Xue (Xuē), a Chinese surname, ranks 68th among hundreds of surnames.
Origin of the surname Fold and edit this paragraph
Xue (Xuē) ) There are three origins of the surname:
Xue Surname Totem
1. It comes from the surname Ren, which was named after Sun Xizhong, the 12th son of Yuyang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, and the country was named after him. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor had twenty-five sons, each with twelve surnames. One of them, named Yuyang, was granted the title of Ren (approximately today's Jining, Shandong Province) and received the surname Ren. According to the "New Book of Tang: Genealogy List of Prime Ministers" and "General Chronicles: Clan Briefing", Yu Yang, the son of the Yellow Emperor, was granted the title of Ren, and his twelfth grandson Xizhong was appointed Xia Chezheng. Xuecheng), the descendants of later generations took the country as their surname. He once moved to Pi (now northwest of Weishan, Shandong Province). Sun Zhonghui, the twelfth generation of Xi Zhong, served as the left prime minister during the Tang Dynasty of Shang Dynasty and returned to Xue. His descendant, Sun Cheng, moved to Zhi, and was renamed Zhi. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Boji Li married Tairen, the daughter of Zhiguo, and gave birth to Ji Chang, who was King Wen of Zhou. After King Wu of Zhou destroyed the Shang Dynasty, he named Cheng's descendants the Marquis of Xue. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Xue Guo moved again to Xiapi (now southwest of Pi County, Jiangsu Province). The state of Xue lived in the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties for the sixty-fourth generation. During the Warring States period, it was destroyed by the state of Qi. The son became an official in the state of Chu, so he took the name of the country as his surname.
2. It comes from the surname Gui. It was named after Mengchangjun (Tian Wen), a descendant of Yushun and Shun, and named after the feudal city. According to "Wu Lu", Lord Mengchang was one of the famous "Four Young Masters of the Warring States Period". His father, Tian Ying, Prime Minister of Qi, was granted the title of Xue by King Qi Min (that is, the old place of Ren surnamed Xue State). After Tian Ying's death, Tian Wen took the title. , Xue is still the food town. By the time of the Qin Dynasty, the six kingdoms were destroyed, their titles were lost, and their descendants were scattered. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Tian Wen's grandsons Tian Guo and Tian Ling came to live in Zhuyi (today's north of Su County, Anhui Province) and were granted the title of Mingshi in the city, so they became the Xue family.
3. Derived from another surname or a surname changed by another clan:
① According to "Book of Wei·Guan Shi Zhi", after Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty moved the capital to Luoyang, he compounded the surname of Xianbei Chi Qian changed his surname to Xue.
② Descendants from the Feng family of King Wen of Zhou Dynasty. In the Tang Dynasty, there was Xue Huaiyi, whose surname was Feng.
③ According to "Tongzhi Clan Briefing", there is a surname of Xue in western Liaoning.
④ Today the Manchu, Mongolian, Tujia and Korean people have this surname.
The ancestor who got the surname: Xi Zhong. The surname Xue comes from the surname Ren of Huangdi. Huangdi had twenty-five sons, each with twelve surnames. One of them, named Yuyang, got the surname Ren because he was granted the title of Ren (now Jining City, Shandong Province). The surname Ren was passed down to the twelfth generation grandson Xizhong. Xi Zhong served as Cha Zheng during the reign of Xia Yu and was the creator of Cha. He lived in Xue and was called Marquis of Xue. Later, the seventh generation grandson of the ancestor said that he was successful, and the whole country moved to Zhi, and the name was changed to Zhiguo. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Zhou Boji Li married Da Ren, a daughter of Zhiguo, and gave birth to a son, Ji Chang, who later became King Wen of Zhou. When King Wu conquered Shang, he was restored to the title of Marquis of Xue. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Huan of Qi dominated the princes, but Marquis Xue refused and was deposed as an earl. In the late Spring and Autumn Period, Mr. Xue became an official in the State of Chu. The people of Xue moved to Xiapi (now Pizhou, Jiangsu Province). King Huai of Chu gave him Pei land as a food town. Xue Guo lived in Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties for sixty-four generations. During the Warring States Period, the country was destroyed, and its descendants took the country as their surname and called it Xue. They respected Xi Zhong as the ancestor of the Xue surname.
Migration distribution, fold and edit this paragraph
Xue surname
1. Qin and Han Dynasties: The Xue family has made great progress since getting the surname in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. develop. Shandong is the birthplace of the Xue family. It is located in the eastern part of the Central Plains. The Xue family spread from Shandong to the surrounding areas. The area of ??activity was roughly in the states of Zhao, Song, Chu, Qi and Qin, which is equivalent to today's Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Parts of Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi and Shandong.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was Xue Bang, a native of Yanzhou and a disciple of Confucius. From the Warring States Period to the Qin Dynasty, the Xue family spread throughout the Central Plains and was already active on the stage of Chinese history. At the end of the Warring States Period, Xue Ni, a descendant of the Xue family, was appointed as the Chu Ling Yin. During the Warring States Period, there was a scholar named Xue Gong in the State of Zhao (the capital was now Handan, Hebei). He was a friend of Lord Xinling, the son of Wei, who lived in the State of Zhao. Thailand aggressively attacked Wei, and the King of Wei sent people to ask Lord Xinling to return to his country to lead the army against Qin. Lord Xinling refused to accept the order because he had conflicts with the King of Wei. After Xue Gong's painstaking persuasion, Lord Xinling Wuji returned to Wei from Zhao, led his troops and sent generals to defeat the Qin army and rescue the Wei state. In the Song Dynasty (now Shangqiu, Henan Province), there was an eminent scholar Xue Juzhou, who was at the center of Chinese civilization at that time. He advocated that both young and old should respect the treasury in order, and was regarded as a moral model by the people of the time; in the Qin Kingdom (now Shaanxi Province), there was Xue Ju, who was said to have superb swordsmanship. , a great master of his generation.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, after a long period of reproduction and development, the Xue family's population increased greatly. Some people were separated in various places due to official duties and other reasons, which expanded the Xue family's distribution area.
