There are generally three types of accounts: self-account, complimentary account, and alias. Choose one according to your own needs
[Edit this paragraph] Self-account
Usually there is a meaning.
1. Or call yourself Mr. Wuliu based on the environment of your place of residence: For example, Tao Qian calls himself Mr. Wuliu. Li Bai lived in Qinglian Township, Sichuan since he was a child, so he called himself Qinglian layman. Su Shi, who called himself Dongpo Jushi. Lu You, named Guitang. Xin Qiji was known as Jiaxuan layman. Zhu Houyi, Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty, called himself Jintang Old Man, Zhu Houcong, Emperor Shizong of Ming Dynasty, called himself Diaosou Tianchi, and Zhu Yijun, Emperor Shenzong of Ming Dynasty, called himself Yuzhai. In his later years, Qianlong called himself the Shiquan Old Man and the Ancient Emperor. Xianfeng (Yi) calls himself a Taoist.
2. Or he named himself based on his ambitions: Du Fu, who called himself Shaoling Ye Lao, "Ten thousand volumes of books, a thousand volumes of ancient inscriptions, a piano, a game of chess, a pot of wine, a "Old Man" - "Sixty-One Lay Master" is Ouyang Xiu's self-title in his later years. He Zhizhang, who called himself Siming Kuangke; Jin Xinnong, who called himself a monk, porridge rice monk, both reflected his personal interests.
3. Some people also name themselves based on their birth date, age, literary artistic conception, physical features, and even shocking words.
Xin Qiji called himself Master Sixty-One, Zhao Mengfu was born in the Jiayin year and called himself Jiayinren; Zheng Yuanyou in the Yuan Dynasty called himself Shang Zuosheng; in the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yunming called himself Zhuzhizhisheng, which later evolved among the people. Zhu Zhishan. Zhu Zun, who called himself the Sunset Fragrant Grass Village, and Tang Yin, who called himself the most talented man in the south of the Yangtze River, was the person in charge of the marriage case in Pujiu Temple. Xu Shupi, a Taoist who calls himself Buried Alive.
[Edit this paragraph] Bonus number
There are three main situations:
1. The number is based on anecdotal characteristics. For example, Li Bai was known as the Immortal. In the Song Dynasty, He Zhu wrote a good line about "The smoke of willows in the river, the plums in yellow and the rain", so he was known as He Meizi. Zhang Xian is known as "Zhang Sanying" because he wrote three good poems with the word "shadow": "The clouds break through the moon and the flowers make shadows", "The shadows of the mountains are seen where the duckweed breaks", and "The shadows of the swings pass through the partition wall". Another similar example is:
The mountains are covered with faint clouds, Qin Xueshi - Qin Guan's "Man Ting Fang" poem "The mountains are covered with faint clouds, and the sky is covered with decaying grass."
The reflection of dew flowers in Liu Tuntian - Liu Yong, there is a sentence "reflection of dew flowers" in the poem "Po Zhenzi".
Zhang Guyan - "Jie Lianlian·Guyan" by Zhang Yan.
Hongxing Shangshu - "Magnolia" by Song Qi (Ministry of Industry and Trade) "It is cold spring outside the green poplar smoke, but the spring is full of red apricot branches."
The pen names and stage names of modern and contemporary writers can also be included in the category of accounts. Some are self-authored accounts, and some are gifted accounts.
Guo Moruo’s (pen name) original name is Kaizhen. Ba Jin, Xia Yan, and Bing Xin are all pen names (self-titles) rather than their original names.
Artistic name (gift number): Zhang Yingjie - Gai Jingtian, Niu Junguo - Niu Decao, Xun Huisheng - Bai Mudan, Li Huimin - Bai Yushuang, Mao Zhihuang - Mao Sanshou .
2. Use official position, office or place of birth as the number. Wang Anshi was called Wang Linchuan; Du Gongbu (Du Fu), Jia Changsha (Jia Yi); Wang Youjun (Wang Xizhi); Tang Xianzu was called Tang Linchuan; Kang Youwei, a native of Nanhai, Guangdong, was called Kang Nanhai; Kong Rong, who was the governor of Beihai, was called Kong Beihai; Gu Yanwu, A native of Tinglin Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, he is known as Gu Tinglin. The folk song of the Qing Dynasty "Prime Minister Hefei Tian Xia Shou" refers to Li Hongzhang (a native of Hefei), and "Si Nong Changshu Shi Shi Shi Wu" refers to Weng Tonghe, who was a Changshu native and served as the Minister of Household Affairs at that time.
3. Use titles and posthumous titles as titles
Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang and was known as Wuhou; Sima Guang was granted the title of Wen Guogong, and Yue Fei was given the posthumous title of Wu Mu.
After the Song Dynasty, literati mostly used nicknames to refer to each other, which resulted in a situation where many nicknames were used in the world, but their names were ignored. Su Shi had 38 names in 14 categories in his life.
