Wei Zifu (2nd century BC - 90 BC), whose name has not been verified, courtesy name Zifu, was born in Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi) in the Han Dynasty of China, the second queen of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and the same mother of Wei Qing Half-sister.
The year of Wei Zifu’s birth is unknown. His mother, Wei Yu, was a maid in Pingyang Hou’s mansion, and she was a singer in Pingyang Hou Cao’s mansion and Princess Pingyang’s mansion. When Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited Princess Pingyang's home, he found her beautiful and beautiful. He came to see her that night and brought her and Wei Qing into the palace together. This was the spring of the second year of Jianyuan (139 BC).
According to the "Book of Han" records, after Wei Zifu entered the palace for more than a year, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty no longer favored her. Emperor Wu arranged for the palace people to leave the palace. Wei Zifu was able to see Emperor Wu again, and he cried and asked to come out. Emperor Wu was very fond of her and favored her again. Wei Zifu became pregnant and gave birth to three daughters, who were favored. Queen Chen's mother, Princess Liu Piao of Guantao, heard that she was favored and sent people to capture Wei Qing. Fortunately, Wei Qing was saved by Gongsun Ao and the warriors, and was able to survive. After Emperor Wu heard about it, he called Wei Qing to be the supervisor of the Jian Zhang Chapter and the Attendant, and the reward he received accumulated to a thousand gold in a few days. Gongsun Ao also became more noble as a result, and Wei Zifu was named Madam, with a status in the harem second only to the queen.
In the autumn of the fifth year of Yuanguang (130 BC), Queen Chen was deposed due to witchcraft, and her position was vacant. In the first year of Yuanshuo (128 BC), Wei Zifu gave birth to a son, Liu Zhi, and was made queen. In the first year of Yuanshou (122 BC), Liu Zheng was established as the crown prince.
Wei Zifu gradually grew old and faded, and lost the favor of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Mrs. Wang, Mrs. Li, Yin Jieyu, and Zhao Jieyu were successively favored. In addition, Wei Qing and Huo Qubing died successively, and the Wei family's status increased. Dangerous. In the third year of Zhenghe (90 BC), Wei Zifu supported the prince in the witchcraft incident. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ordered the confiscation of the queen's seal and the destruction of the Wei family. Wei Zifu hanged himself in despair. Buried in Tongbai outside Chang'an City.
After her only surviving great-grandson Emperor Xuan Liu Xun ascended the throne, he posthumously named Wei Zifu Queen Si. He buried her with empress rites again, built a garden to guard her, and after Emperor Xuan's power became more powerful, she was promoted to empress Si. The size of the cemetery was changed, and the number of tomb guards was expanded from the original three hundred to one thousand. Tongbai is the east of the north-south avenue outside Fu'angmen of Chang'an City. The reburial written in the Han Dynasty only refers to the re-burial with posthumous rites, and does not change the burial location.
Wei Zifu was the empress of Emperor Wu for 38 years and was the second longest-reigning empress in Chinese history (the first was Empress Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty). Wei Zifu was also the first empress in Chinese history to have a unique posthumous title - Empress Si (posthumous title: "moral purity"). After her, the empresses of all dynasties also began to describe themselves after their husband's posthumous title. independent posthumous title.
Wei Zifu and Emperor Wu gave birth to three daughters and one son. Except for Liu Ju, the three women are unknown. According to "Historical Records Suoyin" written by Sima Zhen of the Tang Dynasty, the three women were Princess Wei, Princess Shiyi, and Princess Zhuyi. In the early Tang Dynasty, Yan Shigu stated in the annotation of "Han Shu" that both Princess Yangshi and Princess Zhuyi were the daughters of Wei Zifu. Princess Yangshi is also known as Princess Deyi. There is currently no evidence to prove that she and Princess Shiyi are the same person. One of the two statements must be wrong, or both may be wrong.
Zhuyi, Princess Yangshi and Liu Ju all died in the witchcraft incident. There are no records of the Wei Chief and Princess Shiyi dying from witchcraft. Because the birth time of the princess is unknown, it is impossible to know the ranking of the four.
The great-grandson of Princess Wei Chang's husband Cao Xiang was renamed Marquis of Pingyang during the reign of Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty. This title continued until the Eastern Han Dynasty. During the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, Cao of Pingyang was granted the title of Marquis of Pingyang.
Liu Bing, the grandson of Liu Ju, had survived the witchcraft (he was under one year old at the time). After spending several years in prison, he lived among the people. At the age of 18, he was assisted by Huo Guang and became emperor, that is, Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty.
Wei Zifu’s mother, Wei Yu, had a son and three daughters. The eldest son Wei Changjun, the eldest daughter Wei Ru (recorded as Wei Junru in the "Book of Han", Gongsun He's wife), the second daughter Wei Shaoer (the mother of Huo Qubing), and the third daughter Wei Zifu. Later, he and Zheng Ji gave birth to a son, Wei Qing, and later they had two sons, Wei Bu and Wei Guang (or Wei Buguang alone).
