into seven types, namely grand mal, tonic seizures, clonic seizures, absence seizures, flaccid seizures, myoclonic seizures and infantile spasms. The common forms of partial seizures are partial motor seizures and complex partial seizures. Grand seizure is also called generalized tonic-clonic seizure. After the seizure, the patient loses consciousness, sometimes screaming first, then the whole body is stiff, and then the limbs shake rhythmically. Sometimes I stop breathing and turn blue. You may bite your tongue and have incontinence. A major attack usually lasts 1 ~ 3 minutes. After regaining consciousness, the patient may have a severe headache or fall asleep. Children often return to normal quickly. Tonic seizures, manifested as whole body stiffness, can suddenly fall, limbs without rhythm jitter, can also have hands raised, head tilted back, or head turned to one side, accompanied by blue face or blue lips. Clonic seizures are characterized by rhythmic shaking of limbs, head and face, without long-term rigidity of the body. Flaccid seizures are characterized by sudden relaxation of muscles, inability to maintain standing or sitting posture at that time, and unconsciousness on the ground. Sometimes, they only show bow, drooping shoulders, fingers open, and not necessarily falling. Absence seizures are characterized by sudden immobility, but not falling down, straight eyes and a daze. Sometimes the eyelids jump fast or the hands shake slightly. It usually takes about 10 seconds to get back to normal. I'm unconscious. Absence attacks may occur several times to dozens of times a day, up to 1 time a day. Absence seizures are not as obvious as other types of seizures and are easily overlooked. Parents often report that their children's academic performance, especially their math performance, has dropped. Or in a daze during class or dinner, peers report that they suddenly stop playing games inexplicably and automatically return to normal after a few seconds.
Edit the treatment of epilepsy in this paragraph.
Surgical therapy
Implant the inner electrode of the brain pacemaker under the scalp of the patient by surgery, and use the external pulse meter 1-2 times a day 1 time. The external pulser is connected to the electrode implanted in the magnetic field under the scalp, and the electric pulse signal is transmitted to the brain, which plays the role of frequency modulation of the electric field in the brain. The pulse generator is a machine that can regularly output electric waves from the controller. Through daily electrical pulse stimulation and continuous magnetic field frequency modulation, patients' seizures can be controlled. The charging of the pulser can be done in vitro, which does not interfere with the normal life of patients, but the operation process is very painful.
Chinese traditional treatment
① Acupuncture treatment. There are methods such as body acupuncture, scalp acupuncture and acupoint catgut embedding. ② Oral Chinese medicine. Oral Chinese medicine is more, and the effect is not the same. Chinese medicine pays attention to "symptomatic treatment", and the same medicine cannot be suitable for all epilepsy patients, so Chinese medicine treatment should be symptomatic. ③ External use of traditional Chinese medicine. Through venous circulation absorption, treatment.
medicine
① 90-300mg/d phenobarbital is used for grand mal. Sodium valproate 0.6- 1.2/d, carbamazepine 600- 1200mg/d, etc. ② Complex partial seizures: phenytoin sodium 0.2-0.6 times/day, carbamazepine 0.2- 1.2 times/day. ③ Absence seizure: clonazepam 5-25mg/day, diazepam 7.5-40mg/day ... ④ Status epilepticus: Diazepam 10-20mg/ time is preferred.
Edit this paragraph of nursing care of epilepsy.
Epilepsy (commonly known as epilepsy) is a brain dysfunction caused by sudden and short-term excessive discharge of brain cells; Characterized by different obstacles such as movement, feeling, consciousness, autonomic nerve and spirit or both. Clinically, the main manifestations are sudden loss of consciousness, sudden fall, limb twitching, foaming at the mouth or strange barking in the mouth, and he is a normal person when he wakes up. Health comes from exercise. Epilepsy patients should also take part in some sports in daily life to improve their physical fitness, but they should be careful not to take part in strenuous and strenuous sports activities, such as long-distance running, because hyperventilation often occurs during long-distance running, and hyperventilation will lead to respiratory alkalosis in the body due to excessive carbon dioxide discharge, thus inducing epilepsy. Sports such as football and basketball that require a lot of exercise should also be avoided, and exciting games such as bungee jumping and roller coasters should not be played. Diving and swimming are also not suitable, because these events will cause accidents if they are accompanied by epilepsy.