During this period, the lower reaches of the Huanghuai River Basin were still an important place of residence for the Xue people. However, the political, economic and cultural center of the country at that time was located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. More and more Xue people moved there either as officials or doing business. To the hinterland of the Central Plains, especially in today's Henan Province, it laid the foundation for the formation of the Xue family's Henan prefecture.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, a relative, usurped the throne and reformed the system. However, the reform did not fundamentally solve the political crisis in the late Western Han Dynasty. Instead, it worsened the social economy and made class conflicts increasingly acute. Finally, the Green Forest Red Eyebrow Uprising broke out. Later, the Green Forest Red Eyebrow Uprising broke out. It turned into a melee between various warlord forces. During this period, part of the Xue family moved south from the Huanghuai River Basin to the Yangtze River Basin to avoid war. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the world was in chaos, warlords were fighting, and the war broke out in the Central Plains. A group of Xue people, led by their leader Xue Yong, followed Liu Bei, the first lord of Shu, into Sichuan. Xue Yong and his son were important ministers of the Shu Han, and the Xue people also took root in Shu. , developed vigorously, and was named Shuxue.
During the more than 400 years of Qin and Han Dynasty, celebrities of the Xue family appeared frequently. When Chu and Han were fighting, Xiang Yu had Xue Gong under him, who was brave and good at fighting. Liu Bang had general Xue Ou, who followed the King of Han and became famous. After the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty granted Xue Ou the title of Marquis of Guangping. He ranked fifteenth among the eighteen marquises of the early Han Dynasty and had 4,500 households. In the fifth year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty, he served as Dianke, in charge of sacrifices and diplomacy. His son Xue Shan was the Marquis of Jing, his grandson Xue Ze was the Marquis of Pingji, his great-grandson Xue Rang was the Marquis of Pingjijie, and his great-great-grandson Xue Qubing was a doctor during the reign of Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty. Xue Guangde, the imperial censor during the reign of Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty, did not remember honor or disgrace, and was upright and outspoken. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Xue Fang, named Zirong, a native of Qi, was at the time when his relative Wang Mang controlled the political power and conspired to usurp the Han Dynasty. On the one hand, he rejected dissidents and brutally attacked ministers who were loyal to the Han Dynasty and did not submit to him. On the other hand, he also They used tricks to win over people's hearts, granted officials and made wishes, promoted officials and nobles, and also invited people of the Qingming Dynasty who were well versed in etiquette and knowledgeable about the past and present to serve as officials in the court. Xue Fang was also one of the conscripts, but Xue Fang saw through Wang Mang's hypocrisy and refused Wang Mang's repeated invitations. He stayed at home to lecture on scriptures, teach essays, and write poems and poems, thus preserving his innocent reputation. After the establishment of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, the founder of the Han Dynasty, heard for a long time that Xue Fang was upright and upright, so he recruited him. Xue Fang happily accepted the order, but unfortunately he died of illness on the way. During Wang Mang's time, there was also Dr. Xue Shun. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, there was a wealthy businessman Xue Zizhong in Luoyang. Luoyang is the eastern capital of the Western Han Dynasty. It is located in the Central Plains, with abundant products, convergence of people, and convenient transportation. It has been a commercial center on land and water since the pre-Qin Dynasty. Xue Zizhong relied on Luoyang's superior business conditions to travel to and from all over the country. He had a huge fortune and was richest in the country. Wang Mang saw that he had made a fortune in such a way that he even invited him to discuss solving the country's financial problems. In the Western Han Dynasty, Xue Gong, a native of Pingling, took Xiaoju as the county magistrate, and was named the Xue family in Guanzhong.
Xue surname
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, the powerful and powerful people were separatist, and the Xue family carried out a large-scale migration amidst social turmoil. From then on, there were traces of the Xue family in the southwest Shu region where barbarians were the majority, and it soon developed into a common surname in the Shu region, with the world name Shu Xue. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, politics was becoming increasingly decadent, the emperor was weak and ignorant, relatives and eunuchs were autocratic, class conflicts were acute, social unrest was unsettled, and the overwhelmed peasants rose up to resist, and the magnificent Yellow Turban Uprising broke out. The centralized power of the Eastern Han Dynasty was greatly weakened, and State and county officials and local powerful people took the opportunity to develop separatist forces. —At that time, all the heroes came together and the world was in chaos. The competition in the Central Plains devastated all living beings. During the war and chaos, the people were displaced and sought refuge in other places. They migrated to the south of the Yangtze River and Bashu.