Concubine Wei's identity is recorded as "Concubine" of Marquis Pingyang in "Historical Records", and as "Concubine" of Marquis Pingyang in "Hanshu". Concubine can refer to female slaves in the pre-Qin and Qin-Han Dynasties, and is not the same as concubine in modern Chinese. His younger brother Wei Qing described his identity as "born as a slave." According to "Historical Records", Wei Zifu's "family name was Wei's". It can be seen that the surname Wei came from Wei Zifu's biological father, and "媛" is a title used for women. Wei Wei's identity should be a slave of the Pingyang Hou family.
In addition, in "Pingyanghou's concubine", Pingyanghou may refer to Cao Shi. During the reign of Emperor Taizu of the Han Dynasty, Cao Shen was granted the title of Marquis of Pingyang and became the first generation of Marquis of Pingyang.
In October of the sixth year of Emperor Hui of the Han Dynasty, Cao Cheng became the second generation Pingyang Marquis. In the 20th year of Emperor Wen of the Han Dynasty (160 BC), Cao Qi became the third generation Pingyang Marquis. In the fourth year of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty (154 BC), Cao Shi was the fourth generation Pingyang Marquis. His sister Wei Shao'er's identity is clear. She was a waiter in the home of Hou Cao Shi in Pingyang.
"Historical Records·Aristocratic Family": Queen Wei's courtesy name is Zifu.
"Book of Han·Biography of Wife": Queen Xiaowuwei's courtesy name is Zifu.
"Historical Records·Volume 111·Biography of General Wei's Hussars" In the spring of the second year of Jianyuan, Qing's sister and her husband entered the palace and were lucky enough to be married.
"Hanshu Volume 55 Biography of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing 25" Wei's eldest daughter Junru, the second daughter is young and beautiful, and the second daughter is a son-in-law. Zihu's male brothers, Bu Guang, are both of the Wei family.
"Historical Records·Volume 111·Biography of General Wei Qiaoqi" His father Zheng Ji was an official and served the Hou family in Pingyang.
"Book of Han, Volume 55, Biography of Wei Qing and Huo Qubing, 25" Ji had a close relationship with Wei Qing, a child of his master's family, and gave birth to Qing.
"Historical Records·Volume 111·Biography of General Wei's Hussars" "Historical Records·Volume 049·Aristocratic Family" Qingxiao said: "It is enough to live as a slave without whipping and scolding, and to be granted the title of marquis What happened!"
"Historical Records·Volume 049·Aristocratic Family" Queen Wei's courtesy name was Zifu, and she was born in a small age. His family name was Wei, and he came out of Pingyang Houyi.
"Hanshu Volume 68: Huo Guang, Jin Rixiu's Biography, Thirty-Eight" The father of the middle child, a native of Pingyang, Hedong, worked as a county official for the Pingyang Hou family, and had an affair with the waiter Wei Shaoer. sick.
On the Shangsi Festival in the second year of Jianyuan (139 BC), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty Liu Che went to Princess Pingyang's house. During the banquet, Wei Zifu, the admirer of Pingyang Hou Mansion, was the only one who pleased her. She brought him into the palace.
In the third year of Jianyuan (138 BC), Wei Zifu became pregnant. Fortunately, this later aroused the jealousy of Empress Chen. Princess Guantao wanted to kill Wei Qing to vent her anger on her daughter. After it was revealed, Emperor Wu was furious and Wei Zifu She was named Madam (the Madam was the concubine second only to the Queen, and Empress Dowager Dou was still alive at the time), which made the Wei family famous.
In the first year of Yuanshuo (128 BC), Wei Zifu, who had given birth to three daughters, gave birth to the emperor's eldest son Liu Ju. On Jiazi Day in the third month of spring, Wei Zifu was made queen and granted a general amnesty. The world. Today we can still see the imperial edict through "Hanshu" and other historical materials.
In the first year of Yuanshou (122 BC), Liu Ju, the eldest son of the emperor, was established as the prince and granted a general amnesty to the world.
In the second year of Zhenghe (91 BC), the traitor Jiang Chong, the eunuch Su Wen and others deliberately created a witchcraft case to frame the prince Liu Ju and others. The prince was forced to rebel, and was defeated and committed suicide. Wei Zifu was angered by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty because he supported the prince. He could not understand himself and committed suicide. Buried in Tongbai.
In the first year of Yuanping of Emperor Zhao (74 BC), seventeen years after the death of Wei Zifu, her great-grandson Liu Xun ascended the throne as Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. Later, Liu Xun re-buried Wei Zifu with the etiquette that a queen should have. He gave his posthumous title of "Si" and built a garden to house Zhou Wei. Known as Empress Xiaowu and Weisi in history.
Si Zhe, "Posthumous Law" says: Moral purity means Si. Dao is great and virtue is one. Zhaomin of the great province said, "I think." Be kind to the people without killing. Thinking outside and inside is called Si. Say good things. Regret the past and think about it. Think and you can change.
Tongbai is opposite Changle Weiyang Palace, which is to the east of the north-south avenue outside Fu'angmen in Chang'an City where Emperor Xuan was later reburied after he ascended the throne. Emperor Xuan's later "reburial" was only to rebury him with empress etiquette, build a tall tomb and set up a cemetery, and set up Zhou guards, but did not move the burial.
Wei Zifu was the Empress of Emperor Wu for 38 years and was the second longest-reigning empress in Chinese history. The first was Empress Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty. ?