The source of the name?

Surname is a symbol of blood relationship in social structure. In matriarchal clan society, people are divided into several clans according to matriarchal blood, and each clan forms a different clan number by totem or place of residence. This clan number is "surname", because at that time people only knew their mother, but not their father, that is, their surname was "girl". The generation of "Shi" is later than that of "surname", because the descendants of clans with the same matriarchal lineage multiply and the population increases, and the same matriarchal clan is divided into several branches to live and live in different places, and each branch must have a title different from other branches, which is "Shi". The surname is constant, but the surname is changeable; Surnames distinguish bloodlines, and surnames distinguish descendants. China people had surnames before the Three Emperors and Five Emperors (about 5, years ago). At that time, it was a matriarchal clan society. They only knew that they had a mother, but they didn't know that they had a father, which means that the earliest surnames were after their mothers. In the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, people had surnames and surnames, which were changed from fiefs, titles and official positions sealed by the monarch, or from titles added after death according to their merits. At the end of primitive society, when the Yellow Emperor ruled the world, there was a surname. In the Xia and Shang dynasties, there were also a small number of "Shi". The largest and most frequent generation of the clan was the Zhou Dynasty. In the early years of the Zhou Dynasty, in order to control the conquered vast areas, princes were enfeoffed on a large scale. Zhou Wuwang, Zhou Gongdan and Cheng Wang successively divided the land into brothers, relatives and heroes with different surnames, and established 71 feudal countries, including 16 brothers of King Wu and 4 nobles with the same surname, and the descendants of these vassal countries took the feudal countries as their surnames. According to statistics, there are 48 Zhou royal families with the same surname, and about 6 others with different surnames. In addition, the vassal States also enfeoffed the domestic Qing doctors in the same way, that is, the descendants of the doctors took the names of the cities they were enfeoffed, such as Tian, Bai, Bao, Fei, Fan, Qu, Zhong Li and Handan. After layers of enfeoffment, the names of feudal countries and cities appeared like mushrooms after rain. Therefore, the Zhou Dynasty was the most important period for the development of Chinese clans. Then, the sources of various forms of surname appear constantly, and the surname breeds more and more, and the number of surname far exceeds the number of surname. At this time, surname and surname merge into one. From ancient times to the present, nine times out of ten surnames used by China people can be said to be derived from surname. During the reign of Emperor Taizong, in 627 AD, there was an official named Gao Shilian, who recorded the "surnames" of the people, wrote a book "Clan Records" and published it all over the world. Hundreds of Surnames, which was popular in China in the old days, was written in the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 96). In it, 48 single surnames and 3 compound surnames were collected, which lasted for 438 years. Later, it was said that there were 4, to 6,, but only about 1, were actually used. On April 24th, 27, the Public Security Administration of the Ministry of Public Security of China made a statistical analysis of the registered population in China, which showed that wang xing was the largest surname in China, with 92.881 million people, accounting for 7.25% of the total population. According to reports, the second surname in China is Li, with 92.74 million people, accounting for 7.19% of the total population of the country; The third place is Zhang, with 87.52 million people, accounting for 6.83% of the national population. There are 1 surnames with a total population of more than 2 million, which are: Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu, Chen, Yang, Huang, Zhao, Wu and Zhou; There are 12 surnames with a population of less than 2 million and more than 1 million, in turn: Xu, Sun, Ma, Zhu, Hu, Guo, He, Gao, Lin, Luo, Zheng and Liang. First, the source of the surname 1. Take the surname as the surname. From the late clan society to the Xia and Shang dynasties, the titles of branch clans became surnames, which were related to matriarchal clans, so surnames at this time were mostly female characters, such as: Ji, Jiang, Yan, Yao; 2. Take the name of the country as the surname. The Xia and Shang dynasties all granted land to Hou Ci, and in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, it was even more sealed. The vassal states, large and small, were all over Kyushu, and these names became the descendants of their countries, such as Han, Wei, Zhao, Song, Zheng, Wu and Qin. 3. Take the city name as the surname. For example, when Zhou Wuwang was appointed, Si Kou was angry and gave birth to a fief in Su, so his descendants were surnamed Su; 4. Take the official position as the surname. For example, the career lawsuit of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Sima, Sikong, Shi, Li and Qian all became surnames later; 5. Take the title of Jue and posthumous title as the surname. The most prominent titles are "Wang" and "Hou", while posthumous title has such titles as Wen, Wu and Mu. 6. Take the words or names of ancestors as surnames. For example, Zhou Pingwang's illegitimate son Lin Kai, his descendants surnamed Lin; 7. Take the place of residence as the surname. For example, the doctors of the Duke of Qi lived in Dongguo, Nanguo, Xiguo and Beiguo respectively, and these four Guo became surnames, such as Chi, Liu, Ximen, Dongfang, Nangong and Xilu. 8. Take ranking as the surname. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, there were Meng Sun Shi, Shu Sun Shi and Ji Sun; 9. Take skill as the surname. There was a Wu family in Shang dynasty, who was the founder of divination with divination, and later generations thought that it existed, and another example was that the surnames such as Bu, Tao, Zhen and Tu were all based on skills; 1. The surnames brought by the integration of ancient ethnic minorities into the Han nationality. Such as Murong, Yuwen, Huyan, etc. 11. Change one's surname because of giving it and avoiding it. For example, Emperor Longwu of the Southern Dynasties gave Zheng Chenggong the national surname "Zhu", and the people in Fujian and Taiwan called Zheng Chenggong "the national surname". Second, the source of names China people pay attention to surnames, and take surnames as their foundation and ownership, but names are also very important, which is the existence of self. In ancient times, they were called numbers, but now they are called names, which are often called nicknames or birth names. Later, with the growth of adults and the expansion of social contacts, they produced "big names" or "scientific names" for later generations. The surname is public, the first name is a private title of people, and the first name is everyone's code. The emergence of "name" is also the inevitable result of the gradual awakening of people's individual consciousness. There are mainly the following sources of names: 1. Festival method: taking the birth season as the name of flowers, such as spring flowers, plums, peaches, plums, summer rains, autumn fruits, autumn rains, Qiu Yan, Dongxiao, winter plums and wintersweet; 2. Place name law: to commemorate the birthplace of children, such as Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Chongqing and Hangzhou; 3. Expectation method: such as Laidi, Gendi, Lingdi, Zhaodi, Yandi, Laibao, Laifa, etc. 4. Animal Law: A Niu, Rat, Small Fish, Puppy, Xiaolong, Aaron, Xiaojun (Horse), Xiaofeng, Fenger, etc. 6, sexual reform: women should be raised by men, such as Ya Nan, Guan Nan, Jia Jun, Jia Xiong; Men should be raised by women, such as Xin Mei, Bao Ji and Qiu Yue. 7. Ranking method: Daniel, Erniu, Sanxiao, Mavericks, Dadong, Erdong and Sandong; Big roots, bright roots (2) and mountain roots (3); Zhang Yi (1) Zhang Er (2) Zhang Shan San (3) and so on. In addition, during the Republic of China, I liked to take foreign names, such as Mary, Helen, Peter, John and Tom. During the Cultural Revolution, I advocated red, construction, defense, loyalty and youth, and now the trend is hazy, foreign and multi-word names. In ancient times, people not only had "names" but also "characters", which evolved from names, so they were called "names". Most of these characters belonged to emperors, officials or literati, but ordinary people didn't take words because of their limited contacts. Now they only have surnames and first names, which are collectively called "names".