Among the huge crowd of refugees, a group of Xue people followed Liu Bei into Shu. The leader of this Xue family was named Xue Yong. Xue Yong's father, Xue Lan, was the tenth grandson of Xue Guangde, the imperial censor of the Western Han Dynasty. He once served as a farewell officer in Yanzhou and was later killed by Cao Cao. After his father's tragic death, Xue Yong turned to Liu Bei, who occupied Xuzhou at that time. Liu Bei was immediately defeated by Lu Bu and Cao Cao. After several twists and turns, he was forced to seek employment under Liu Biao in Jingzhou. In the 13th year of Jian'an in the Han Dynasty (AD 208), Cao Cao's army went south and occupied the nine counties of Jingxiang. Liu Bei was defeated by Cao's army again in Dangyang, Hubei. In the end, he had to unite with Sun Quan from Jiangdong to defeat Cao's army in Chibi and win the Battle of Chibi. After the victory, he regained most of Jingzhou and finally had a place to stay. Faced with the pressure from the two major military groups Cao Cao and Sun Quan, Liu Bei had no choice but to develop westward in order to protect himself. Between 211 and 214 AD, Liu Bei finally defeated Yizhou Shepherd Liu Zhang and occupied the land of Xichuan, laying the foundation for the establishment of the Shu Kingdom in the future. During this process, Xue Yong fulfilled his duties, was loyal to his Lord, always followed Liu Bei, fought in both the south and the north, and made outstanding achievements. A large number of Xue clan members also migrated back and forth with Xue Yong and gradually entered Bashu.
From the perspective of historical records, this may be the first large-scale move of the Xue family. Although the history books are unclear about this, after the establishment of the Shu Han Dynasty, Xue Yongsheng was appointed as the governor of Shu County by Liu Bei and his son Xue Qiguan Judging from the situation of the governor of Ba Commandery, it can be seen that their father and son were able to take charge of Ba and Shu Chong Commanderies, which were known as the Great Commandery of Shu and the Pingyi of the Imperial Court at the same time. This shows that they not only made great contributions, but were also able to take on the heavy responsibility of defending the enemy and guarding the border. Many people in Shu took Xue as their surname because they were grateful for his benefits. Probably for this reason, the Xue family had a profound influence in various places in northern Sichuan, and left many place names related to the Xue family. Until the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Weizhou, which belonged to Jiannan Road, still had records of Xuecheng County. After the Song Dynasty, it was renamed Baoning. According to expert research, this may be the old settlement place of the Xue family. In 263 AD, Cao Wei sent troops to destroy Shu. At that time, as many as 5,000 households of the Xue family surrendered. Their huge power also shows that the Xue family occupied a very important political position during the Shu-Han period.
After the fall of the Shu Han Dynasty, in order to completely cut off the Liu family's attempts to restore their homeland, Cao Wei decided to adopt the policy of emigrating to open land and moved the Shu people inland to various parts of the Central Plains. At this time, although Xue Qi surrendered to the Wei Dynasty and was granted the title of Guanglu Doctor, he was also on the list of immigrants and moved to Fenyin, Hedong County with the Xue family. Although most of these Xue clan members were not originally Shu people, Xue Yong was deeply supported by the local Shu people because of his diligence and love for the people. Because they moved from Shu, the world called them "Shu Xue". He became one of the ancestors of the Xue family, a prominent family in Hedong.
2. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties:
During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Xue family showed a momentum of all-round development. Some of them were concentrated in present-day Shanxi, Henan, Shandong, northern Anhui and other places, and formed the main breeding center of the Xue family.
During the Three Kingdoms period, people from the Xue family served in the three regimes of Wei, Shu, and Wu. In the Wei state, there was Xue Xia, a native of Tianshui. During the reign of Emperor Wen of Wei, he was promoted to Secretary Cheng, and Cao Cao regarded him highly. He often talks about the past and present with him, and respectfully calls him "Xue Jun". Xue Lingyun was a beauty in the palace of Emperor Wen of Wei. She was unique in needlework and could cut clothes quickly in a room without lights. She was called the "God of Needles" in the palace. Xue Qi, the leader of the Xue clan in Shu, was the prefect of Ba and Shu counties. From Xue Zong, a native of Zhuyi, to his grandson Xue Jian, he served as the prince's young master for three generations. "From Zong to Jian, it was passed down to the East Palace from generation to generation, and those who talk about it are beautiful." It is particularly worth mentioning that the Xue family in Hedong was formed during the Wei and Jin Dynasties, and gradually developed into a local of a distinguished family. During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, the clan system was prevalent. Regardless of whether the Han government or the ethnic minority government wanted to establish and consolidate its rule, it had to rely on the famous families of the time. Therefore, they attracted and absorbed the famous families of the Central Plains to participate in their political power. The Hedong Xue family, as a surname from Guandong, is also the target of various political powers to actively strive to win over. As the backbone of the ruling group, the Xue family occupies a decisive position.
