1, soil
Ginseng requires rich humus in sandy soil, deep soil layer, loose texture, strong water permeability and good drainage. Forest humus soil is the best, and neutral or slightly acidic soil is better. But alkaline soil is not suitable for planting. Ginseng is neither drought-tolerant nor waterlogging-tolerant, and the relative water content of soil should be above 70% ~ 80%. Therefore, it is extremely important to do a good job of irrigation and drainage.
2. Lighting equipment
Ginseng is a shade-loving plant, which likes to scatter weak light and is afraid of direct sunlight. The light is too strong, the plants are short and the leaves are thick and yellow. The light is too weak, the plants are thin and tall, the leaves are thin and dark green, and the growth is abnormal. The light is too strong, the plants are short and the leaves are thick and yellow. The light is too weak, the plants are thin and tall, the leaves are thin and dark green, and the growth is abnormal. Therefore, in ginseng cultivation, it is necessary to shade, adjust the light transmittance, avoid direct glare, and use scattered light and refracted light.
3. Temperature
Ginseng is afraid of high temperature and cold. During the growth and development of ginseng, the average temperature should be 15-20℃. When the temperature is higher than 30℃ or lower than 10℃, ginseng is dormant. It is also safe to overwinter in the cold of -40℃ in winter.
Extended data:
control of insect
disease
Ginseng Rhizoctonia solani, Ginseng Spot Disease, Ginseng Fusarium wilt and Ginseng Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are the most common diseases of ginseng. Rhizoctonia solani mainly harms seedlings, causing them to break and die. 50% carbendazim wettable powder 0.01-0.0/kloc-0.5 kg can be mixed into the soil layer 3-5 cm deep for disinfection and disease prevention, and can be pulled out immediately once the disease occurs to prevent the spread. Ginseng leaf spot mainly harms leaves, and leaves will fall off in severe cases. Polyoxin can be sprayed at the early stage of leaf development, and Bordeaux mixture, chlorpheniramine or midazolam can be used alternately at the later stage.
Fusarium wilt of ginseng mainly harms leaves and roots. Once the diseased plant is found, it should be pulled out immediately, disinfected with 70% Dixon 500 times solution, and drained in time. At the beginning of the disease, plants can be sprayed with 58% metalaxyl manganese zinc 1000 times solution (preferably after heavy rain). Ginseng Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mainly harms the roots, which will rot after being injured. You can dress the seeds with the wet powder of chlorpheniramine or chlorpheniramine, find the diseased plants, pull them out in time, and disinfect them with quicklime.
insect pest
The main pests of ginseng are: grubs, cutworms, moles, needle worms and so on.
Prevention and control methods: high-temperature composting of feces used; Light traps and kills adults; Poison bait trapping and killing; Seed dressing with 75% phoxim EC according to the seed amount of 0. 1% for prevention; At the beginning, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times solution was used for irrigation.