The number of Japanese surnames exceeds 100,000.
In Japanese, the word Miao (みょうじ, myoji, also written as a name) means "surname" in Chinese; while the Chinese name is the name (なまえ, namae). Japanese also has the word surname, which refers to a clan, including the Genji, Taira, Fujiwara, and the declining Tachibana clan, which are the clans that once controlled political power in ancient times.
After Japanese people get married, because the law prohibits husband and wife from having different surnames, the wife usually changes her surname to her husband's, and if it is a son-in-law, she changes it to the surname of the daughter's family.
In addition, the Emperor of Japan does not have a surname. It is estimated that no fewer than 95 of the number of surnames currently used by Japanese residents were taken from the period after the Meiji Restoration. This number currently lacks authoritative statistics.
Because Japanese surnames are highly variable (surnames can be changed due to starting a new family business, branching of a family group, or adoption, etc., which is also the main reason for the large number of Japanese surnames). Therefore, the origin of Japanese surnames is very complicated and there are different opinions. Generally speaking, Japanese surnames can be divided into two categories: those that have existed since ancient times and those that were created after the "Miao Character Bi-nam Order".
The largest surname in Japan is Sato. Its origin is said to be derived from Fujiwara Hidego, that is, a descendant of the Fujiwara family who served as Saemon captain. It is also said that it may be because Japanese people generally hope that their families will prosper, just like the Fujiwara family who can serve as a public servant. Similar to many other surnames with the word "vine", they place the same expectations. The second most common surname in Japan is Suzuki, which, similar to Sato, is derived from the surname of an ancient military commander.
Words such as Sichuan, Tian, ??Shan and Ye often appear in Japanese surnames. Some people think that it has something to do with their national longing for nature. But mainly because of the "Order on Miao Characters Must Be Named", civilians with low literacy at that time could only use names they were familiar with. It ranges from the sun, moon and stars to flowers, birds, fish and insects; everything from occupation, residence to natural phenomena, etc. can be used as a surname. For example, Watanabe lives near the ferry, and Ukai is a fisherman who raises ospreys. In Japan, the distribution of surnames in different places is different, which has a certain relationship with its ethnic composition. For example, there are many "Yonaguni" in Okinawa. This is because it was the country of Rugu in ancient times. "Kindaichi" is not uncommon in Hokkaido because it is where the Ainu people live.
Most Japanese surnames were developed by various nobles, celebrities, daimyo and their important ministers during Japan's Warring States Period (around the end of the Ming Dynasty in China).
1. Their surnames were chosen by themselves (for example, Hashiba, Toyotomi Hideyoshi once used Hashiba Hideyoshi. Hashiba and Hashiba were respectively taken from the surnames of Niwa Nagahide and Shibata Katsuie, then Oda Nobunaga's important ministers. . )
2. There are also gifts from the emperor or one's superiors (usually daimyo), and Toyotomi is the one.
3. Although it is more derived from the previous family, commoners do not have surnames.
Edit the pronunciation of this paragraph
The pronunciation of Japanese surnames is very complicated, and even the Japanese themselves cannot understand it very thoroughly. The same pronunciation may correspond to dozens of ways of writing Chinese characters, and the same group of Chinese characters may have several ways of reading, or even no rules at all. This may indirectly lead to the phenomenon that Japanese society is very dependent on business cards: the public needs the Roman pinyin or phonetic kana on the business card to accurately read the other person's name. (Of course, business card culture is also related to Japan's strict class society.)
Take Suzuki, the second largest surname in Japan, as an example. There are eight other types of suzuki that are also pronounced suzuki. And the same Chinese character, Suzuki, has fourteen different ways of reading it.
Another classic example: "小鸟游" is pronounced takanashi, and the pronunciation does not correspond to the Chinese characters at all.
At this time, it needs to be analyzed like a riddle: taka means eagle in Japanese, and nashi is the terminating form of negative text in Japanese. The combination means "because there is no eagle, so the birds can come out to play."