In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Xue's family shone in all aspects. Xue An, a native of Fenyin in Hedong Province, was a famous general in the Southern Song Dynasty. After joining the Northern Wei Dynasty, he was named the General of Zhennan, the Governor of Xuzhou, and was given the title of Duke of Hedong. His son Xue Yuan was an important military general of Qi in the Southern Dynasty. Xue Andu's nephew, Xue Shen, served as the Hussar General of the Song Dynasty in the Southern Dynasty. Xue Zhendu successively served as the governor of Jingzhou, Yuzhou, and Yangzhou. He was also awarded the title of Jin Ziguanglu, and was added as a regular attendant on casual cavalry. He was able to care for the people and won the trust of Emperor Xuanwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Daibei Xue Baozi, who later settled in Luoyang, Henan, was originally a member of the Chiqian family of the Xianbei tribe. He changed his surname to Xue during Emperor Xiaowen's sinicization reform. He served as the governor of Xuzhou in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Loved by the people. His son Xue Jiao is personable, obeys the etiquette and teaches well, behaves appropriately, and is worshiped as the Minister of the Seven Soldiers. Xue Ti, a native of Taiyuan, was moved to the Jin Dynasty for his political achievements in the early years of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Xue Qiang, a native of Fenyin in Hedong, was originally a doctor of Youguanglu in the Later Qin Dynasty and the Minister of Seven Soldiers, and was granted the title Feng Yigong. His son Xue Bian was General Pingxi of the Northern Wei Dynasty and the governor of Dongyongzhou, and was granted the title of Marquis of Fenyin. Xue Bian's son Xue Jin was the governor of Hedong in the Northern Wei Dynasty, and he was the Marquis of Fenyang. Xue Bian's eldest son, Chuguba, was appointed as the General of Zhenxi and the third division of Kaifu Yitong because of his meritorious service, and he was promoted to the title of Duke of Hedong. The scholar Xue Jing was a general who conquered the captives in the Northern Wei Dynasty and a senior official in the Zhongsan Dynasty. In the Western Wei Dynasty, he became a bourgeois and was promoted to the minister of Zhongshu and the general Andong. Xue Shi, a native of Fenyin, was the leader of Zuo Lang in the Western Wei Dynasty, compiled the history of the country, and moved to the central government to write orders. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, he was promoted to the title of Marquis due to his meritorious service, and was appointed as the General of Hussars, Kaifu Yitong and the Third Division, etc.
Some Xue people who served in the Northern Dynasties continued to hold official positions in the subsequent Sui and Tang Dynasties. Doctor Sijin of the Northern Zhou Dynasty and Duke Xue Zhou of Wencheng County served as the governor of Yanzhou during the reign of Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. Xue Shitong in Yixing (the seat of governance is now Yixing, Jiangsu Province) was a general of Yanglang in the Sui Dynasty. He surrendered in the early Tang Dynasty and was appointed governor of Dongwu Prefecture and Ping Fugong. Later, he was appointed governor of Quanzhou.
Xue Daoheng, a native of Fenyin, Hedong, who had been in charge of the center for a long time, was highly regarded by Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty. Daoheng's brothers, five sons, clan uncles, cousins, etc. often served in the imperial court and were entrusted with important tasks. In the Sui Dynasty, the Xue family in Fenyin, Hedong Province, became prosperous due to the Xue Daoheng family and became a famous family famous throughout the country.
The Yongjia Rebellion occurred at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty. A large number of Central Plains nobles followed the Jin Dynasty to the south.
The surname Xue
3. Sui and Tang Dynasties: During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Xue family not only continued to develop in the middle and lower reaches of the Huanghuai River Basin, but also became popular in northwest China. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Xue family spread mainly along the route from east to northwest. During the Three Kingdoms period, there was Xue Xia from Tianshui (now Tianshui, Gansu) in the Wei Dynasty, which shows that the Xue people were already living in today's Gansu Province at this time. By the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Xue family in Gansu Province had grown in strength. Xue Ju's family in Jincheng (now Lanzhou, Gansu Province) was extremely wealthy. At the end of the Sui Dynasty, he launched an army to rebel against the Sui Dynasty, and later proclaimed himself emperor for a time.
By the Tang Dynasty, the Xue family had reached unprecedented prosperity. Xue's commandery has been fully formed. The political center of the Tang Dynasty was Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi). Because most of the Xue family served as officials in the court, a large number of Xue family members moved to Guanzhong. The Guanzhong area in today's Shaanxi Province became an important breeding ground for the Xue family, and thus ranked among the Guanzhong people. Prominent family. Wu Zetian's daughter Princess Taiping married Xue Shao, who originated from the Xue family in Hedong. This was not only a favor, but also the Tang Dynasty's win over the Xue family.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, some of the Xue family from Henan entered Fujian with Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi.
4. Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties:
In the Five Dynasties period, there was Xue Huairang, whose ancestors were Rong people, indicating that he joined the Xue family from ethnic minorities. He was brave since he was a child. He served as a military officer during the reign of Emperor Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Dynasty, and during the reign of Emperor Mingzong of the Tang Dynasty, he served as the capital school of Shenwuxiang and the governor of the state. In the later Jin Dynasty, he successively served as the training envoy of the Suzhou regiment. During the Later Han Dynasty, he served as an envoy of the Anguo Army and later moved to Tongzhou. In the later Zhou Dynasty, he was given the title of Tongping Zhangshi and was appointed as the General of Zuotunwei and the General of Zuowuwei.
