Originally, living in groups was an essential element of the patriarchal society in ancient China. Without families, where would you come from, where would you come from? However, we find that it is not in the birthplace of the Chinese nation but in southern provinces such as Fujian and Guangdong that this mode of living together is pushed to the extreme. As long as we go to the Yellow River valley for sightseeing or sightseeing, we will find that most of the villages there are small villages, usually more than a dozen households and hundreds of households, and villages with more than 1, people are big villages. The reason is that from ancient times to modern times, these areas have long been contested by military strategists, and the people have suffered from war and famine. It is difficult for the people to live in the same place and village for a long time, and it is common for them to flee and move. Therefore, although the villages are ancient, the population is sparse, and the villagers come from all directions, and their surnames are mixed. Although there are also villages with mixed surnames in Chaoshan area, the main body of them is a family name, or a surname is dominant, accompanied by other surnames. This has been discussed in the previous article, and the phenomenon of living together in Chaoshan area is even worse than that in Central Plains area for the following reasons: < P > First, after the Ming Dynasty, Chaoshan rural areas were relatively stable;
second, the immigrants who moved south have a sense of clan identity, and when they arrive at a certain migration place, they are used to being close to the same clan;
Third, the surname with a small population changes to the surname with a large population, hoping to get asylum;
Fourth, Chaoshan area has mild climate, fertile land, easy survival and rapid population development.
In this way, one right and one wrong have resulted in the living mode of the vast rural areas in Chaoshan area, especially in plain areas, where most people live in groups, and many of them are not small villages, but large villages with thousands of people or even tens of thousands of people, and it is a common phenomenon that thousands of people live together with the same surname. Therefore, in Chaoshan area, when people mention a certain area, they will take some examples as mentioned above: they often put a surname on the place name, such as Guan Daiji, Sha Wei Li, Yuepu She and Waishaxie in Shantou; Dongjin Liu, Liu Longliu, Guo Longguo and Xue Longxue from Chaozhou; Hongyangfang and Guolongzhuang in Puning; Zhou Tianhuang from Huilai; Yin Sha Chen and Ba Tou Wang in Chenghai; Shangbaozhang and Jinpuzheng in Chaoyang; Gao Tang Wu of Raoping; Yang Qiyang and Jing Gangsun from Jieyang; Jiexi's Hongjianghou, Qiankenglin and so on are numerous. Interestingly, in a big country with a dominant surname, there is no bullying phenomenon against the weak groups living in the village. Not only that, but people who live in the village or have one or two families with more than three outdoor surnames are taken care of. For example, the Zhang family in Longcheng, Chenghai, with a population of over 1, people, has lived with one or two families surnamed Yang for a long time. In their ancestral halls, both Zhang's ancestor who entered the tide and Yang's ancestor God are worshipped. According to legend, this means auspiciousness and harmony (according to Chaoshan homophonic JASON ZHANG, it is "proof", because there is a saying in Chaoshan dialect called "proof", which means that there is a way, a way and success; On the other hand, "no proofs" is not good. Therefore, I don't know when or who suggested that anyone who lives in a village inhabited by Zhang's surname will buy one or two Yang's families to live in and treat them well, so as to get a good omen of "being kind (Yang) Zhang". In-depth analysis, it embodies the traditional virtue of China people's "not bullying the weak" and the ancient philosophical concept of seeking harmony.