Edit common surnames in this paragraph
1. Sato (Sato) 2. Suzuki (Suzuki) 3. Takahashi (Takahashi) 4. Tanaka (Tanaka) 5. Watanabe ( Watanabe) 6. Ito (Itou) 7. Yamamoto (Yamamoto) 8. Nakamura (Nakamura) 9. Kobayashi (Kobayashi) 10. Hoshino (Hoshino) 11. Kato (Kato) 12. Yoshida (Yoshida) 13. Yamada (Yamada) 14. Sasaki (Sasaki) 15. Yamaguchi (Yamaguchi) 16. Matsumoto (Matsumoto) 17. Inoue (Inoue) 18. Kimura (Kimura) 19. Hayashi (林) 20. Shimizu (清水) 21. Yamazaki (yamazaki) 22. Nakajima (Nakajima) 23. Ikeda (Ikeda) 24. Abe (Abe) 25. Hashimoto (Hashimoto) 26. Yamashita (Yamashita) 27. Mori (Forest) 28. Ishikawa (Ishikawa) 29. Maeda (Maeda) 30. Ogawa (Ogawa) 31. Fujita (Fujita) 32. Okada (Okada) 33. Goto (Goto) 34. Hasegawa (Hasegawa) 35. Ishii (Ishii) 36. Murakami (Murakami) 37. Kondo (Kondo) 38. Sakamoto (Sakamoto) 39. Endo (Endo) 40. Aoki (青木) 41. Fujii (Fujii) 42. Nishimura (Nishimura) 43. Fukuda (Fukuda) 44. Ota (Ota) 45. Miura (Miura) 46. Fujiwara (Fujiwara) 47. Okamoto (Okamoto) 48. Matsuda (Matsuda) 49. Nakagawa (Nakagawa) 50. Nakano (中野) 51. Harada (Harada) 52. Ono (Ono) 53. Tamura (Tamura) 54. Takeuchi (Takeuchi) 55. Kaneko (Gold) 56. Wada (Wada) 57. Nakayama (Nakayama) 58. Ishida (Ishida) 59. Ueda (Ueda) 60. Morita (Morita) 61. Kojima (Kojima) 62. Shibata (Shibata) 63. Hara (hara) 64. Miyazaki (Miyazaki) 65. Sakai (Sakai) 66. Kudo (Kudo) 67. Yokoyama (Yokoyama) 68. Miyamoto (Miyamoto) 69. Uchida (Uchida) 70. Takagi (Takagi) 71. Ando (Ando) 72. Shimada (Shimada) 73. Taniguchi (Taniguchi) 74. Ohno (Ohno) 75. Takada (Takata) 76. Maruyama (Maruyama) 77. Imai (Imai) 78. Kono (Kono) 79. Fujimoto (Fujimoto) 80. Murata (Murata) 81. Takeda (Takeda) 82. Ueno (Ueno) 83. Sugiyama (Sugiyama) 84. Masuda (Masuda) 85 .小山(小山) 86.大冢(大冢) 87.平野(平野) 88.Sugawara(觅hara) 89.Kubo(久博) 90.MATSUI(MATSUI) 91.Chiba(Chiba) 92.Iwasaki(Iwasaki) ) 93. Sakurai (桜井) 94. Kinoshita (Kinoshita) 95. Noguchi (Noguchi) 96. Matsuo (Matsuo) 97. Kikuchi (Kikuchi) 98. Nomura (Nomura) 99. Arai (Arai) 100. Watanabe (Watanabe)
The Imperial Family of Japan (the Emperor of Japan, the Crown Prince, the Palace Family (the ones established in front of the Taisho Emperor include Fushimi Palace, Katsura Palace, Arisukawa Palace, Kanin Palace, Yamakashi Palace, Kuge Palace, Kayo Palace) , Asaka Palace, Higashi Kyuri Palace, Komatsu Palace, Kitashirakawa Palace, Takeda Palace, Kading Palace, Higashi Fushimi Palace, and Rimoto Palace,
According to the new "Imperial Family Model" after World War II , the above fifteen palace families have been abolished, and their members have been reduced to commoners, and their surnames are based on the name of the palace without the word "Gong". The palace established by Emperor Taisho and later included Akishino Palace.
