Asteroids are named after various famous people or animals by the International Astronomical Union's Committee on the Naming of Small Celestial Objects. Discoverers of asteroids can recommend names to the Committee on the Naming of Small Celestial Objects. The planet's moons are named by the International Astronomical Union planetary system. The working group is usually named after a character in Greek mythology or classical literature, or a name suggested by the discoverer, but it must consult with the Small Celestial Object Naming Committee before naming, mainly to avoid naming duplication.
The naming of the characteristics of celestial bodies in the solar system is also done by the Planetary System Naming Working Group, usually based on the specific theme of the celestial body. For example, most features on Venus are named after famous women, and volcanoes on Io are named after the god of fire.
Asteroid
In 1801, scientists discovered a small, shining object in the night sky. At first they thought the thing called "Ceres" was a planet, but a year later they discovered an object that was very similar to Ceres. They realized the planet couldn't be that small, so they named it ~asteroid~, which means "like a star."
Until 1951, only 8 asteroids were discovered. Today, astronomers have used advanced technology to identify about 5,000 asteroids.
Thousands of asteroids in the solar system have failed to accumulate to form planets. They range in size from as large as golf balls to as large as the entire state of Rhode Island. Most orbit in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
Most asteroids follow the path of Jupiter in regular orbits. Other orbits are eccentric circles, approaching Uranus when far away and close to the Earth when near. So far, astronomers have discovered hundreds of asteroids that have crossed Earth's ~orbit~, and it is estimated that there are thousands more that have yet to be discovered.
Astronomers divide most asteroids into three major categories based on their meteorite composition and spectrum. "Silicene" asteroids contain an iron-nickel core surrounded by a layer of stony silicon. Such asteroids account for about 15%. "Metallic" asteroids account for 10, and are mainly composed of iron and nickel. "Carbonaceous" asteroids account for the largest number, accounting for 75%. They are rich in carbon.
Sometimes the orbit of an asteroid poses a threat to the Earth. The Earth, like the Moon, which is full of craters due to impacts, is also a target of cosmic impacts. Our industrious planet has erased traces of that violence through filling, volcanic activity, and weathering, but the craters left by the few big impacts remain testaments to the trauma of the past.
Asteroids are celestial bodies that also orbit the sun but are too small to be called planets. The largest asteroids are only about 1,000 kilometers in diameter, and micro asteroids are only about the size of pebbles. There are about 16 asteroids with a diameter of more than 240 kilometers. They are located in space from the inner orbit of the Earth to the outer orbit of Saturn. The vast majority of asteroids are concentrated in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Some of these asteroids have orbits that intersect with the Earth's orbit, and some have collided with the Earth.
Asteroids are the remnants of material after the formation of the solar system. There is speculation that they may be the remains of a mysterious planet that was destroyed by a huge cosmic collision in ancient times. But judging from the characteristics of these asteroids, they don't look like they were ever clustered together. If all the asteroids were added together to form a single body, it would have a diameter of less than 1,500 kilometers – smaller than the radius of the Moon.
Much of what we know about asteroids comes from studying meteorites that fall to the Earth's surface. Asteroids that enter Earth's atmosphere are called meteoroids. Meteoroids fly into the atmosphere at high speed. The friction between their surface and the air generates extremely high temperatures, and then they vaporize and emit bright light. This is a meteor. If the meteor is not completely burned and falls to the ground, it is a meteorite.
About 92.8% of meteorites are mainly composed of silica (that is, ordinary rocks), 5.7% are iron and nickel, and the rest are mixtures of these three substances.
Meteorites with a large stone content are called meteorites, and meteorites with a large iron content are called meteorites. Because meteorites are very similar to Earth rocks, they are generally difficult to identify.