Edit the daily health care measures for epilepsy in this paragraph.
(1) At the initial stage of seizure, the patient should be helped to lie on his side immediately to prevent falling and bumping. (2) Then untie his tie, bra, buttons and belt to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed. (3) Make its head stand on its side, and let saliva and vomit flow out from the outlet as much as possible. (4) If someone wears dentures, please remove them to avoid eating them into the respiratory tract by mistake. (5) Roll the handkerchief into a ball or wrap it with a pair of chopsticks and put it between its upper and lower teeth to prevent the tongue from biting. (6) When convulsing, don't press the patient's limb hard to avoid fracture or sprain. (7) After the attack, if you feel sleepy, try to reduce exercise and let the patient have a proper rest.
Edit this paragraph to see the etiology of epilepsy in traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history of explaining and analyzing the etiology of epilepsy, and the specific contents are scattered in medical classics. To sum up, there are the following points. ① Congenital factors: This understanding is similar to that of western medicine on primary epilepsy. Traditional medical books call it "fetal epilepsy", which means to bring it in during the fetal period. For example, brain hypoplasia, congenital visceral dysfunction and so on. Of course, including genetic factors. 2 diet and daily life factors: refers to careless diet, impermanence of hot and cold, and invasion of cold and heat. For example, eating too much greasy food, overeating, eating too much cold and unsanitary food, etc. , may be the reason. Traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to moderate diet, and thinks that the spleen and stomach are the foundation of the day after tomorrow. The nutrients needed by the human body depend on body fluid and qi and blood, which are all completed by the function of the spleen and stomach. Excessive diet will lead to dereliction of duty, phlegm accumulation, blindness and epilepsy. ③ Mental factors: It is a very important pathogenic factor. Mental stress, sudden fright, long-term depression, excessive excitement, anger, sadness and so on cause mental stimulation and trauma to people, forming the internal environment of the disease. In Huangdi Neijing, it is said that anger is easy to hurt the liver, excessive joy is easy to hurt the spleen, excessive sadness is easy to hurt the lungs, and fear is easy to hurt the kidneys. Excessive mental stimulation will cause disorder of qi in the body, leading to dirty qi, especially sudden panic, which is the direct cause of the disease. ④ Work factors: Job loss is also one of the pathogenic factors. Excessive use of the brain will inevitably lead to brain atrophy and mental malnutrition, and excessive physical labor often makes people physically overdraw. In these cases, the pathogenic factors are easy to invade, because at this time, the human body's disease resistance is minimized. Labor in the classics of traditional Chinese medicine also refers to fornication, which is empty. ⑤ Servant falls and birth injuries: refer to injuries caused by accidents and injuries of children at birth. These injuries are easy to form various internal injuries, especially brain injuries, which will lead to epilepsy if appropriate conditions are met. In addition to the above reasons, Chinese medicine believes that many diseases will turn into epilepsy if they are not treated in time. Why the above items are manifested in the form of epilepsy needs further study.
Edit this paragraph. Is hysteria epilepsy?
Hysteria is not epilepsy, but a neurosis. The so-called neurosis refers to some diseases without organic pathological changes but with nervous system symptoms, including neurasthenia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, phobia, neurotic depression, hypochondria, hysteria and so on. There are various symptoms of hysteria. The most common symptoms are convulsions, inability to speak (much like loss of consciousness), sensory disorders, such as numbness of limbs and loss of glove-like sensation, as well as quadriplegia, hysterical blindness and hearing loss (the author and Bo Muzhen, director of the Otolaryngology Department of the former Chinese Hospital, reported 34 cases of hysterical hearing loss). Hysteria is mainly caused by mental factors, which mostly occurs in people with high suggestibility. A special manifestation of hysteria is mass hysteria. When another highly suggestive person sees someone else's illness, he will also be infected and show the same symptoms. In this sense, hysteria is an infectious disease, so it can be called a mental infectious disease. Hysteria is not epilepsy, epilepsy is what we call epilepsy. Hysteria and epilepsy are two completely different concepts, but epilepsy should be ruled out first for all psychosomatic diseases. The discrimination is also very good, and the EEG can make a diagnosis during the attack. I hope you can go to the local psychiatric clinic. The EEG of epilepsy is changed, but mental illness rarely causes EEG changes.
Edit the type of seizure in this paragraph.