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The Fujiwara clan, the Genji clan, the Taira clan, the Tachibana clan, the Nakatomi clan, the Mononobe clan, the Soga clan, the Oe clan, the Sugawara clan, the Kiyohara clan, the Hara clan, the Kusakabe clan, the Weiso clan, the Qin clan, the Abe clan, the Abe clan (Abe clan (Tokugawa clan) )) Ashikaga clan Date clan Fukuzawa clan Hanaoka clan Hojo clan Go-Hojo clan Honda clan Itagaki clan Kinoshita clan (Hashiba clan) Maeda clan Matsudaira clan Murai clan Nagano clan Oda clan Otomo clan Sanada clan Sasaki clan Satake clan Shimazu Shiotsuki clan, Soga clan, Tachibana clan, Takaoka clan, Takeda clan, Niko clan, Asakura clan, Nagasoga clan, Toshi clan, Ikeda clan, Imagawa clan, Yogibe clan, Mori clan, Nabeshima clan, Nitta clan, Sato clan, Takaoka clan, Tanaka clan, Toki clan. Kawazu Uesugi clan Yamana clan Kobayakawa clan Utsunomiya surname (called Miao character or name in Japanese)
Edit this paragraph to sort by the number of users
Note 1: Before the brackets are Chinese characters, In parentheses are Japanese kanji writing methods (new font, old font). Note 2: There are more than 40 most common surnames in Japan, among which the top ten surnames of Suzuki, Sato, Tanaka, Yamamoto, Watanabe, Takahashi, Kobayashi, Nakamura, Ito and Saito account for 10% of the total population, with more than 10 million people. Surnames after the 3600th digit are extremely rare. The number of Japanese surnames is approximately 140,000.
1-100 surnames
1. Sato (Satō) 2. Suzuki (Suzuki) 3. Takahashi (Takahashi) 4. Tanaka (Tanaka, Tanaka) 5. Watanabe (Watanabe, Watanabe) 6. Itō (Itō) 7. Yamamoto (Yamamoto) 8. Nakamura (中村, Nakamura) 9. Kobayashi (小林, Kobayashi) 10. Saito (Saitō, Saitō) 11. Katō (Katō, Katō) 12. Yoshida (Yoshida, Yoshida) 13. Yamada (Yamada, Yamada) 14. Sasaki (Sasaki, Sasaki) 15. Yamaguchi (Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi) 16. Matsumoto (松本) , Matsumoto) 17. Inoue (Inoue) 18. Kimura (Kimura) 19. Hayashi (Lin, Hayashi) 20. Shimizu (清水, Shimizu) 21. Yamazaki (yamazaki, Yamazaki) 22. Nakajima (中岛) , Nakajima) 23. Ikeda (Ikeda) 24. Abe (Abe) 25. Hashimoto (Hashimoto) 26. Yamashita (Yamashita) 27. Mori (Forest) 28. Ishikawa (Ishikawa) 29. Maeda (Maeda) 30. Ogawa (Ogawa) 31. Fujita (Fujita) 32. Okada (Okada) 33. Goto (Goto) 34. Hasegawa (Hasegawa) 35. Ishii (Ishii) 36. Murakami (Murakami) 37. Kondo (Kondo) ) 38. Sakamoto 39. Endo 40. Aoki 41. Fujii 42. Nishimura 43. Fukuda 44. Ota 45. Miura ) 46. Fujiwara (Fujiwara) 47. Okamoto (Okamoto) 48. Matsuda (Mazda) 49. Nakagawa (Nakagawa) 50. Nakano (中野) 51. Harada (Harada) 52. Ono (Ono) 53. Tamura ( Tamura) 54. Takeuchi (Takeuchi) 55. Kaneko (Gold) 56. Hota (Wada) 57. Nakayama (Zhongshan) 58. Ishida (Ishida) 59. Ueda (Ueda) 60. Morita (Morita) 61. Kojima (small Island) 62. Shibata (Shibata) 63. Hara (hara) 64. Miyazaki (Miyazaki) 65. Sakai (Sakai) 66. Kudo (Kudo) 67. Yokoyama (Yokoyama) 68. Miyamoto (Miyamoto) 69. Uchida (Uchida) 70. Takagi (Takagi) 71. Ando (Ando) 72. Shimada (Shimada) 73. Taniguchi (Taniguchi) 74. Ohno (Ohno) 75. Takada (Takata) 