On the Spring Equinox in 2018, I returned to my hometown of Yangbi with my mother to visit relatives and stayed for a few days. As the Qingming Festival was approaching, I went with my cousin to the foot of Cangshan Mountain, the east bank of Meihua Village, and the bank of the Snow Mountain River to hold a memorial ceremony. Ancestor Tombs. The ancient tombs of my great-great-grandfather (my grandmother’s grandfather) Qiu Yulin and my great-great-grandmother (my grandmother’s grandmother) Ma’s family are well preserved and stand among the green trees and grass. The two ancient tombs are surrounded by mountains and water. Behind them are the mountains on the west slope of Cangshan Mountain. In front of them are the snow-capped mountains and the clear water. The calligraphy of the epitaphs in the ancient tombs is vigorous and detailed. It is thought-provoking to read carefully, so I took photos of all the epitaphs and inscriptions. , after coming back, I checked the information, studied it carefully, and then wrote this article to discuss and research.
1. The epitaph of my great-great-grandfather Qiu Yulin
The inscription on the main tombstone:
Public taboo Yulin Linzhai, also named, was originally from Yingfeng Bridge in the south of En'an County, Zhaotong Prefecture. Since Yun Gong gave birth to Dingxiang Gong and married Yang's son, he lost his mother at the age of eight and withered at the age of thirteen. Born in troubled times, he rarely read poetry and books, and was determined to travel to war. He was strong-willed and patient, and loyal to the country. It’s obvious and can be tested, so there’s no need to elaborate. The Duke of Burma's qualifications meant that he was born to rule the world. He hugged his knees and chanted loudly. How could he be used as a treasure for a long time? The clinkers were burning in wars and writing pens to fight. This was also the misfortune encountered by the Duke. However, there were all those who had great ambitions.
In the middle of his life, Chiang Kai-shek's army was campaigning south and north to conquer the Northern and Southern factions. He eliminated violence and brought peace to the country. He fought repeatedly and was defeated. His contribution was not insignificant. Later, after Yinxi was conquered, he was invited to offer a reward. He ensured that Lan Ling's garrison title was exhausted, and he was compensated by Qian Zong. He was also rewarded with a certain number of acres of farmland, which was enough to provide a place for garrison horses. The public admires the local customs and customs of this place, so he sticks to his hometown. The male's first wife, Ma Shi, gave birth to two sons. The eldest son was named Denggao, and the second son was named Dengao. He was still young when he climbed Ao, and gave birth to his son Yunluan when he climbed high.
Gong was born on the eleventh day of the first month of the Bingwu year of Daoguang (1846) and died on the twenty-first day of the third month of the Guangxu Yisi year (1905). So far, the family status is glorious, the orchids are tall and beautiful, and the smoothness is a bit better than others, and the love is the inscription.
Judging from the epitaph inscription, my great-great-grandfather, whose surname was Qiu, whose given name was Yulin, and whose courtesy name was Linzhai, was born on the eleventh day of the first lunar month in the Bingwu year of Daoguang (1846 AD) and died in the Yisi year of Guangxu (1905 AD). Year) March 21 at noon. He was 59 years old.
Great-great-grandfather Qiu Yulin was originally from Yingfengqiao, south of En'an County, Zhaotong Prefecture (this place is recorded in the Zhaotong Prefecture annals). His grandfather's name was Qiu Qiyun, and his father's name was For Qiu Dingxiang, he married the Yang family and gave birth to a son, Qiu Yulin (according to the official inscription, he had a younger brother, Qiu Yuqing). Qiu Yulin's mother passed away when he was eight years old, and his father passed away when he was thirteen. Born in troubled times, he read less poetry and books and determined to join the army (he had determined to join the army since he was a child). He is strong-willed and patient, loyal to his country, and has the integrity of a tiger-like minister. Qiu Yulin's family has been a lineage of hairpins since ancient times, and the spread of family history is obvious and can be tested, so there is no need to elaborate. Grandfather Qiu Yulin's family has been an official family for several generations.
"The official's envoy, who was born to govern the world, hugged his knees and chanted loudly, could not have been a shallow pond for a long time. The clinkers were burned in the army one after another, and they threw their pens into the army. This is also the place of the public Even if you encounter misfortune, you will always have your ambitions." I understand this epitaph to mean that the writer lamented Qiu Yulin's outstanding talent. If he was born to be in the world, he would definitely not be a thing in the pool, but he would definitely make great achievements and have great achievements. It was a great achievement, but it was a pity that he was born in troubled times and was very unfortunate.