Epilepsy is the common name of epilepsy, also known as epilepsy or epilepsy, and its attack types are summarized as follows:
(1) partial seizure
(localized, focal) 1, simple partial seizure, unconscious disorder (1), motor (localized, focal) (2) sensory (somatic, special sensory) (3) autonomic nervous (4) mental (see complex partial seizure) 2, complex partial seizure (mental
(2) Systemic seizure
(Universality): 1, generalized tonic-clonic seizure (grand seizure) 2, absence seizure (minor seizure) typical or atypical 3, other myoclonic seizures, clonic seizures, tonic seizures and atonic seizures.
(C) Unable to classify
Seizures that cannot be classified or classified into the above categories due to insufficient data: 1, status epilepticus (1), generalized tonic-clonic seizure state (2), absence seizure state (3), complex partial seizure state (4), partial seizure state (2), and seizures that occur under specific circumstances.
Edit this paragraph about epilepsy and liver disease.
People are used to calling epilepsy wind "lamb wind", "epilepsy wind", "pig woman wind" and so on. Although the names are different, they have an obvious feature, that is, they are named according to the intuitive understanding of patients' epilepsy symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that "the liver stores blood", and the function of the liver is to regulate blood and promote the metabolism of the body, which plays a decisive role in the normal functioning of the brain. Liver glory leads to brain health, while liver failure leads to encephalopathy. On the other hand, people's feelings are closely related to the liver. For example, anger is the ambition of the liver, and anger is the imbalance of qi and blood. The disorder of qi and blood tends to rise with the outbreak of liver qi, causing brain lesions, coma, unconsciousness and other symptoms. Neijing says that all kinds of convulsions belong to liver diseases. The following pathological changes of the liver may cause brain lesions and lead to epilepsy: the liver governs the drainage, which plays a key role in regulating cerebral blood flow and dredging qi-flowing, the hyperactivity of liver yang, the movement of wind, the disorder of clearing yang, the reverse movement of phlegm and turbidity, which blinds the mind and causes brain lesions; Stagnation of liver qi, which can not give full play to the function of relieving qi, will lead to emotional disorder, and it is also very easy to turn into evil wind, causing brain diseases such as drowsiness and convulsions.
Edit the common therapies for epilepsy in this paragraph.
Baiju green tea beverage
Ingredients: 3 grams of white chrysanthemum, 3 grams of Sophora japonica and 3 grams of green tea. Usage: put the above three things into a porcelain cup, soak them in boiling water and cover them tightly, and drink for 5 minutes for future generations to drink. Efficacy: Chrysanthemum in the prescription is sweet and bitter, slightly cold, enters the liver meridian, and has the functions of suppressing yang, clearing liver and removing blood stasis. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica says, "Dizziness, swelling and pain, loss of eyesight". The theory of medicinal properties says that it can "treat fever, wind whirling, brain and bone pain". Modern medicine believes that chrysanthemum has the functions of calming, dilating coronary artery and increasing coronary blood flow. Sophora japonica is the Sophora japonica, the bud of Sophora japonica, which tastes bitter and cold, clears liver meridian and clears fire. Green tea is sweet, slightly cold, clearing the liver and purging fire, and awakening the mind. It is suitable for epilepsy caused by excess heat of liver meridian, internal movement of liver wind, invasion of brain by upper body, dizziness or collapse, and blood stasis.
Braised Lycium barbarum with sheep liver
Composition: 90g of sheep liver, 30g of medlar, 0/0g of eriobotrya japonica/kloc-and 0/0g of chrysanthemum morifolium/kloc-. Usage: stew in a pot,/kloc-0 times a day, eat liver and drink soup. Efficacy: Sheep liver tastes sweet and bitter, nourishing liver and blood. Lycium barbarum is sweet, flat, nourishing yin and liver, and improving eyesight. Fine grass dissipates wind and dissipates heat. Chrysanthemum is used for nourishing liver and kidney and resolving phlegm. It is quite effective for patients with long epilepsy and weak liver and kidney.
Mirabilite and radish soup
Composition and usage: Wash radish, cut it into thick slices, and cook it with mirabilite until it is cooked, so that the soup is salty and palatable. Efficacy: mirabilite moistens dryness, softens hardness, purges heat and relaxes bowels. It is an important drug for treating dryness-heat and constipation, and it also purges gunpowder for the heart meridian, which can control heart fire and disturb the heart with phlegm fire. Radish can moisten the intestines to relieve constipation, eliminate phlegm and clear heat, regulate the stomach and slow down the rigidity of mirabilite. It is effective for epilepsy caused by dryness-heat stagnation, constipation, abdominal distension, and phlegm-fire in heart meridian.