76. Maruyama (Maruyama) 77. Imai (Imai) 78. Kono (Kono) 79. Fujimoto (Fujimoto) 80. Murata (Murata) 81. Takeda (Takeda) 82. Ueno (Ueno) 83. Sugiyama (Sugiyama) 84. Masuda (Masuda) 85. Oyama (Ochiyama) 86. Otsuka (大冢) 87. Hirano (平野) 88. Sugawara (谛野) 89. Kubo (久博) 90. Matsui (Matsui) 91. Chiba (Chiba) 92. Iwasaki (Iwasaki) 93 .Sakurai (桜井, Sakurai) 94. Kinoshita (木下) 95. Noguchi (野口) 96. Matsuo (Matsuo) 97. Kikuchi (Kikuchi) 98. Nomura (Nomura) 99. Arai (新Well) 100. Watanabe (Watanabe) )
Edit this paragraph to
Historical attributes
Place name types
are everywhere, so I don’t want to explain them.
Shi type
A surname that is closely related to the ancient "Shi". Such as: Soga, Monobe, Fujiwara.
Object type
Surnames related to animals, plants, utensils, buildings and other objects. Such as: Nanmu, Ji (meaning table), Tsujitang, Ta (meaning shoes).
Occupational name type
Surnames related to occupation, service position, official position, etc. Such as: Eye (the last of the four-level officials of Shoujiebumu), Weimen, and Blacksmith.
Prenominal type
Prenominal means a given name, a surname developed from a given name. Such as: Yuannai, Weizhen, Erlang.
Abbreviated surname type
A surname that is abbreviated from the original surname. Such as: Zong (Wei Zong), Zhui (Zhuitian), Wu (Buddha). You see, the surname "Wu" has at least two attributes).
When the font is used
It seems that the original surname only has the pronunciation, and the Chinese characters were made up haphazardly later. Such as: Pond Carp, Immortal Plain, News.
Good font
Use auspicious words directly as the surname. Such as: Baomu, Zengman, turtle dragon (by the way, the Japanese concept of turtles is different from the current Chinese people).
Zhuazi type
A surname that was born by changing sounds and characters (similar to using Tongjia characters). For example: Ruolu わかたび (the transferred character and pronounced pronunciation of Ruotabe わかたべ), Cotton Valley (the transferred word for Cotton House).
Disappeared Surnames
Weird surnames that have now disappeared. Such as: Shakyamuni Buddha, Words Tongjuan, Lust Demon (how about it, Japanese surnames are weird, right? Even stranger ones are to come).
Belief type
Surnames related to faith. Such as: adjusting the moon, the stars, and the way of heaven (the above three disappearing surnames also seem to be faith-based).
Ancient type
A surname that is closely related to ancient surnames. Such as: Takeuchi, Lord, Eda.
Foreign type
Surnames introduced to Japan from foreign countries, or surnames with deep ties to foreign countries. Such as: Goryeo, Qin, and Zou.
Okinawa type
A surname that is closely related to Okinawa. Such as: Yonabahara, Shangjiangzhou, Dongfengping.
Given surname type
A surname derived from a given surname. Such as: Orange, Rume, Japan, Toyotomi.
Hyphen
A surname formed by combining two characters from the original surname. Such as: Maru (Maru), Xiaochai (small wood).
Business type
Surnames related to business. Such as: fish house (meaning fish shop), 酢谷 (meaning vinegar shop, "谷" is the homophone of "house", the same below), silk valley.