After the establishment of the Song Dynasty, the country was reunified and the people were able to live a relatively stable and stable life. During this period, the Xue family was scattered throughout the country and developed relatively steadily. Among them, the Xue Juzheng family was more prominent in the early Northern Song Dynasty.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Xue family grew in size and its people spread all over the country. Especially the migration to the south progressed faster and became larger. Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the Xue family in Fujian has branched out into Haiyang, Wuhua, Xingning, Meizhou and other branches in Guangdong. In the Yuan Dynasty, Xue Xin moved from Ninghua to Pingyuan, Guangdong, and later from Pingyuan to Chengxiang (now Chengxiang, Fujian). As a family with a long history and glorious deeds, the Xue family during this period were not inferior to their ancestors and were active on the stage of history with colorful images.
Since the Southern Song Dynasty, the Xue family in Fujian has branched out into Haiyang, Wuhua, Xingning, Meizhou and other branches in Guangdong.
Since the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, the Xue family from Fujian and Guangdong have successively moved in, and since then some have spread overseas.
5. Moving to Taiwan:
Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Xue family from the southeastern coast has moved into Taiwan sporadically. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, troops were sent to attack the Zheng family's regime in Taiwan, and then they stationed troops in Taiwan and set up prefectures and counties. At that time, Taiwan was a sparsely populated and fertile land, which was very attractive to the residents of Fujian and Guangdong, which was narrow and densely populated. Therefore, people from Fujian and Guangdong came to Taiwan to colonize, including people of the Xue family. Around 1710 AD, there was a man named Xue Da who came to reclaim Dongbao to hunt. There was also a Cantonese man named Xue Changgui who settled in Tamsui. During the Qianlong period, Xue Junlong came from Guangdong to Da Tao Village in Taoyuan to cultivate land, and Xue Huamei from Guangdong settled in Dongshi Town in Taichung County. In modern times, especially after the Treaty of Shimonoseki between China and Japan in 1895, the relationship between the mainland and Taiwan was interrupted for fifty years. It was not until Japan surrendered in August 1945 that Taiwan returned to the embrace of the motherland. During this period, very few of the Xue family immigrated to Taiwan. After the Kuomintang regime retreated to Taiwan in 1949, a large number of people from the party, government, military, science, education, and culture moved to Taiwan from the mainland. Among them were many Xue people, such as senior Kuomintang general Xue Yue and senior newspaperman Xue Yue. Xinrong et al.
6. Migrating overseas:
At the same time that the Xue people moved to Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty, some people also began to cross the ocean and migrate to Southeast Asia and other places, becoming local overseas Chinese. In modern times, due to the abolition of world slavery, European and American countries and their colonies were in urgent need of a large number of cheap labor. At this time, the Qing government was also in a volatile political situation and was in urgent need of foreign exchange to make up for its huge trade deficit.
For example, in the 10th year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (1886 AD), Zhang Zhidong, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi, reported that remittances totaling 20 million silver dollars (14 million taels of silver) were needed every year, which was equivalent to 65% of the annual tariff revenue in the late Guangxu period. , so it not only lifted the maritime ban in the early Qing Dynasty, but also vigorously encouraged Chinese to work abroad. This greatly stimulated China's enthusiasm for immigrating overseas and further expanded the number of overseas Chinese. According to incomplete statistics, by the end of Guangxu's reign, there were more than four million overseas Chinese and ethnic Chinese around the world, including a large number of Xue clan members.
Today, the Xue clan has spread all over the country, mostly in Jiangsu, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Fujian and other provinces. The Xue clan in these areas account for 63% of the Han Xue clan population in the country. %. Xue is the 48th most common surname in China today, with a population of about 6.72 million, accounting for 0.42% of the country's population.
Fold and edit this paragraph with the number of County Wangtang
Xue’s surname
1. County Wang: Hedong County:
In ancient times, Hedong County had Four: One refers to the entire Shanxi Province today. Second, in the early Qin Dynasty (221 BC), a county was established, with its administrative seat in Anyi (today's Xia County, Shanxi Province). At that time, the area under its jurisdiction was Xia County, Linfen City, Wanrong County, Yongji City, and Wenxi County in Shanxi Province. area. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was moved to Puban (now Puzhou Town, Yongji, Shanxi). In the Sui and Tang dynasties, it was Hedong County of Puzhou. During the Sui Dynasty, Puban was divided into Puban and Hedong County was established as the administrative seat. In the Ming Dynasty, it was merged with Hedong County and included in Puzhou. Third, during the Tang Dynasty, there was the Hedong Road, and the Hedong Jiedushi was established. The Dao was governed in Puzhou, and the Jiedushi was located in Taiyuan (today's Taiyuan, Shanxi). Fourth, during the Song Dynasty, there was Hedong Road, which was located in Bingzhou (Taiyuan Prefecture, today's Taiyuan, Shanxi). At that time, the northern part of its jurisdiction was limited to the Great Wall, and it also included the northeastern corner of today's Shaanxi Province. During the Jin Dynasty, it was divided into Henan Road and Hebei Road. The South Road was governed in Pingyang (now Linfen, Shanxi), and the North Road was governed in Taiyuan Prefecture. At that time, the area under its jurisdiction was the area around Xia County east of the Yellow River in Shanxi Province. During the Ming Dynasty, Hedong County was merged into Puzhou.