We say that all surnames in Chaoshan area push the traditional concept of living together with ethnic groups to the extreme, which means that in Chaoshan area, due to its unique natural environment and unique human environment, on the basis of living together with ethnic groups, it has further expanded and developed to form a cluster-like residential zone, which is really worth reading. Our Chinese people moved all the way south, crossed the Yellow River, crossed the Yangtze River, entered Jiangxi, entered Fujian, and then entered Guangdong. Along the way, some scattered, some collective arrived smoothly, and after arriving at the destination, they managed to reunite. The collective arrived happily and dispersed, and each of them started their own business. Everything seemed so orderly. Relative reunion and relative dispersion are the basic layout of Chaoshan surnames. As long as you have a page of Chaoshan surnames atlas at hand, you can find that most of the villages in that area are inhabited by people with Huang surnames, and this area is the residential area of people with Lin surnames ... But they are not crowded together, but scattered like chess ... All this is long-term, formed between conscious and unconscious. I am afraid that only the Chinese nation can achieve this spirit and cohesion in the world. This phenomenon can't be said to exist only in Chaoshan, but because of the high population density in Chaoshan, it reached 884 people/square kilometer in 1987, which is one of the regions with the highest population density in China. Therefore, several other villages in the country all share the same surname, adding up to only a few hundred people and a thousand people, and it is extremely rare to have more than 1, people. In the Chaoshan area, especially in the plain area of Chaoshan, the village of ten thousand people has not become news. For example, in Chenghai, a small area, there are 23 natural villages with a population of more than 1, (including 6 quasi-1, villages), while in Chaoyang and Puning, which are slightly larger, there are 81 villages (including 11 quasi-1, villages) and 6 villages (including 9 quasi-1, villages), and the villages with 2, people in Chaopu are also uncountable, including 14 villages with 2, people in Chaoyang and 8 villages with more than 3, people. There are as many as nine townships with 2, people in Puning. Due to the overpopulation of one village, it has to be divided into two, three or even more. For example, Guandai Township in Shantou was originally a large township with a surname of Ji. After liberation, it was split into three street towns: Longxiang, Xinjin and Zhuchi. Xikou Village, Linxi Town, Chaozhou, turned out to be a natural village, and the population of all natural villages is surnamed Liu. Due to the large population and large village, it has now been divided into eight administrative villages from Xikou to Xikou, with a population of more than 2,. This is not surprising. What is even more surprising is that Longxiang Street in longhu district, Shantou is almost a "Ji surname town", and the population of Ji surname in the whole street town accounts for more than 8%. Therefore, longhu district, Shantou is the largest gathering place of Ji clan in Chaoshan. In history, there are 21 old ancestral halls with Ji clan in the whole region, accounting for nearly two-thirds of the ancestral halls with Ji clan in Chaoshan, excluding the conversion of the husband's hall into a new ancestral hall in recent years. Jinpu Street in Chaoyang District of Shantou is simply a "Zheng Town", in which there are five administrative districts with more than 1, people, and several administrative districts or neighborhood committees (in fact, natural villages) with Zheng family names ranging from 6, to 7,, 3, to 5,. There are also three natural villages in Shalong Town with more than 1, Zheng family names, and there are nearly 1 villages with less than 5, people and more than 1, people. No wonder the Zheng family in Chaoyang replaced Lin, ranking second in Chaoyang. This situation is everywhere. There is a Xinan town in Chenghai. When the census was conducted in 1985, the total population of the town was more than 6,, but the surname of Chen was nearly 5,! The reason is that among the 21 natural villages in the town, there are 13 natural villages where people named Chen live together, commonly known as "Chen in Jinsha 13 Township", and many people named Chen live together with his surname in other villages. In Raoping's san rao area, there are more than 3 villages where Huang people live in groups, which are strewn at random between the mountains and mountains and the ocean, forming an area where Huang people live in concentration. Although the number of each village varies, the total area of this group-style residential zone is the first in Chaoshan area, and its total number is more than 1,. In Jieyang, known as the "half-forest county", it shows that Jieyang has a large population of Lin surname. In 1984, the statistics were nearly 16,, accounting for 12% of the county's total population. There are not only many villages where Lin surnames live together, but also dozens of villages have established their hometown in Jieyang, which is a "lying carp-shaped" area, and have produced offspring, forming a densely populated residential zone with Lin surnames. In the old Jieyang County, there are also settlements with more than 1, people, including Zheng in Zoutang 18 Township of Didu Town, Xie around Taoshan 18 in Paotai Town, Wu in Nanchao Xinzhai Qingxi, Cai in Shipai Xialong Polin Puzai, Yang in Yangqi Shiba Village of Denggang, Lin in Wuxianglin, Wu in Longsha 18 Township of Quxi, and Xie in Laotao Xintao of Yunlu.