Royal type
Surnames related to the royal family, royal family, palace family, etc. For example: there are Qichuan, Dahou and Xianyuan.
Name type
A surname developed from a general name. Such as: Min, slave, Saotome.
Ainu type
A surname related to the Ainu minority in Japan, or a surname developed from the Ainu language. Such as: Obi Lemaki, Kindaichi, Ishikari.
Gongjia type
Surnames related to the public family and developed from titles. Such as: Jiu Tiao, He Fin, Gong Qing, Ju).
Compound surname type
The meaning of compound surnames is different from that in China. It refers to a surname born from the merger of two surnames. Such as: Nagasogabe, Takeda Kawabe, and Soda Saito.
Mind type
A surname developed from the ancient occupational tribe, Mingdai tribe, Zidai tribe and other tribesmen. Such as: Zhubu, Hattori, Renkaibu.
かばね type
This is a bit difficult to explain. かばね is a name for some ancient surnames. You may understand it after seeing the examples. Such as: Zhi, Lian, Chen.
Ezo type
Surnames related to Ezo. Such as: prisoner, barbarian, barbarian, barbarian prisoner, and Ezo (all used by the Yamato court to insult Ezo. I wonder who would use such a surname? It has probably disappeared now).
Buddhist type
A surname that is closely related to Buddhism. Such as: Big Buddha, Buddha, Shariputra.
Shinto type
A surname that is closely associated with shrines and Shinto. Such as: three wheels, gods, gods of good fortune.
Event type
Surnames related to events, accidents, causes, etc. Such as: chestnut flowers falling, seeing the moon mountain, and entering.
Stage name type
Surnames developed from nicknames, stage names, pen names, aliases, etc. Such as: Xingruo, Jinchengzhai, Shanami.
Honorific title
A surname developed from honorific title. Such as: Qing, Wang, Dian.
House number type
A surname developed from the house number. Such as: Taki no house, Masuda house, Kakutani (the changed surname of Kakuya).
Ethnic name type
A surname developed from an ethnic name. Such as: Hayato, Earth Spider, Bear Raid.
Unspecified type
A surname of unknown origin.
Edit the historical origin of this paragraph
In the third year of Meiji (AD 1870), the Japanese government made the decision that "all citizens can have surnames." However, not many people responded, so the government had to promulgate the mandatory "Miao Characters Must Be Named Ordinance" in the eighth year of Meiji (1875), which stipulated that "all citizens must have a surname." This is indeed the case. Before 1875, the vast majority of people in Japan, which is just a stone's throw away from us, did not have surnames. It can be said that it is only more than a hundred years ago that Japanese people had surnames. In ancient times, only nobles in Japan had surnames and given names. Their so-called surnames were different from the surnames we understand. At the end of the fourth century AD, Japan's Yamato court unified many small countries in the southern part of the Japanese archipelago into one country. The basis of its political rule was the surname system. Headed by the great king of the Yamato court (later the emperor), a blood-related group was established between the nobles who controlled the central power and the kings of small countries affiliated with the court. These groups were called "family", and a "family" was established. That is, a noble family. Some of the names of surnames come from official positions, some come from the names of places where they live and rule, some come from the names of gods, and some come from skills. For example, those who live in Izumo country are called "Izumo clan", and those who perform sacrificial work are called "Kibbe clan". The Daiou family, which held the highest power in the Yamato court, was the most powerful clan at the time. Later, the royal family gave "surnames" to many clans affiliated to the imperial court according to their closeness, blood relationship, and merit and influence. This "surname" cannot be regarded as a real surname. It is just a title indicating status, family lineage, and position, similar to a title. There were about 30 surnames at that time, among which "Xianchen", "Jun", "Zhi", etc. were given to the royal family and prominent nobles, and were the most powerful surnames. As the population multiplied, a large clan had many branches. These branches gave themselves the name "Miao". The word "Miao" means shoots and branches, that is, branches branching off from the family. For example, Fujiwara is a large clan. After the separation, the Fujiwara clan living in Omi Kingdom took the first names of "Omi" and "Fujiwara" and called them "Kondo". The Fujiwara clan who lived in Ise, Toe, and Kaga were called Ito, Endo, and Kato. By the 8th year of Meiji, people who had never had a surname also wanted to get some glory from the word "Fuji" when choosing their own surname, so "Fujita", "Fujimoto", "Fujii", "Fujiyama", "Fujikawa", "Cane" and other surnames were born. It can be seen from this that the surname at this time can express part of the family blood relationship, but the surname only indicates the status of the family, and the character Miao represents a new branch. However, at this time, the surname, surname, and Miao characters were only available to nobles. In the middle of the seventh century, during the Dahua Reform period, hereditary titles were abolished, and surnames indicating family status lost their meaning. Family names and surnames were mixed into one, and some of them became surnames that have been passed down to the present day. At this time, surnames were still the exclusive preserve of the nobility. By the 19th century, surnames were limited to warriors, wealthy businessmen, and powerful people in the village.
