An overview of famous Chinese stones and common stone types
Stones come from mountains and stones come out of water. Our country has a vast territory, complex and diverse geological structures, and abundant ornamental stone resources. There are stones everywhere in the famous mountains, rivers, lakes and seas of the motherland. Since ancient times, Chinese people have had an indissoluble bond with stones.
People in ancient times had stones that the ancients played with, and people today have stones that people today play with. Du Wan of the Song Dynasty wrote "Yunlin Stone Book", which listed 116 kinds of stones based on his personal experience. How many stones do people play with today? Geologists tell us: There are many! Due to the barrier of time and space and poor information
many stones are no longer known, let alone seen. Some stones are still recognized as famous stones. We can see the weight of these stones!
The so-called famous stones have their own time and region. It was a famous stone at that time, but it may not be this time. It was not a famous stone at that time, but it may be this time. What is considered a famous stone there may not be considered valuable here, and vice versa. In addition to other factors such as culture, customs, and people's sentiments, it becomes even more difficult to say. A says that Lingbi is the best in the world, B says that Liuzhou's stones are the best in the world, and C says that Chaozhou wax stone is the best. The world. That depends on the level of recognition. Nowadays, the stone appreciation community recognizes Lingbi Stone, Taihu Stone, Yingshi and Kunshi as the four famous stones in China. I am afraid these are the four most vital ornamental stones. There is a stone book that proposes the top ten famous stones in China that have been recognized since ancient times. On the basis of the four famous stones, Shi Zhongshan Stone (Jiangxi), Daozhou Stone (Hunan), Qingzhou Stone (Shandong), Linli Stone (Henan) are added. ), Kaishi and Changshan Stone (Zhejiang). And it is predicted that the new famous stones in modern times may be Hunan peach blossom stone, Xinjiang sheep liver blood stone, Hubei crane stone, Hunan chrysanthemum stone, Guangdong green stone, Guizhou purple robe jade belt stone, male essence stone, cinnabar stone, Sichuan lapis lazuli and Shandong Laoshan green stone. ***Ten kinds of famous stones.
The author is a layman and does not dare to say what famous stones are. He only gives an overview of the types of stones in various places. The following is an overview of four "surfaces", two "lines" and several "points". The four sides are the four corners of China: southwest, southeast, northwest, and northeast. The two lines are the Yangtze River and Yellow River basins. Several points are distributed among them.
The southwest focuses on Guangxi, including Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangdong. Guangxi has Duoqi mountains and beautiful waters, and is rich in ornamental stone resources, which are widely distributed in urban and rural areas of Bagui. It can be said that if there are mountains and rivers, there must be stones. Liuzhou, Guilin, and Nanning all have active strange stone cultural atmospheres and strange stone markets, and all three places have their own local stone species. In particular, Liuzhou has the largest number of stone types and the largest output, and the four major ornamental elements of shape, color, and pattern are particularly distinctive. There are about fifty or sixty kinds of strange stones in Guangxi including inkstones, nephelites, stalactites, Taihu stones, weathered stones, melaleuca stones, pebbles, fossils, gallstones, and wax stones. Among them, stalactites, inkstones, large fossils, painted pottery stones, guest stones, caohua stones, nephelites, and high-grade pebbles are more famous. Liuzhou has held the "China's Second Stone Appreciation Exhibition" (1994) and the "International Strange Stone Festival". The saying that "Liuzhou's unique rocks are the best in the world" has gradually been recognized by people. Liuzhou is one of the five largest strange stone markets in the country.
The dotstone in Dali, Yunnan has long been a famous stone, and has been mined privately for more than a thousand years. In addition to stone paintings, there are also ornamental stones in natural forms. There are also Jinshajiang pebbles in Suijiang County in Yunnan, which are particularly rich in color; Yulong Mountain Stone, limestone (English-like stone), is very beautiful. The author has seen this kind of stone in Chaozhou Strange Stone Market.
The more famous ornamental stones in Guizhou include Guizhou bluestone, Panjiang strange stone, and purple robe jade belt stone. The strange stones in Panjiang include exquisite ones, pictographic ones, strange ones, mountainous ones and strip-shaped ones. Features exquisite and weird categories. The Purple Robe Jade Belt Stone is produced in the Fanjing Mountain area in northeastern Guizhou.
It is snow-green purple with white jade texture in the middle and a pleasant silk luster. It has an ancient and unique style. Some people predict it will be a famous stone in the future. Guizhou bluestone was praised for its "unique style" at the "Fourth China Stone Appreciation Exhibition" (1999, Zibo City, Shandong Province). Guizhou is also famous for its various fossils
. Such as Guizhou dragon fossils, Haibaihui fossils, coral fossils, tree fossils, etc.