can this cultural phenomenon be called "unique" in China? At least it is extremely rare. There are dozens of villages, dozens of villages, tens of thousands of people and hundreds of thousands of people living in a certain area in clusters. The reasons for its formation are patriarchal and economic, and it is also related to the high population density in Chaoshan area. It should be admitted that this phenomenon of one village and one surname living in groups, born and raised in Sri Lanka from generation to generation, and singing in Sri Lanka also cries in Sri Lanka is a double-edged sword, which has both advantages and disadvantages, which will be analyzed later. In Chaoshan village, some small and medium-sized villages with less than 1, people are more famous than some large settlements with 1, people but lack of bright spots. These small villages are well-known and basically have the following characteristics like some super-large villages:
First, some intangible cultural heritage is the birthplace or the place where the cultural heritage is developed! Such as Xianliao Village in Puning, because singing and dancing is outstanding; Another example is Fengjiao Village, Chenghai, which founded the Chaozhou Opera "Zhongzhengshun" troupe, and Longsha Ancient Village, Jieyang, which is also characterized by its unique folk customs, such as "Saida Pig" in Guanshan Village, Chenghai, the unique and grand Yuanxiao Night Wandering God in Shiqiaotou, Puning (namely "Master Ying") and "Cockfighting" in Tucheng, Chenghai on the 19th of the first month.
Second, the past was once brilliant, with relics preserved, such as Chengyanggang in Chaozhou, Qianmei Village in Chenghai, Longhuzhai in Chaozhou, Deanli in Hongyang, Qiankeng Village in Jiexi, Xiangpu Village in Chaozhou, Daoyun Building in Raoping, and so on.
Third, some famous historical events happened here, so when the story was put on the major media, the village name was also brought in. For example, Nanpo Town in Puning: In 1278, when Emperor Min of Song Dynasty was defeated and fled south, a "Southern New Town" was built here, called "Nancheng". Later, it was renamed "Nanpo City" because of the "sinking" of the Song Emperor's lying ground (of course, the fame of this place also has a great relationship with the production of many celebrities: from here came Kong Mai, the former secretary general of the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television, and Kong Quan, the former assistant foreign minister, etc., and another example is the slaughter of Chenghai Outing Village by the rest of Zheng Chenggong in the early Qing Dynasty, Longhu "Niu Tianyang" famous for the vicious and ruthless VIOLA typhoon in 1969, and "Yang Deyi"
Fourth, people are outstanding and talented, such as Mazha Village in Puning, where celebrities are like Huang Tianpeng, the founder of the first journalism journal in China. Huang Ziming, the world watch king and the richest man in Thailand; Chinese businessman Luo Zhiqing; The first president of French Chaozhou Club, the current honorary president of French Chaozhou Club, honorary president of hipsters' overseas friendship association, consultant of China Jinan University's overseas friendship association, Chinese billionaire Huang Qingtian, etc., and another example is South Xudi, Shantou, where celebrities such as anti-British hero Xu Xiangguang, founder of the Revolution of 1911 Xu Chongzhi, academic and political celebrity Xu Mengbang, revolutionary pioneer Xu Zhuo, farmer leader Xu Huairen, Mr. Lu Xun's wife Xu Guangping, famous educator and former president of Sun Yat-sen University have emerged in modern times.
5. Thanks to nature, the scenery is charming, such as the ice mortar landscape of Qinglan Village in Raoping, Wan Shanhong in Raoping (Green Island Tourism Villa), Shen 'ao Fishing Village in South Australia (Haishan Fishing Village), Cukeng Village in Jingxi Garden, Shenxi Township in Xiancheng ...