Xincai County:
It was originally the area of ??Lu State during the Zhou Dynasty, which is now the Xincai area of ??Henan Province. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Marquis Cai Ping moved the capital from Shangcai to Xiacai, hence the name, also known as Xincai. Xincai County was established in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Hui of the Jin Dynasty separated Xincai County from Ruyin County and governed Xincai (now Xincai, Henan Province). During the Northern Qi Dynasty, it was changed to Guangning County. During the Sui Dynasty, it was renamed Caizhou.
Peijun:
Also known as Peiguojun and Peixian, it was founded in the early Han Dynasty. After the founding of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, changed his hometown of Sishui County to Pei County, and his administration was located in Xiangxian County (today's Suixi, Anhui). Wang Mang was changed to Wufu County, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty it was changed to Pei Kingdom. During the Three Kingdoms period, the Wei Dynasty moved to Peixian County (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province). In the Western Jin Dynasty, the old rule was restored, and later it was restored to a county, and then moved to Peixian County. In the Southern Song Dynasty, it was moved to Xiao County (now Xiao County, Anhui). The Northern Qi Dynasty was abolished. The early jurisdiction of Peijun included places north of Huaihe River in Anhui Province, east of Xifei River, Xiayi and Yongcheng in Henan Province, and Peixian and Fengxian counties in Jiangsu Province. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was changed to a state, and later it was changed back to Peijun. The area under its jurisdiction was greatly reduced, and the county administration was frequently moved.
Beiping County:
It was first established by the Yan State during the Warring States Period. It was used by the Qin State after it destroyed the Yan State. Its jurisdiction was in the northeastern part of Hebei and the west of Liaoning. It was governed in Jixian County. What is now Beijing was Guangyang County at that time, and Yuyang County was separated from Youbeiping. During the Western Han Dynasty, Beiping belonged to the Guangyang Kingdom, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was renamed Guangyang County, both separated from Youyang Beiping by Yuyang County. "Historical Records: Biography of General Li" states that he "lived widely in Youbeiping". During the Three Kingdoms period, Beiping belonged to the State of Yan, and the northern part of Beiping was invaded by Dong Xianbei (later Yuwenbu). The territory was narrow and Yuyang remained unchanged. During the Western Jin Dynasty, the State of Yan merged with Yuyang County. Right Beiping County was renamed Beiping County, and its jurisdiction remained unchanged. During the Sixteenth Kingdom of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, there were many changes in the jurisdiction of the three counties. When the Yan State was called Yan State, it was called Yan County. Yuyang was established and then withdrawn, and Beiping was relatively stable. During the Jin and Wei dynasties, Beiping County moved to Xinchang (today's Lulong, Hebei Province) and belonged to Pingzhou (the state was governed in Liaoxi County). The current place was Yan County at that time, where the state of Youzhou was located. Yuyang belongs to Youzhou. During the Sui Dynasty, Liaoxi County was withdrawn and the administration of Beiping County remained unchanged. The governance of Yuyang County returned to Ji County. Today it belongs to Zhuo County, which has a vast jurisdiction. The Great Wall extends from Tianjin to the northwest and connects with the Turks. The county was called Jixian when it was governed. During the Tang Dynasty, Beiping County was changed to Pingzhou. From 714 to 743 AD, it was the Andong Protectorate. Yuyang was divided into Jizhou and Tanzhou. Beiping was the seat of Youzhou, which governed the two cities of Beijing and Tianjin today. Fanyang Festival was established. Due to the envoy, "Beiping" disappeared for the first time. During the Liang Dynasty, Beijing was called Youzhou and Lulong was appointed as the envoy. Later Tang Dynasty remained the same. During the Jin Dynasty, it was ceded to Khitan. During the Liao Dynasty, a five-capital system was implemented, including Shangjing, Tokyo, Xijing, Nanjing, and Zhongjing. The area was Nanjing Xijin Prefecture and belonged to Pingzhou.
During the Jin Dynasty, a five-capital system was also implemented, including Shangjing, Tokyo, Xijing, Nanjing, and Beijing. Among them, "Beijing" was located south of Chifeng and west of Ningcheng in present-day Inner Mongolia, and was called Dading Prefecture in Beijing. Today Beijing is the Daxing Prefecture of Zhongdu. "Beijing" appears for the first time. Peiping did not appear, and the original place was Pingzhou. During the Yuan Dynasty, today's Beijing was called Dadu Road, which governed approximately Beijing and Tianjin. Peiping did not appear, and the original place was Yongping Road. Beijing did not show up. In the early Ming Dynasty, Beijing was called Peiping, and Peiping reappeared. Before Ming Dynasty Chengzu moved the capital, he changed Peking to Beijing and implemented the two-capital system. After the capital was moved, it was also called the capital. "Beijing" appears, and "Beiping" disappears again. The Qing Dynasty entered the customs and adopted the naming method of the Ming Dynasty. The Qing emperor abdicated, Yuan Shikai stole power and refused to go south. The Nationalist government was forced to move to Beijing. The name of Beijing remained unchanged and Peiping did not appear. After the fall of the Beiyang government, the Nationalist Government was stationed in Nanjing and Beijing was renamed Peking. In 1949, when the People's Republic of China was founded, Peiping was renamed Beijing and its capital was established here. "Beiping" has disappeared.