"The Duke's half-life marquis, Duke Jiang, led the army, and he campaigned in the south and north, eradicating violence and bringing peace to the country. He was defeated in many battles. His contribution to the army was not insignificant. Later, he conquered the west. "Invitation." From the content of the epitaph of my great-grandmother Ma, it can be proved that Qiu Yulin joined the army under Jiang Zonghan in Zhugongqing, Xingyi, Guizhou in the third year of Tongzhi (1864 AD). (Jiang Zonghan (1836-1898), a native of Heqing, Yunnan, of the Yi ethnic group, was an official to the rank of general, the chief soldier of the Tengyue Department, and the admiral of Guizhou.
During the Tongzhi period, Du Wenxiu, a famous general of the Qing Dynasty who opposed the Qing regime in Yunnan, was awarded a yellow mantle by the Qing court. He was awarded a yellow mandarin jacket and a flower feather on his eyes. He was a first-class official. He invested 100,000 silver to build the Jinlong Bridge, the first bridge on the Jinsha River. This is mentioned in the Qing history manuscript. Many records are introduced in detail on Baidu Encyclopedia. ) Our ancestor Qiu Yulin spent his whole life as a soldier. He went through hundreds of battles and was sure to win every battle. The elegy on the side of his epitaph is recorded and eulogized.
"As a reward, Lan Ling's garrison title will be used to replenish Qian Zong first, and he will be rewarded with a certain number of acres of land and house, which is a place for garrison horses. And the public admires it. The customs and customs of this place are due to their official affiliation."?
According to the secret records of Du Wenxiu's commander-in-chief, on the fourth day of March in the Renshen year (1872), Yang Yuke led some troops. Three routes attacked Yangbi. On April 10, Yang Yuke visited Yangbi in person and planned an attack on the city. On April 14, the entire territory of Yangbi was lost, and the Qing army already controlled the entire territory of Yangbi. In the tenth year of Tongzhi of the Qing Dynasty (AD 1872), Jiang Zonghan led his troops from Yangbi Pingpo Hejiang River to Cangshan Xieyang Peak, and cooperated with Yang Yuke and others to attack Dali City. On the ninth day of the twelfth lunar month in the Renshen Year (1872), Dali City was destroyed, and Du Wenxiu committed suicide by taking poison. , the territory of Dali was recovered by the Qing army.
After Qiu Yulin, the maternal great-great-grandfather, captured Yaozhou City (Yao'an County, Chuxiong) in April of the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869 AD), he married Ma as his wife. In the tenth year of Tongzhi (1872) After conquering Yangbi in 1999, Qiu Yulin liked Yangbi's landscape, customs and customs. The Qing government rewarded him with land, farm buildings, and pastures for feeding horses, so he settled in Yangbi. Referring to the epitaph of my maternal great-grandmother Ma, Cen Yuying, the governor of Yunnan, petitioned the imperial court to distribute the rebel property in Yangbi to the soldiers of the Qing army. They settled in Yangbi and at the same time guarded the military city defense of Yangbi. The Qing soldiers who settled in Yangbi became A relative of the Lian family (originating from Zeng Guofan’s Xiang Army Lian). According to Qing history manuscripts and some literary and historical materials of Yangbi, after the fall of Yangbi City in 1872, the administrative system of the Qing Dynasty was restored, and the Yangjiang Town Guard Department was established, which was under the direct control of Menghua Department. There are two hundred soldiers. After the Qing army occupied Yangbi, they sent Cai Biao and Ding Huai to garrison it. During the Republic of China, Ding Huai still occupied many land parcels in Huai'an Village of Yangbi. Cai Biao, a native of Weining, Guizhou, a famous general of the Qing army, is introduced in Baidu Encyclopedia. Ding Huai (Baidu Encyclopedia), a native of Heqing, a famous general of the Qing army, a master of calligraphy and painting, and a powerful warlord during the Republic of China.
When my great-great-grandfather Qiu Yulin passed away, the epitaph stated that his first wife, Ma, had sons, the eldest son Qiu Denggao, the second son Qiu Denggao, and Denggao was still young. Denggao already has a son, named Luan. The main tombstone records that Qiu Yulin's third daughter, Qiu Yinmei, married into the Wang family (Yangbi Huaiantun), which is recorded in the epitaph of Ma's great-great-grandmother.
2. The inscription on the main stele and the elegiac poem on the side tombstone
The inscription on the main stele
Qinjia Xie Town Title Office Longling Guanshenfu Tune up and raise the standard in Daying Tour Mansion? The foolish brother Li Guifang of the Yueqiao family paid homage
The nephew of the Tong family of the Confucian students in Dali Mansion? Yang Yi (member) Note: the words in brackets Difficulty has been identified.