Gaspra asteroid Ida and Dactyl asteroid
Toutais asteroid Castalia asteroid
Geographos asteroid Ida and
Mathilde Gaspra
Because asteroids are remnants of material from the early solar system, scientists are very interested in their composition. When the space probe passed through the asteroid belt, it was discovered that the asteroid belt was actually very empty, and the distance between asteroids was very far. Before 1991, people obtained data on asteroids through ground observations. In October 1991, the Galileo spacecraft to Jupiter visited the asteroid 951 Gaspra and took the first high-resolution photos of an asteroid. In August 1993, Galileo flew by 243 Ida, making it the second asteroid visited by a spacecraft. The Gaspra and Ida asteroids are both metal-rich and are S-type asteroids. On June 27, 1997, the NEAR probe passed by the asteroid 253 Mathilde. This rare opportunity allows scientists to take a close look at the carbon-rich C-type asteroid for the first time. Because the NEAR probe was not specifically designed to examine it, this visit is the only one to date. NEAR was used to conduct a survey of the asteroid Eros in January 1999.
Astronomers have made ground observations of many asteroids. Some well-known asteroids are Toutais, Castalia, Vesta, and Geographos, among others. For the asteroids Toutatis, Castalia and Geographos, astronomers studied them using radio observations from the ground as they approached the sun. The Vesta asteroid was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope.
Some famous asteroids related to China
The first asteroid discovered on Chinese soil: 193 Ruihua (discovered by J.C. Watson)
The first asteroid discovered by the Chinese: 1125 Zhonghua (discoverer Zhang Yuzhe)
The first asteroid named after a Chinese: 1802 Zhang Heng
The first Asteroid named after a Chinese place: 2045 Beijing
The first asteroid named after a Chinese county: 3611 Dabu
The first asteroid named after a Chinese Taiwanese Planet: 2240 Cai (Cai Zhangxian)
The first asteroid named after a Chinese astronaut: 8256 Yang Liwei
Asteroids are unique in the solar system. They are very small in size, mostly only a few kilometers in diameter, and there are many of them. Almost all of their orbits are located between Mars and Jupiter.
The discovery of asteroids is closely related to the proposal of the Titius-Bode rule. According to this rule, there should be a planet at a distance of 2.8 astronomical units from the sun. On New Year's Day, 1801, Pi Archie indeed discovered the first asteroid Ceres there. In the following years, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta, which were in similar orbits to Ceres, were discovered one after another. The introduction of astrophotography and the use of scintillation comparators greatly increased the annual discovery rate of asteroids. By 1940, there were 1,564 asteroids with permanent numbers. Among them, the German astronomers Encke and Hansen made particularly great contributions because of their expertise in orbital calculations, and Wolff and Reinmutt made many observations.
The naming rights of asteroids belong to the discoverers. In the early days, I liked to use the name of the goddess, but later I used the acronym of the name of a person, a place, a flower, or even an organization.
Some asteroid groups and asteroids are particularly famous, such as the Trojan Group, the Apollo Group, Icarus, Eros, Hidalgo, etc.
Based on the statistical analysis of orbital roots, the number of asteroids with an orbital inclination angle of about 5 degrees and an eccentricity of about 0.17 is the largest. The Kirkwood Gap is the most famous distribution feature calculated based on the average heliocentric distance of asteroids. There is a statistical relationship between the asteroid number N and the average opposition magnitude m, logN=0.39m-3.3, and the asteroid diameter d and the absolute magnitude g satisfy the statistical formula logd(km)=3.7-0.2g. The distribution of the number of asteroids with diameter shows a discontinuity near a diameter of about 30 kilometers.
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Asteroids
Asteroids are celestial bodies that orbit the sun but are too small to be called planets. Asteroids can range from as large as Ceres, which is about 1,000 kilometers in diameter, to as small as a pebble. There are 16 asteroids with a diameter of more than 240 kilometers. They are located in space from within the orbit of Earth to beyond the orbit of Saturn. Most asteroids are concentrated in the asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. Some asteroids have orbits that intersect with Earth's orbit, and some have collided with Earth.
Asteroids are the remaining material after the formation of the solar system. One theory is that they are the remnants of a planet that was destroyed in a giant collision long ago. However, these asteroids are more likely to be materials that never formed a single planet. In fact, if all the asteroids were added together to form a single celestial body, it would be less than 1,500 kilometers in diameter - smaller than the radius of the moon.