Gaoping County:
Originally Gaoping County (now Guyuan, Ningxia), in the first year of Taishi in the Western Jin Dynasty (Yiyou, 265 AD), the original Shanyang County in the Han Dynasty was It was changed to Gaoping County, with Changyi (today's Juye, Shandong Province) as its administrative seat, and seven counties under its jurisdiction, including Juye, Jinxiang, Jiaxiang, Yanzhou, Yutai, Zouxian and other places in Shandong Province today. This county existed in the Han Dynasty, the Sixteen Kingdoms, and the Northern Wei Dynasty. In the Northern Zhou Dynasty, it was changed to Pinggao County (now Guyuan, Ningxia). During the Han Dynasty, it was known as the "No. 1 City of Gaoping" because it was dangerous and solid. During the Northern Wei Dynasty, military towns and counties were established in this area, both of which were called Gaoping. The Southern Song Dynasty moved to Gaoping (now Weishan, Shandong), the Northern Qi moved to Rencheng (now Jining, Shandong), and was abolished in the early years of the Sui Dynasty.
2. Hall number:
Hedong Hall: The hall is built with hope.
Xincai Hall: The hall is built with hope.
Peiguotang: The hall is built with hope.
Gaopingtang: The hall is built with hope.
Zhongjian Hall: During the Han Dynasty, Xue Guangde, a native of Pei, was the censor and dared to give direct advice. Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty wanted to build a boat for his own amusement. Xue Guangde took off his hat to stop him. If Emperor Yuan of the Han Dynasty didn't listen, he planned to hit the wheel of the emperor's chariot with his bare head. As a result, the emperor accepted his advice.
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Xue surname
Jiacheng genealogy book is a book that records the clan lineage. In short, it is a family tree, also known as genealogy. Genealogy, family ultimatum, family genealogy, and genealogy generally refer to historical books or charts used to record the deeds of a family lineage. The origin of surnames, family migration, population rise and fall, personal anecdotes, and customs can all be included in the genealogy. It can be said that it is The development history of the clan. Due to different families, the content reflected in the genealogy is also different. With the passage of time and the renewal and reconstruction of family trees, the form of the family tree has become more and more perfect, and the content has become richer and richer. Therefore, a unique family tree culture has been formed accordingly. Although the Xue family has a long history and a long pedigree, due to various historical reasons, it is impossible to verify when the family started compiling the genealogy. However, judging from the deeds of Xue Andu's family in the Northern Dynasties, it should be no later than the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, which is related to the genealogy of the clan that was popular at that time. The earliest preserved Xue family genealogy is "Yuanhe Surname Compilation" by Lin Bao, a historian of surnames in the Tang Dynasty. This book has a detailed record of the family status of the surname before the mid-Tang Dynasty. The theory of surnames and surnames is mostly derived from the historical books "Shiben", "Customs and Customs", "Sanfu Juelu" and "Xingyuan". Many of these books were lost in later generations. Thanks to the citations in the "Yuanhe Surname Compilation", later generations of scholars were able to understand the outline of the surnames. When Ouyang Xiu and others in the Northern Song Dynasty compiled "New Book of Tang", they referred to the historical book "Yuanhe Surname Collection", and their "Xue Family Genealogy Table" systematically described the two chief branches of the Xue family, Ren Xue and Gui Xue. The origin and end of.
Most of the existing family trees are from the Ming and Qing dynasties when genealogy revision was in vogue. Most of these genealogies have fixed styles and formats, including genealogy names, genealogy prefaces, rules, genealogical treatises, portraits, records of honors, ancestral examinations, family rules and family laws, auditoriums, five-service diagrams, lineages, biographies, family property, and deeds. Contents such as literary covenants, tombs, generational genealogy, continuation genealogy, and genealogy names, among which genealogy names, genealogy prefaces, portraits, ancestor examinations, lineages, biographies, etc. are all common contents and are also the center of various genealogies.
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Xue's surname
Xue's generation in Jin County, Liaoning: "Following the success of Shun Ji Mei Dazhong and his acceptance" . Xue's family name in Niuwan, Xincai, Henan: "Xiao Ling Zhao Qing Shou Shan Guang Zong En Pei Shi Yin unified the style".
Historical celebrities fold and edit this paragraph
Xue surname
Zhong Xi: The ancestor of the Xue surname, the son of the Yellow Emperor, Yu granted him the title of Xue State (now Xue, Shandong Province) City) served as the left prime minister during the Shang and Tang Dynasties, and returned to Xue. Later generations passed down the country as a surname.