Emperor Qing's imperial edict granted him the title of Commander Zhaowu to reward Dai Lanling, and Qiu Gong tabooed the tomb of Yulin Mansion Lord
Note: Granted in the Qing Dynasty There are two types of titles: imperial titles above the fifth rank, and imperial titles below the fifth rank.
Zhaowu Duwei: Nine ranks and eighteen ranks in the Qing Dynasty (officials are divided into nine ranks, each rank is divided into upright and obedient, and the first is eighteen ranks; those who have not entered the stream are Official. Zhaowu Duwei is the fourth rank.
Li Yueqiao's military rank is: Shenjiang (Shenzhenfu), supplemented by Daying Guerrilla (Youfu). The poem on the side is signed: Governor Li Yueqiao, and his position as military attaché is also included. There are civilian positions, but I can’t figure it out. I can’t find a detailed history here.
(In the Qing Dynasty, the officers of the Green Camp were guerrillas, ranking from the third rank to the rank of general, and they were generals and generals. The governors, fu, ti, and towns were responsible for the camp troops, and some served as officers in the towns.)
Yang Xiangchen (Yi Yuan) of Dali Prefecture was a nephew of the Tong family, and he was also investigated. No relevant information found.
He has an unusual public appearance, revitalizes his family and country with military strategies, has been involved in military affairs since childhood, has a strong nature and is self-reliant, capable of planning national policies at the top, and kind at the bottom. Regardless of heaven and earth, he is not afraid of the edge in battle, and sings triumphantly. Continuously, the prestige spreads across the Bijiang River, just like the public virtues, the mountains are high and the water is long.
?--------------------------------Governor Li Yueqiao would like to know
Ying Minru Your Majesty, after your imperial edict, you will shine brightly, be conscientious in your conduct, and have a clear temperament. You will be kind to others, be humble in your dealings, make your plans more powerful, and make meritorious deeds before going to war. Old but not tired, broad-minded and fat. A person who is loyal and upright will have endless blessings, and the wind of respecting the public is like the source of water.
-------------------------------My nephew, Yang Xiangchen, would like to know and write
3. Based on the research on the tombstone and epitaph of Qiu Yulin, my great-great-grandfather, Qiu Yulin’s life is roughly as follows. He was born in Yingfeng (Feng) Bridge in the south of En’an County, Zhaotong Prefecture in 1846 (check the Zhaotong Prefecture Chronicle and En’an County Chronicle here for details According to records), a family of officials for generations lost their mother at the age of eight and their father at the age of thirteen. He read less poetry and books, was extremely intelligent, and had a handsome appearance. He had the image of a tiger minister when he was young. In 1864, he joined the army at the age of 18. He followed Jiang Zonghan, a famous general of the Yunnan and Gui Dynasties of the Qing Dynasty, in Xingyi Zhugongqing, Guizhou, and quelled the Miao people's rebellion. He is both wise and brave, and has outstanding military exploits. In the eighth year of Tongzhi (1869), he captured Yao'an's mansion in Chuxiong in western Yunnan and married Ma. Three years after the marriage of my great-great-grandfather Qiu Yulin and my great-great-grandmother Ma, they settled down in Yangbi. From the later epitaph of my great-great-grandmother Ma, we can see that my great-great-grandmother Ma married her husband and raised her children, managed the family and farm, and was gentle, kind, and virtuous. The couple spent more than thirty years of peaceful and happy family life in Yangbi.
The great-great-grandmother Ma was a Hui woman from Yao'an Mansion. She was beautiful and virtuous, and was described one by one in the subsequent research on Ma's epitaph.
?
4. The epitaph of the ancestor Ma:
Horse presented by Emperor Qinggao The epitaph of the Ma family, the mother of Yiren and Qiu,
The Ma family of Yiren, a native of Yaozhou, was also the wife of Lan Ling garrison guard Qian Zong Enan Choujun Yulin. In the third year of Tongzhi, the garrison king enlisted with righteousness and bravery. The hand pig Gongqing has been put under the banner of Jiang Zhuangqin Gongzong Han, and he has relieved the siege of the provincial capital. Then he took advantage of the victory and went westward, conquering the Czech Republic. In April of the eighth year, he conquered Yaozhou and married a pleasant man in the camp. The next time was Shi , the army is very sharp, advancing steadily, conquering dozens of villages, large and small, in the west. The garrison king refuses to obey, the cover is strong and sharp, and the body is idle for several years, unable to care about his personal interests, so he disturbs the pleasant people. When going to war, we must go through hardships, dangers and chaos.