The more famous ornamental stones in Guangdong include ancient and modern quartzite, yellow wax stone, Yangchun malachite and Guangning jade.
The southeast focuses on Jiangsu, including Anhui, Zhejiang, and Fujian.
There are several famous stones in Jiangsu. Taihu Stone, Kun Stone and Yuhua Stone are collectively known as the three famous stones in Jiangsu. Taihu stone, Kun stone, Anhui Lingbi stone and Guangdong Ying stone are collectively known as China's four famous stones. They are all included in the "Yunlin Stone Book" and are well-known at home and abroad. Luliang Stone and Bamboo Leaf Stone are famous stones in Xuzhou. Xuzhou also has the "half-mountain mountain" of Lingbi stone. Lingbi County is adjacent to Xuzhou. It belonged to Xuzhou in ancient times, and now half of the mountain range belongs to Xuzhou. Xuzhou has no less Lingbi stones than Lingbi County. Nanjing's Qixia Stone was well received at the "Fourth China Stone Appreciation Exhibition" for its "profound artistic conception". Xuzhou held the "Third China Stone Appreciation Exhibition" (1996). Nanjing is one of the five largest strange stone markets in the country.
The Lingbi Stone in Anhui Province is known as "the best stone in the world". In addition to the Lingbi Stone, Anhui also has some more well-known stones. For example, the Wuwei Army Stone (Chaohu Stone, Taihu Stone) was called Brother Stone by Mi Fu in the Song Dynasty, and he was worshiped with clothes and crowns, and was praised in ancient and modern times. There are also various stone types such as Chaohu scattered soldier stone, Huainan tortoise stone, Xuanzhou snow stone and so on.
Zhejiang is famous for producing Chang fossils in history. Ornamental stones are also included in the "Yunlin Stone Book". As mentioned earlier, two of the top ten famous stones are Kaishi Stone and Changshan Stone produced in Quzhou, Zhejiang.
The more famous ornamental stone in Fujian is the Jiulong Bishi.
The northeast is focused on Shandong, including Hebei, Beijing and the three northeastern provinces.
Shandong Province is also a province of strange rocks. There are hundreds of kinds of stones. It is mainly produced in the Yimeng Mountain area, mainly made of rocks, and Linqu is a main production area. There are also sea stones. The most famous ones are Zibo aragonite, Laoshan green stone, Qicai stone (also called Linqu colorful stone), Feixian Tianjing stone, Linqu red silk stone, bamboo stone and Changdao ball stone. There are also Xingshan Stone, Xu Gong Stone, Xuelang Stone, Zaohua Stone, Zijin Stone, Taihu Stone, Money Stone, Tortoise Stone, etc.
Linqu City is one of the five largest strange stone markets in the country. Zibo City hosted the "Fourth China Stone Appreciation Exhibition" (1999).
I don’t know much about the strange rocks in Hebei Province. The epidote in Handan City is green, translucent or opaque, with a firm texture and glass luster. The chicken bone stone in Chengde City and the Taihang Mountains is composed of blade-shaped stone corners and stone squares. It has thousands of holes and holes. The holes are connected through holes. The stone tendons are like bones. People have a sense of transcendence.
The ornamental stones in Beijing include Xuanyuan Stone (also called Beichen Stone), Chrysanthemum Stone, and Fangshan Taihu Stone in the west of Beijing. In the Summer Palace, there is a piece of Fangshan Taihu Stone from Ming Dynasty that was written by Emperor Qianlong himself.
The ornamental stones in the three northeastern provinces are famous for agate stones, tree fossils and biological fossils. Liaoning sea silica appeared on the stone altar for the first time and was exhibited at the "Fourth China Stone Appreciation Exhibition". There is also Xiuyu stone.
The northwest focuses on Inner Mongolia, including Gansu, Qinghai, and Xinjiang. This area is famous in the stone appreciation community for producing various types of Gobi stones.
Inner Mongolia is rich in stone appreciation resources. According to geologist Mr. Li Haifu, more than 100 types of stones have been identified. Inner Mongolia Gobi stone is mainly produced in the area from Alxa to Bayannur in western Inner Mongolia. The main stone types include jasper agate stone, grape agate stone, chrysanthemum stone, honeycomb stone, topaz, melaleuca stone, mountain view stone, nodule stone, opal, etc. The shape is peculiar, the color is rich, and the texture is excellent.
Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Gansu also have similar stone types, but the type, quantity, and texture are not as good as those in Inner Mongolia.
The Bahrain colored stones from Inner Mongolia are also famous.
After talking about the four "faces", let's talk about the two "lines". The Yangtze River Basin focuses on Hubei, and the Yellow River Basin focuses on Henan.
The Yangtze River originates in Qinghai, flows through Tibet, Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu, and enters the East China Sea in Shanghai. It has a total length of 6,300 kilometers and a drainage area of ??more than 1.8 million square kilometers. It has tributaries such as the Yalong River, Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Jialing River, Wujiang River, Xiangjiang River, Hanjiang River, Ganjiang River, and Qingyijiang River. The upper reaches are from Yushu in Qinghai Province to Yichang in Hubei Province, with many rapids and shoals; the middle reaches from Yichang to Hukou in Jiangxi Province are with well-developed meanders and many lakes; and the lower reaches below Hukou are with a wide river and deep water.
Due to the many changes of course in history, many lakes in Anhui and Jiangsu have been created.
The Jinsha River, the upper section of the Yangtze River, flows through Tibet, Yunnan, and Sichuan. The Jinsha River is rich in rare stone resources, mainly pebbles. Its shape, pattern and color are unique, especially the color, which is often multi-colored. Due to the inconvenience of transportation, although local stone lovers have a rich collection of stones, they can still be said to be in the deepest secluded state and no one knows about them.
The tributaries of the Yaguo River, Minjiang River, Tuojiang River and Jialing River in Sichuan all produce stone. The Pine Forest Stone in Fuling, Chongqing, has been famous since ancient times. It is named because the surface of the stone looks like a dense and vast pine forest like a pine forest. Luzhou stone is also famous.
Yichang City, Hubei Province is the gateway to the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River. Yichang’s Three Gorges rocks have long been famous around the world and are included in the "Yunlin Stone Book". The 800-mile-long Qingjiang River in Hubei flows into the Yangtze River in Lucheng Town, Yidu, and is rich in strange stone resources. It is said that there are nearly a hundred species. The most famous ones are chrysanthemum stone, hundred crane stone and Yunjin stone. The stone body of Baihe Stone is layered, with three colors of rosy red, fruit green and milky white interlaced with each other. The texture is fine and smooth. It is a biological limestone containing fossils such as crinoid stems and coral polyps. Hubei also produces famous malachite and turquoise. Hubei is also a province of strange rocks.
Yichang hosted "China's First Stone Appreciation Exhibition" (1992). Wuhan is one of the five largest strange stone markets in the country.
Liuyang chrysanthemum stone is the most famous ornamental stone in Hunan. The historical name Daozhou Stone is included in the "Yunlin Stone Book". The Wuling stones from Changde, Hunan participated in the "Fourth China Stone Appreciation Exhibition" for the first time (1999) and were well received for their "unique shapes". Weiyang water-color silica was favored by Taiwan's stone appreciation community as soon as it was discovered. In recent years, high-quality yellow wax stones have been discovered in various counties in southern Hunan.
The Shizhongshan Stone on the bank of Poyang Lake in Jiangxi is a famous historical stone and is included in the "Yunlin Stone Book". There are also Yuanzhou stone, Jiangzhou stone, Taiyuan stone and Ganjiang stone.
The Taihu Stone and Yuhua Stone in Jiangsu are also created by the Yangtze River.
The Yellow River also originates from Qinghai, flows through Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and flows into the Bohai Sea in northern Shandong. The total length is 5,464 kilometers and its drainage area is 752,400 square kilometers. There are tributaries such as Taohe River, Huangshui River, Wuding River, Fenhe River, Weihe River, Luohe River and Qinhe River.
There are strange stones in Qinghai, the source of the Yellow River, called Heyuan Stone. The most distinctive ones are Drum Nail Stone (also called Star Stone) and Wujin Stone. The Yellow River stones in Lanzhou, Gansu and the Heluo stones in Henan are both included in the "Yunlin Stone Book" and are both ancient and modern famous stones. There are also Taohe stones, Panggong stones, Qilian stones and Gobi stones in Gansu. There are also two famous ornamental stones in Luoyang, Henan. One is peony stone, its background color is either black-gray or dark green, the flowers are white, double-petaled, the flowers are naturally distributed and have different postures. One is the plum blossom stone, its background color is either oily black, dark green or brown red, with dots of blue, red, cyan, white, yellow, green and other colors reflected in circles, with dense branches of plum blossoms. elegant.
Yellow River stones are also produced in Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. Shaanxi has Hanjiang stone and Jingwei stone.