Nowadays, about 90% of young women are named after "子". It is customary for a woman to take her husband's surname after getting married. After Nakano Ryoko married Kawasaki Yoshihiro, she changed her name to Kawasaki Ryoko; Matsuzaki Kimiyo changed her name to Kurimoto Kimiyo after her marriage. Nowadays, more and more women are opposed to husbands and wives having the same surname, and they have also established an "Association Against Husbands and Wifes Having the Same Surname", advocating that they should continue to use their own surnames after marriage. Using numbers in names is another characteristic of Japanese names. There are those with the surnames of Itdan, Futai, Miki, and Shishima Ichikawa; there are those with the surnames of Rokkaku, Nanijiao, Hachima, Kuuki, and Shiseki; there are also those with the surnames of Forty-Five, Isuzu, Hyakugen, Rokubaida, Senke, and even There are people named Baidai and Long live. It is more common to use numbers in first names to express ranking, but some also express birth time. For example, Yamamoto Isoroku was born because his father was 56 years old.
Japan is a country that pays attention to etiquette. In the past, a naming ceremony was held when a child was born, and it was stipulated that it should be held within the 14th day after the child was born, usually on the seventh day. The Japanese called this day "Yu Qiye" is an auspicious day for naming. On the night of naming, a banquet will be held at home to celebrate.
Japanese children can call their parents by their first names in front of outsiders, which is not allowed in most countries.
When it comes to Japanese names, there are many. Japanese names are usually written with surname first and then given name. When translated into Western languages, it is often changed to first name followed by surname, and they are spelled in Romaji according to the original Japanese pronunciation. Since the Japanese government proposed to restrict the use of uncommon Chinese characters in names in 1951, more and more people in Japan have the same surname and name, so some people advocate not using Chinese characters for names, but using "kana" instead. Not only do Japanese have a large number of surnames, but their pronunciation and writing of Chinese characters are also quite complex. Surnames with the same pronunciation can be written in several or even more than a dozen ways, and the same Chinese characters can have several pronunciations. For example: ささき can be pronounced as the following surnames - Sasaki, Sazen, Sasaki, Sasaki, Sasaki, Ling, Que, etc. Japanese people with the surname ことぅ can be written in the following Chinese characters: Goto, Gotou, Wuto, Wudou, Wutong, Eto, Udo, Goto, Goshima, etc. Japanese surnames are so complicated that even the Japanese themselves don’t know how to pronounce them, and they can’t figure out how to write the Chinese characters when they hear the names. A survey shows that as many as 4 million business cards are exchanged a day across Japan, which means that 231 groups of people are exchanging business cards every second. But in Japan, it is very rude to call someone by the wrong name. In order to avoid mistakes, most Japanese people use kana to indicate the Japanese pronunciation next to the name written in Chinese characters.
Japanese people are also accustomed to calling people by their surname instead of their given name. If someone goes to find someone named "Sato", there will probably be several "Sato" who will agree together.
Among them, there are also surnames such as Hinamori and Haibara, but they are very rare
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