Cen Xiangqin (Cen Yuying, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou) reported and distributed the rebel property in Yangbi to the generals. , manage the family and farm, mostly use internal help to please people, and protect the king, respect and restrain Jue's love (Weike Jue'ai, allow Ji; love overcomes Jue's power, allow Zhenggong). Excerpted from "Shu, Xia Shu, Yin Zheng", explanation : If strictness is better than kindness, success will be achieved; if kindness is better than strictness, success will be ineffective). There is no disobedience in life. Whenever two boys and one girl are born, they will be raised and married until they are adults. Women in ancient and modern legends are called chastity. Of course, it is true that she is a talented person, but she knows that she is the one who takes care of her husband and raises her children, is diligent and thrifty in running the family, and works hard in governing the house, especially though it is indispensable. This is also the one who is pleasant to others. After being pleasant to others, he will guard the king for five years, in order to proclaim the throne. He died on the tenth day of the first lunar month of the first year at the age of sixty-five. After giving birth to a son, two men climbed up to Lan Ling to be the commander-in-chief.
Yiren, a title given to women in feudal times by their husbands or descendants.
This system began to exist during the Zhenghe period of the Song Dynasty. For civil servants from the rank of official to the rank of minister, their mother or wife will have the title of Yiren; for military attaches of the same rank, the same will apply. In the Yuan Dynasty, the wives of seventh-rank officials and their mothers were given the title of Yiren, while in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the wives of officials of the fifth rank and their mothers were given the title of Yiren.
This epitaph of my great-great-grandmother Ma’s family is written in an ancient style. In the smoke of war, my great-great-grandfather Qiu Yulin joined the army at the age of 18 in the third year of Tongzhi (1864). He joined the Qing army under Jiang Zonghan. After quelling the Miao rebellion in Zhugongqing, Guizhou, he joined the Qing army to rescue the siege of Kunming, the provincial capital of Yunnan Province (Note: In the sixth year of Tongzhi (1867), Du Wenxiu sent his daughter Du Fengyang to lead an army of 200,000 to siege Kunming. For two years, Du Fengyang was executed by the Qing army at Baihe Bridge, Weiyuan Street, Kunming in the ninth year of Tongzhi (1870).
In April of the eighth year of Tongzhi (1870). In 1869), he conquered Yaozhou and married his great-great-grandmother Ma in the military camp. The text in the epitaph means that after the marriage, his great-great-grandfather Qiu Yulin was busy with the war. She had no time to take care of her small family, so her great-great-grandmother Ma suffered a worried and difficult life during the years of sword war.
Cen Yuying, the governor of Yunnan and Guizhou, petitioned the imperial court to distribute the Yangbi rebel property among the generals. Army.)
The newly created dill can cut off thorns, manage the family and teach agriculture, and it is mostly helpful for people to help. It comes from the poem "Beauty" by Du Fu of the Tang Dynasty: "The maidservant sells pearls and mends the hut with radish." The ancestor Ma was a helper.
Great-great-grandmother Ma took care of her husband and raised her children, was diligent and thrifty in running the house, and was respectful and caring to her husband. The author of the monument compared Ma to women in biographies of ancient and modern women.
My great-great-grandmother Ma passed away in the first year of Xuantong (1909) at the age of sixty-five. According to this calculation, my ancestor Ma should have been born in 1844, older than her. Husband Qiu Yulin is two years older.
From the articles writing epitaphs for our ancestors Qiu Yulin and Ma, we can see that the calligraphy on the tombstones is excellent, and the writers are full of knowledge, quick thinking, and quoted classics. Judging from the content of the article, , the two epitaphs should be written by the same person. Who is the person who wrote the epitaph? This man was very talented. He took the inscription from the existing text on the tombstone and wrote an article for Yang Zhongxian's ancestors.
Yang Zhongxian’s ancestor was the Guimao year of Guangxu (1903, the 29th year of Guangxu), and he came second in the Yunnan Provincial Examination (Asia Yuan). The location of the Provincial Examination is Zhigong Hall on the campus of Yunnan University , Huizeyuan. 1903 was the last provincial examination in the Qing Dynasty. The first place (Xie Yuan) was Jianchuan Zhou Zhongyue. He later traveled to Japan and graduated from Waseda University with a major in law and politics. He was a disciple of Zhao Pan and served as the Minister of the Interior of the National Government. .
Many historical events took place in Yunnan in 1903. In this year, Yuan Jiagu of Shiping was in Kaifeng, Henan (history called this imperial examination "Bianwei", "Xin Chou" The treaty stipulates that cities that have killed foreign ministers shall not hold joint examinations within five years.) The first champion in economic special science.