Edit this paragraph to prevent epilepsy.
The most reliable way to prevent epilepsy is to take antiepileptic drugs on time and in quantity. Once epilepsy is diagnosed, it is necessary to control the seizure and prevent the recurrence of convulsions. The sooner you treat it, the better. Because the more seizures, the longer the time, which means the enhancement of the original epileptic focus. Some epileptic patients and their families are more worried about the side effects of antiepileptic drugs than the seizure itself. A large number of experiments have proved that Xingnao series drugs have no toxic and side effects, so please feel free to take them. I'd rather have a few seizures than take medicine. In fact, the damage caused by a seizure is many times that of western antiepileptic drugs. In addition, we should also prevent the causes and inducing factors of epilepsy, such as head trauma, brain infection, systemic inflammation, pregnancy infection, consanguineous marriage, drinking, smoking, high fever during pregnancy, severe shock and so on. If both people are diagnosed with epilepsy, they should avoid getting married and having children. (The risk of children suffering from epilepsy is 2% to 4%) For patients with chronic epilepsy, we should not only insist on taking antiepileptic drugs on time according to the doctor's advice, but also avoid inducing factors, such as drinking, fatigue, overeating, sleep deprivation, depression, infection, cold and fever.
Edit the principle of medication after seizure in this paragraph.
Modern surgical treatment of epilepsy is mainly to accurately locate the epileptogenic focus by high-tech means, surgically remove the causes of intractable epilepsy, such as brain tumor, vascular malformation, abnormal discharge focus, etc., and block the conduction pathway of abnormal discharge of nerve cells, so as to eradicate or alleviate epilepsy. Through surgical treatment, more than 70-90% of intractable epilepsy is expected to have no seizures or fewer seizures. However, after surgical treatment, epilepsy patients still need to take medicine for more than two years. First, due to the long time of recurrent epilepsy, the abnormal discharge is scattered, and after the primary focus is removed, there may still be abnormal discharge in other parts; Second, after surgical treatment, brain function is temporarily out of balance. A period of time after surgery is a period of high incidence of epilepsy, which may occur frequently and need drug control, and will gradually stabilize in the future. After taking the medicine for two years, if there is no attack, you can slowly reduce the medicine until you stop taking it. Commonly used antiepileptic drugs include phenytoin sodium, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, sodium valproate and so on. Its application should be selected by doctors according to the type of attack, and patients should not take medicine by themselves to avoid adverse consequences. Long-term application of these drugs can produce certain toxic and side effects, but in different preparations, it can improve the curative effect and reduce the toxic and side effects. For example, compared with ordinary carbamazepine tablets, the side effects caused by rotenol are obviously reduced, and the effect of epilepsy control is obviously improved. In recent years, some new drugs have been used in clinic, such as oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine and topiramate. Although these drugs have the advantages of wide antiepileptic spectrum, high safety and few adverse reactions, the long-term efficacy, long-term toxicity and side effects need further observation. However, new antiepileptic drugs are far from ideal antiepileptic drugs. The following points should be paid attention to in postoperative medication of epilepsy: (1) Drug selection According to the preoperative medication, choose commonly used and safe drugs. For example, if there is too much medication before operation and the dosage is too large, it will not occur for a period of time. Under the guidance of a doctor, the dosage can be reduced or reduced to minimize the toxicity and side effects of antiepileptic drugs. (2) If there is an attack after operation, when a single drug is ineffective, it can be combined with drugs, and attention should be paid to the synergy or antagonism between drugs. ⑶ Take medicine regularly and for a long time, and generally take antiepileptic drugs for at least 2 years. Take it for another 2 years after complete control, and gradually reduce it under the guidance of a doctor. (4) The increase or decrease of drug dosage or drug replacement should be carried out gradually, and the drug should not be stopped suddenly, and it should be carried out under the guidance of a doctor. 5. Safety: The blood drug concentration should be monitored to keep it within a safe and effective concentration range, so as to control epilepsy and avoid toxic and side effects as much as possible.