First, gastrodia elata seeding technology
(1) sowing date: field breeding is greatly influenced by natural climatic conditions, and sowing date is different in different regions. In the mountainous area with an altitude of 1500m in western Hubei, sowing in the middle and late July; The altitude of ningqiang county in southern Shaanxi is 1 100 meters, and the sowing is good in the middle and late June; Sow in Beijing indoor natural temperature from the end of May to the middle of June. Early sowing is the key to high yield. Using greenhouse breeding, if we can strive to sow in early May, which is equivalent to prolonging the growth period of Gastrodia elata in the sowing year, then we can harvest high-yield white hemp that can be planted in the sowing year.
(2) Sowing amount: One fruit of Gastrodia elata has 30,000-50,000 seeds. According to this amount, if you sow 1-2 fruits in a 0.5m2 hole, there will be 65438+ million seeds. At present, the germination rate of seeds can reach 30-70% by using symbiotic germination bacteria, but a large number of germinated protocorms can not establish symbiotic relationship with Armillaria mellea and die without nutrition, and only a few asexual propagation stems germinated by protocorms are infected by Armillaria mellea and survive.
(3) Sowing depth: The sowing hole depth of sexual reproduction of Gastrodia elata should still be based on the local natural climate conditions, and the methods of hole sowing, semi-hole sowing and heap sowing should be selected. The pit depth is about 30 cm, and the half pit depth is 10- 15 cm. Generally, two layers are sown and covered with pure sand, and the sand thickness is not less than 13- 15 cm. After sowing in sandy loam, the soil is covered with 10- 12 cm.
(4) Sowing method
1, leaf mushroom bed method
Although the leaf fungus bed method naturally infects saprophytic germinating bacteria in the soil by using fallen leaves in the forest to germinate seeds, many factors, such as different areas, different woodlands, the distribution of germinating bacteria, the types of germinating bacteria, the humidity of leaves in the forest and so on, will affect whether the seeds can infect germinating bacteria, directly affect the change of nesting rate and yield of gastrodia elata after sowing, but it completely conforms to the law of natural germination of gastrodia elata seeds.
(1) Leaf picking: The time for leaf picking is before the seeds mature in June. The withered yellow leaves and twigs of FAGACEAE plants that fell in the forest in the first year and early spring are collected, and the best is the wet leaves that are slightly rotted close to the soil.
(2) Sowing method: immediately after the seeds are harvested, dig up the cultivated fungus bed, remove the fungus sticks on it, shovel the soil into the gap between the fungus sticks below, put a thin layer (0.5cm thick after compaction) of wet leaves of FAGACEAE trees between the two fungus sticks, shake the seeds out of the fruit and sprinkle them gently on the leaves. When sowing, it can also play a good role to cut fresh branches into small branches with a length of 5- 10 cm and scatter them on the leaf layer.
2, pure strains with sowing technology
(1) Before seed dressing and sowing, take out the tertiary leaves of budding bacteria such as Osmunda japonica cultivated by a professional strain factory, put them in a washbasin or an enamel dish, use 1 bottle for each nest, and separate the adhered leaves one by one for later use.
(2) Sowing method
Pure strain sowing technology, when sowing, dig a new sowing hole, spread a layer of leaves to divide the leaf of seed dressing bacteria into two halves, and spread the other half on the upper layer. After sowing the seed dressing fungus leaves, put in 5-6 thick new sticks, and the distance between the two sticks is about 2 cm. Take out the pre-cultured third-grade Armillaria species from the culture bottle, each bottle has about 40-50 branches, and put 5-6 small branches between the two sticks and beside the head of the stick. Put 7-8 thin sticks on the upper layer and sow in the same way.
Second, the planting method of Gastrodia elata
The growth period of Gastrodia elata is from April to 65438+ 10 every year, and the dormancy period is from 165438+ 10 to March the following year. The vegetative propagation of Gastrodia elata should be planted in dormancy period. However, February 65438 to February of the following year is the severe winter season, and planting is vulnerable to freezing injury. So the planting period is divided into winter planting and spring planting.
(1) Winter planting: This method is suitable for areas that are not very cold in winter. For example, the area south of the Qinling Mountains. It is best to combine harvesting and planting, and planting marijuana should not be stored for too long. Gastrodia elata/kloc-harvested and planted in October (1 1). When planted in February (1) cold climate, the seed hemp is vulnerable to freezing injury.
Armillaria mellea can grow at 15- 16℃. After planting in early winter, Armillaria mellea can not invade the cortex of Gastrodia elata, but can only attach to the epidermis. After wintering, Gastrodia elata began to grow, which would provide nutrition, and the new hemp grew rapidly. However, some seed hemp that is stabbed at harvest will rot and die during wintering, which will reduce the survival rate.
(2) Spring sowing: It is not very cold in winter in North China, and the cultivation holes can be safely covered for the winter. The method of harvesting spring seeds can be adopted, and the survival rate of gastrodia elata is high. If we can plant excellent fungus materials and fungus branches together, we can still get high yield in March.
In the cold winter area of Northeast China, the ground temperature is often below minus 5℃, and there is no heavy snow cover. The seeds of Gastrodia elata planted in winter are easy to be frozen, so the method of harvesting in autumn and storing in spring should be adopted. Gastrodia elata is stored at low temperature after harvest, and planted after soil thawing in the following year. Planting it too late will affect the growth of gastrodia elata.