Construction of the Yunnan-Vietnam Railway started in Yunnan in 1903. Many yellow French-style buildings were left on Kunming’s Xunjin Street and various railway stations.
5. The elegy of the ancestor Ma Shi:
The Yi is pleasant to the people, but the direction of justice is the only way to help the master. Shen (meaning numerous) all the grandsons, in fact, their beauty, at the foot of the cranes, the bamboos and plums are green, and the two steles stand erect, which is the inscription.
Guimao'en imperial examination candidates were replaced as county magistrates in the late marriage of Yang Zhongxian, who was the first to write it
Sui Gongjinshi official candidate Confucian teaching (foolish younger brother) Shi Shiying Zijun The inscriptions of the elegy are all Confucian scholars and officials. It can be seen that the great-great-grandmother Ma was a woman with high social status and prestige in Yangbi County. The elegy reads It will take some time for the two adults who wrote the inscription in the Book of Songs to search for local official records and find their relatives and descendants.
The power of the Internet today is really amazing. In mid-autumn 2020, the information about Yang Zhongxian was found on the Internet. The following is the information about Mr. Yang Zhongxian found on the Internet.
Mr. Yang Zhongxian, the great-grandfather of Mr. Ding Huandong (a famous calligrapher and painter in Kunming), was once an all-powerful calligrapher in history, a famous modern historical figure and a master of calligraphy. There is an endless stream of book seekers. In 1903, he passed the second place in the Yunnan Guimao Ke Township Examination and was commonly known as Yayuan. The first is Mr. Zhou Zhongyue from Jianchuan, commonly known as Jieyuan. Mr. Yang Zhongxian once served as the chief secretary of Zhu Jiabao, the governor of Zhili, Beijing; the secretary-general of Xie Lvzhuang, Daotai, Tianjin; and during the Revolution of 1911, he served as the chief writer and editor-in-chief of Beijing's "Great Freedom Newspaper". After returning to Yunnan, the National Protectorate Army entered Sichuan. He served as Colonel Luo Peijin's chief secretary, accompanying the army to Sichuan, and taking charge of confidential matters. President Li Yuanhong was awarded the third-class Wenhu Medal and the third-class Jiahe Medal by President Li Yuanhong for many of the national defense messages.
Later, Mr. Yang Zhongxian served as Commander-in-Chief of the Yunnan Army Gu Pinzhen and Major General Secretary-General of the Office of the Governor of Yunnan Province; he succeeded Tang Jiyao, the Governor of Yunnan Province, as the Governor of the Office (Lesson 2) Section chief (same title as major general). Until 1927, the "Two Sixth Incident" occurred, in which the four garrison envoys Long Yun, Zhang Ruyi, Li Xuanting, and Hu Ruoyu united to overthrow the Tang Dynasty. Mr. Yang Zhongxian became frightened and became depressed. He eventually died in Kunming at the age of 49! His calligraphy was highly praised by Zhu Jiabao, the governor of Zhili Province, who said: "The penmanship of public calligraphy is strong and powerful, and the font is new and beautiful, making it unique. However, public calligraphy is also regarded as a treasure in the world, and it is not just about the merit of the strokes."
Shi Shiying was a native of Baimupu, Yangbi. He served as a tribute in the late Qing Dynasty. He was a scholar and gentry in Yangbi in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. He was known for his splendid articles and built temples and ancestral halls in Yangbi. Many of his works were written by him. The article, in 1912, worked together with several respected gentry in Yangbi to apply to Cai E, the then governor of Yunnan, to establish Yangbi County. The provincial government approved the establishment of Yangbi County, ending the history of Yangbi that had been affiliated with Yongchang Prefecture and Menghua Department. history. (? As of the early years of the Republic of China and a hundred years ago, Yangbi's status was still that of a vassal in ancient times. The imperial court favored little and heard a lot, so the corvee must be heavy.)
6. The tombstone of Ma's great-great-grandmother Main Monument
The handwriting on the Main Monument is no longer very clear. If you have the opportunity to clean it and make rubbings, the handwriting will be clear and easy to identify, which will also facilitate future historical research.
7. When writing a textual research on the ancient tombs of our ancestors, looking at the words on the tombstones, my heart is filled with ups and downs, a mixture of sadness and joy. It is wise to read history and learn from the past. Yangbi County is my hometown. I moved to Kunming with my parents when I was a boy. During the more than 30 years since I left my hometown, I occasionally returned to my hometown. In the hearts of most people, their hometown will later become a point, like an eternal island. Just as every drop of wine cannot return to the original grapes, neither can I return to my former youth.
November 17, 2020?