Xue Daoheng: (540-609 AD), courtesy name Xuanqing; a native of Fenyin, Hedong (now Wanrong, Shanxi). Famous Sui Dynasty official and poet. Xue Ju: (AD? ~618), a native of Fenyin, Hedong. Famous Sui Dynasty general.
Xue Rengao: (years of birth and death to be determined), the eldest son of Xue Ju; a native of Fenyin, Hedong. Famous Sui Dynasty general.
Xue Dading: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Fenyang, Puzhou. A famous official of the Tang Dynasty.
Xue Rengui: (614-683 AD), named Rengui, a native of Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). Famous Tang Dynasty generals participated in the wars against Goguryeo, Uighur, Khitan, Tibet, and Turks. When Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was conquering Goguryeo, he found that a white-clothed young man in the Tang army who used Fang Tian to draw a halberd was unusually brave. He summoned him and said: I don't like Liaodong. , I am so happy to have you. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty did not misjudge the person. Later, Xue Rengui's achievements were as follows: he captured the Khitan king alive, captured the Huihe leader alive, and led his army to completely destroy Goguryeo (a country that was not destroyed in several eastern expeditions with the Tang Dynasty). .
Xue Dingshan: named Xu Na, son of Xue Rengui, married Fan Lihua, once led the army to pacify Xiliang, but was later killed by Wu Zetian. New Book of Tang Dynasty: He has a dull nature, is brave and taciturn, and when he uses troops, he becomes stronger in the face of a powerful enemy.
Xue Na: (years of birth and death to be determined), the son of Xue Rengui, a native of Longmen, Jiangzhou (now Hejin, Shanxi). Famous Tang Dynasty general.
Xue Ji: (649-713 AD), courtesy name Sitong; a native of Fenyin, Puzhou (now Wanrong, Shanxi). One of the four famous calligraphers in the early Tang Dynasty. He was born as a Jinshi and was the grandson of Wei Zheng. He served as an official to the crown prince, Taibao, and Minister of Rites. He is good at painting figures, birds and animals, and his painting of cranes is particularly vivid, which was regarded as a masterpiece at that time. His calligraphy is also known as one of the "Four Great Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty" along with Ouyang Xun, Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang. He became the Crown Prince Shaobao, the Minister of Rites, and was known as "Xue Shaobao".
Xue Tao: (770-832 AD), female, one from Hongdu, a native of Chang'an (now Xi'an, Shaanxi, one from Sichuan). Famous prostitute, poet, and inventor of papermaking in the Tang Dynasty. According to the historical book "Fangyu Shenglan", during the mid-Tang Dynasty, "in the early Yuan Dynasty, Xue Taohong, a Shu prostitute, used paper industry to make ten-color small paper, named Xue Tao paper, also known as Shu paper." In the historical book "Xue Tao Xiaobiography" Zhong also said: "Tao, when he came to Baihuatan, wrote a small crimson paper, cut it for chanting, and entertained the virtuous, he was called Xue Tao's paper at that time."
Xue Xue: (1681-1770 AD) Years), his character is white and his nickname is Yidian; he is from Wuxian County (now Suzhou, Jiangsu Province). Famous Qing Dynasty medical scientist.
Xue Juzheng: (912-981 AD), courtesy name Ziping; a native of Junyi (now Kaifeng, Henan). Famous historian of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Xue Shaopeng: (year of birth and death to be determined), courtesy name Daozu, nickname Cuiwei Jushi; a native of Chang'an (today's Xi'an, Shaanxi), he calls himself "a descendant of Sanfeng in Hedong". Famous calligrapher of Song Dynasty.
Xue Wangxuan: (years of birth and death to be determined), a native of Hejin, Shanxi. Famous Ming Dynasty scholar and Neo-Confucianist. He was appointed as the right minister of the Ministry of Rites and a bachelor of the Hanlin Academy, and joined the cabinet to attend to the secrets of Henan Province. He is the author of "Records of Reading", "Quotes on Politics", "Collected Works of Xue Wenqing", etc.
. Famous Ming Dynasty painter.
Xue Yunsheng: (1819-1901 AD), courtesy name Keyou, nickname Yunjie; a native of Xi'an, Shaanxi. A famous legal scholar in the late Qing Dynasty. . He is the author of "Reading Cases and Questions" and "Tang Ming Lv Compilation".
Xue Fucheng: (1838-1894 AD), courtesy name Shuyun; a native of Wuxi, Jiangsu. Famous Qing Dynasty diplomat and reformist.
Xue Shiyu: (1818-1885 AD), also known as Weinong, also known as Shusheng, also known as Sanggen old man; a native of Quanjiao, Anhui. Famous local official and educator in the Qing Dynasty.
Xue Shanggong: (date of birth and death to be determined), courtesy name Yongmin; a native of Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang). A famous epigrapher and philologist of the Song Dynasty.
Xue Bing: (years of birth and death to be determined), nicknamed Juyin Jushi; a native of Huating County, Songjiang Prefecture. The famous chess player of the Qing Dynasty.
Xue Yue: (1896-1998 AD), whose original name was Xue Yangyue and whose courtesy name was Boling. Later, he simply changed his name to Xue Yue because of his respect for Yue Fei. A native of Lechang, Guangdong. Famous Kuomintang military general.