6. As a strategic place, the most important thing is to promote Nan 'ao Island, which used to belong to the same category. In addition, there are: Shijing in Chaoyang, which guards the main road of Rongjiang River, Puning Xikeng, the command center of the three Nanshan red base areas in Chaopu, Huilai Jinghai Station, Senior Wei, Shenxi Township, the red homeland of Chaoyang, Phoenix Kangmei, the only place to go south to the Chaoshan Plain, and the military strategist who captured Chaozhou Prefecture will strive to Raoping Yingzhou, etc.
Seventh, the economy is prosperous and stable, the society is developing harmoniously, and people's lives are well-off. Such as Chaonan Xiashan Village, Chendian Caowei Village, Gurao Shangbao Village, Zhanlongzhan Chencun Village, Hongyang Qigang Village, Liaoyuan Nigou Village, Jingdu Shijia Village, etc. In addition, although the economy of Kuikeng Township in Xinfeng, Raoping is average, the society is stable and harmonious, and the infrastructure construction in the village, including education, medical care and old-age care, comes from the people, especially the support of the "Kwai Hang Association". The people live and work in peace and contentment, reciprocate, and strive for progress! This is very commendable!
Eight, indigenous specialties, which come from nature, such as Chaozhou Houlong red sweet potato, Chaozhou Phoenix Dan Cong, Puning Meilin's green plum, Jiexi Phoenix Lake's olive, Jieyang Zoutang's green pear, Chaozhou Zhanglin's linling, Chaoyang Neilai Wusu Yangmei, etc., which come from Chaoshan people's "exquisite work", such as Chaoshan specialty's dried bean curd in Puning Guangnan Village and Chaozhou An. According to the geographical environment, production and living conditions, the ancestors chose the site to create villages and settle down. Form a settlement and name the village. These village names are historical fossils, rich in natural and cultural information and the history of rise and fall, and there are many vivid and interesting stories among them. Please click on the hyperlink: Chaoshan Village Interesting Talk.
the following is the main summary of the causes of place names in Chaoshan area (of course, there are other reasons)
(1) Abandoning customs and obeying elegant place names
The so-called "abandoning customs and obeying elegance" can be found everywhere, such as "Xiawei" village in Chao 'an County, which writes "gorgeous". The word "Huamei" is very typical in Chaoshan. Almost all spoken place names are called "Xiax" or "Xxia", and many places in Chaoshan are written as "Hua×" or "X Hua". The "tail" is written as "beauty" In addition to "gorgeous", Xiabu Village in Chenghai City is written as "Huafu Village", Xiajiao once wrote "Huajiao", Xiapu wrote "Huabu", Puwei wrote "Pumei", and Weidai wrote "Meidai" and "Meidai".
there is a "Lingting" in the southwest of Chengcheng, formerly known as "Lingding". There is "Shanjia" village in the east of the city, or "Shankeng", but it is written as "Xianju Village".
There is a "Xiafeiyu" in South Australia, formerly known as "Xiaweiyu", which is named after the island looks like a shrimp tail. Later, the homonym was used as "Xiafei". Morning glow and sunset glow, how elegant it is to fly!
(II) Place names of people and events
Place names named after people or events refer to those place names that have reliable materials to prove and are related to some people and historical events, which are obviously different from the third kind of historical legend place names to be discussed below.
Nanhui Village, Lianshang Town, Chenghai, now belongs to Lianshang Town, with two original villages, namely Beili Village and Beizhu Village. In 1943, they merged, taking the "south" of Nanshan Gong, the ancestor of North Li, and the "emblem" of Hui Guogong, the ancestor of North Zhu, as the "south emblem". Most of the villagers in Jianyang Village are surnamed Chen, formerly known as "Chen CuO". In 1938, they were renamed "Jianyang" after their ancestor, Jianyang Gong. There are "Hongshan Sixteen Villages" in Long 'ao Township, South Australia. In the early days of liberation, Dongshan Brigade built a farm in Hongshanzai, and organized 16 young women to camp here, called "Sixteen Girls of Hongshan", and later referred to as "Sixteen Girls of Hongshan".
(3) Historical legend place names
Historical legend place names refer to those place names that are related to historical legends but have no historical records to prove. These places