Since asteroids are materials from the early solar system, scientists are very interested in their composition. When the space probe passed through the asteroid belt, it was discovered that the asteroid belt was actually very empty, and the asteroids were very far apart. Before 1991, asteroid data were obtained only through ground-based observations. In October 1991, the Galileo spacecraft visited the asteroid 951 Gaspra and obtained the first high-resolution photos of an asteroid. In August 1993, Galileo flew by the asteroid 243 Ida, making it the second asteroid visited by a spacecraft. The Gaspra and Ida asteroids are both metal-rich and belong to S-type asteroids.
Much of what we know about asteroids comes from analyzing the space debris that falls to the Earth's surface. Asteroids that collide with Earth are called meteoroids. When a meteoroid breaks into our atmosphere at high speed, its surface vaporizes due to high temperature caused by friction with the air, and emits a strong light. This is a meteor. If a meteoroid falls to the ground without burning up completely, it is called a meteorite. Jian? After analysis of all meteorites, 92.8% of them are composed of silica (rock), 5.7% are iron and nickel, and the remaining part is a mixture of these three substances. Meteorites with a large stone content are called meteorites, and meteorites with a large iron content are called meteorites. Because meteorites are so similar to Earth rocks, they are difficult to identify.
On June 27, 1997, the NEAR probe passed by the asteroid 253 Mathilde. This opportunity allows scientists to observe this carbon-rich C-type asteroid up close for the first time. This visit was the only one since the NEAR detector was not specifically used to investigate it. NEAR was used to conduct a survey of the asteroid Eros in January 1999.
Astronomers have made ground observations of many asteroids. Some well-known asteroids include Toutais, Castalia, Vesta and Geographos. For the asteroids Toutatis, Castalia and Geographos, astronomers studied them through radio observations from the ground as they approached the sun. The Vesta asteroid was discovered by the Hubble Space Telescope.
The discovery of asteroids is closely related to the proposal of the Titius-Bode rule. According to this rule, there should be a planet at a distance of 2.8 astronomical units from the sun. Pia on New Year's Day in 1801 Sure enough, the first asteroid Ceres was discovered there. In the following years, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta, which were in similar orbits to Ceres, were discovered one after another. The introduction of astrophotography and the use of scintillation comparators greatly increased the annual discovery rate of asteroids. By 1940, there were 1,564 asteroids with permanent numbers. Among them, the German astronomers Encke and Hansen made particularly great contributions because of their expertise in orbital calculations, and Wolff and Reinmutt made many observations.
The naming rights of asteroids belong to the discoverers. In the early days, I liked to use the name of the goddess, but later I used the acronym of the name of a person, a place, a flower, or even an organization. Some asteroid groups and asteroids are particularly famous, such as the Trojan Group, the Apollo Group, Icarus, Eros, Hidalgo, etc. According to statistical analysis based on the number of orbital elements, the number of asteroids with an orbital inclination of about 5 degrees and an eccentricity of about 0.17 is the largest. The Kirkwood Gap is the most famous distribution feature calculated based on the average heliocentric distance of asteroids. There is a statistical relationship between the asteroid number N and the average opposition magnitude m, logN=0.39m-3.3, and the asteroid diameter d and the absolute magnitude g satisfy the statistical formula logd(km)=3.7-0.2g. The distribution of the number of asteroids with diameter shows a discontinuity near a diameter of about 30 kilometers.
The naming of the characteristics of celestial bodies in the solar system is also done by the Planetary System Naming Working Group, usually based on the specific theme of the celestial body. For example, most features on Venus are named after famous women, and volcanoes on Io are named after the god of fire.
Most of the first asteroids discovered were named after gods in Greek mythology , such as "Ceres", "Eros", etc. Later, more and more asteroids were discovered, named after the discoverers, places, and ancient astronomers. However, most asteroids were only assigned one number. China's Purple Mountain Observatory has discovered more than 400 asteroids, more than 40 of which have been numbered and named Zhang Heng, Zu Chongzhi, etc.