The Analects of Confucius pioneered the style of quotations. The exemplary nature of Chinese articles also originates from this. The Analects of Confucius relatively faithfully records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples, and also reflects Confucius's thoughts in a relatively concentrated manner. The present edition of The Analects contains twenty chapters. The core of the political thought of Confucius, the founder of Confucianism, is "benevolence", "propriety" and "righteousness".
The Analects of Confucius is mainly about recording words. "Lun" means "Analects" and "Yu" means discourse, classic sentences, and proverbs. "The Analects" is the language of the Analects (written by Confucius). . "The Analects of Confucius" was written by many hands. It was written by Confucius's disciples, Confucius's disciples, and people outside Confucius, but it was mainly Confucian disciples.
As an excellent collection of quotations This collection of prose essays records Confucius' remarks in concise, concise, implicit and meaningful language. Confucius's teaching words recorded in The Analects of Confucius may be simple responses that stop at the point; they may inspire debates and speak eloquently; they are full of variety and eloquent.
The Analects of Confucius is also good at displaying characters through descriptions of expressions and voice. Confucius is the center of description in "The Analects", "the Master's style is overflowing with aphorisms" ("Wen Xin Diao Long? Zheng Sheng"); the book not only contains static descriptions of his manners and manners, but also contains information about his personality and temperament. Lifelike portrayal. In addition, around the center of Confucius, "The Analects" also successfully portrays the images of some Confucian disciples. For example, Zi Lu's straightforwardness and recklessness, Yan Yuan's gentleness and virtuousness, Zigong's intelligence and eloquence, Zeng Xi's chicness and refinement, etc., all have distinctive personalities and can leave a deep impression on others. Confucius taught students in accordance with their aptitude and gave different teachings to different objects, taking into account their different qualities, advantages and disadvantages, and the specific circumstances of their moral cultivation. It shows the valuable spirit of tireless teaching. According to "Yan Yuan", when the same disciple asked about benevolence, Confucius had different answers. He replied to Yan Yuan, "Restraining oneself and restoring etiquette is benevolence", to Zhong Gong, "Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you," and to Sima Zhong, "The words of a benevolent person are theirs." It’s also a shame.” Yan Yuan was highly educated, so he answered with the outline of "benevolence", while Zhong Gong and Sima Zhong answered with details. Another example is the same question, "What do you do after hearing this?" Confucius replied to Zilu: "Moreover, your parents are here, so why do you do what you heard when you heard this?" Because "You also include people, so retreat." The answer was: "After hearing this, you can do it!" Do it." Because "seeking means retreating, so advancing." This is not only a matter of teaching students according to their aptitude, but also contains Confucius' high sense of responsibility for his disciples.
The Analects of Confucius is a collection of disciples of Confucius, an ancient Chinese thinker who ranks among the top ten historical celebrities in the world, recording the words and deeds of Confucius. It was written in the early Warring States Period. Because Qin Shihuang burned books and harassed Confucian scholars, by the Western Han Dynasty there were only oral transmissions and the notebooks obtained from the walls of Confucius' residence, including: 20 "The Analects of Lu" orally transmitted by the Lu people, and the "The Analects of Qi" orally transmitted by the Qi people. 22 chapters, and 21 chapters of the "Ancient Analects" found in the wall of Confucius' residence. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Zhang Yu, the emperor's teacher, mastered the Analects of Confucius, and based on the Analects of Lu and the Analects of Qi, he wrote another treatise called "Lun on Zhanghou". At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zheng Xuan wrote the "Analects of Confucius" based on "The Analects of Zhanghou" and with reference to the "Analects of Qi" and "The Analects of Ancient Confucius", which is the current version of the "Analects of Confucius". "The Analects of Qi" and "The Analects of Ancient Confucius" were soon lost. There are currently 20 chapters and 492 chapters in The Analects of Confucius, of which about 444 chapters record conversations between Confucius and his disciples, and 48 chapters record conversations between Confucius and his disciples.
As a collection of words and deeds by Confucius and his disciples, "The Analects" has a wide range of contents, mostly involving issues of human social life, and has had a significant impact on the psychological quality and moral behavior of the Chinese nation. Until the New Culture Movement in modern times, it had been a must-read book for Chinese beginners for more than two thousand years.
After the May 4th Movement, "The Analects" as a symbol of feudal culture was listed as an object of criticism and negation. Although there was research and emergence of New Confucianism, in the context of China's democratic revolution, Confucian culture A new climate has not formed in China. The development of the times and the progress of society have forced people to re-choose new ideological and cultural ideas. This is the spread of Marxism in China and the birth and development of new socialist culture.
" ("Yong Ye")
Thirdly, a person must pay attention to the comprehensive development of self-cultivation. Zengzi said: "I will examine myself three times: Is it unfaithful to others? Make friends but don’t believe it? Are you not used to it? "("Xueer") That is: I have to reflect on myself again and again every day: Have I tried my best to help others? Have I been trustworthy in my interactions with friends? Have I reviewed the studies taught by the teacher? Emphasis on cultivating moral character from oneself. On this basis, Confucius emphasized that a person should also pay attention to all-round development. Zi said: "Aspire to Tao, base on virtue, rely on benevolence, and swim in art. "("Shu Er") That is: the ambition lies in Tao, the basis lies in virtue, the knowledge lies in benevolence, and the activity lies in the six arts (ritual, music, archery, charioteering, calligraphy, and mathematics). Only in this way can we truly be a human being. So why did Confucius emphasize Is it necessary to develop a person in an all-round way? This reflects Confucius's understanding of human sociality and the mutual restraint of personal cultivation. He said: "It is based on poetry, established on etiquette, and achieved on music. "("Taibo") That is: poetry can inspire people's spirit, etiquette can strengthen people's sentiments, and music can promote the success of people's careers. Therefore, for personal cultivation, all-round development is extremely important.