Mr. Lu Xun was 57 years old in his life (1881-1936). He used more than 140 names (mainly pen names). Lu Xun's original name was Zhou Zhangshu, with the courtesy name Hencai, and he changed his name to Shuren. In 1898, he used the pseudonym Jia Jiansheng and Shuren for the first time. In 1818, when "Diary of a Madman" was published, he began to use the pseudonym Lu Xun. There were more after the 1930s, with the highest number being 26 in 1933 and 41 in 1934. These two years were also the peak of his creation and the period when he produced the most works.
Since the number can be picked up and given as a gift, it is free and changeable. As a result, many literati have many nicknames, and the number can reach dozens or hundreds. "Too many nicknames will cause confusion" (Zheng Banqiao's collection of paintings. Jin Qiu's paintings on the four lines). Therefore, after modern times, especially after the founding of the People's Republic of China, Since then, the use of pseudonyms by literati has greatly diminished. Many people publish their works using their real names instead of pen names. A few literati have nicknames, most of whom were famous before the 1930s and 1940s. For example, Lu Xun once called his study, Green Forest Study Room, and Jie Pavilion; Wang Li called himself Long Chong and Diao Zhai; Yao Xueyin, Wu Zhijing Zhai; Ye Shengtao never tired of living there, and Yu Pingbai Guhuai Study House, this can be said to be a legacy.
[Edit this paragraph] Nickname
A nickname is a title other than a person's name, often with an artistic flavor. The nickname given by celebrities and elegant scholars is called "elegant nickname". The number is usually one person per person, sometimes it is called an alias, but not always. The number usually uses two characters, and the alias usually uses more than three characters. However, because it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the alias and the number, the number with more than three characters is used. It looks like a lot.
An alias is a self-identification other than a name. According to ancient books such as Wu Lai's "Three Tombs" and "Han Shi Wai Zhuan", the nickname originated in ancient times, but Qing Dynasty scholar Zhao Yi believed that it was probably made up by later generations. Judging from historical records, even if Fan Li was not the first to give himself a nickname, he was at least one of the "first batch". For example, "Historical Records Suoyin" states that Gan Mao lived in Chuili, Yin Township, Weinan, so he was named "Choulizi". Su Qin and Zhang Yi, the famous strategists of the Warring States Period, both studied under "Guiguzi". During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there were "father-in-law on the river" and "gong on the river". It can roughly explain the time of its origin, which is around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. And the purpose of using a nickname besides the name seems to have been explained by the identity of the person who took the number, who is mostly a recluse - it is just to hide his real name.
This practice of giving nicknames because they did not seek to be famous and famous was inherited from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Wei and Jin Dynasties for more than 700 years. The so-called "Four Shangshan leaders" such as "Qili Ji", "Mr. Jiaoli", etc., who Liu Bangdun, the emperor of the Han Dynasty, could not hire, were all named after their names, and their surnames are still unknown; Tao Qian, a native of Jin Dynasty, sang "Go back home" After "Xi", he was nicknamed "Mr. Wuliu": Liang Tao Hongjing of the Southern Dynasties hid in the mountains to manipulate the political situation and called himself "Huayang Yinjun". He signed himself as "Yinjun" when communicating with people in letters, for fear of exposing his identity. But after entering the Tang Dynasty, the trend changed, and many literati were given the title of "Siming Kuangke", Zhang Zhihe was called "Yanbo Diaosou", Lu Guimeng was given the title of "Jianghu Sanren", etc. However, generally speaking, the identity of the person who took the title is generally within the scope of living in seclusion and not serving as an official, or resigning and returning to work to live in the world.
Starting from the Song Dynasty, it became a social fashion to give oneself another name. At that time, Buddhism and Taoism were in parallel, and the nicknames tended to include "lay Buddhists" and "Taoists", so they were also called Taoist names. Not only are the people who take the number one or more, not only the eccentric, the curious, but also the gentry, and even the peddlers and charlatans all have one.
From concealing one’s name and taking a nickname, to borrowing a nickname and signing one’s own name, the purpose of the nickname has finally become a mark of elegance.
Nicknames are made up by the user himself. Unlike names, which are restricted by family and peers, and unlike names, which are often given by or influenced by parents, they can be compared. Freely express or express the person's temporary emotions and even lifelong interests. For example, the patriotic poet Lu You of the Southern Song Dynasty cried when he was worried. He had no way to serve his country, was depressed in thought, and could not help but behave erratically. He was ridiculed as an indulgent person who did not abide by etiquette. He simply called himself "Fang Weng" to show his respect for the powerful and etiquette. of contempt. In addition, unlike a name, a nickname cannot be easily changed once it is registered in the household registration (for those who are official, it must also be registered in the resume). Instead, it can be invented at any time and used at any time, which has great flexibility. Therefore, many people often have more than one alias. It is also possible for people to get a glimpse of the changes in their thoughts and interests at various stages of time by changing their aliases throughout their lives.
For example, the national hero Wen Tianxiang in the late Southern Song Dynasty is an example: when he took the imperial examination, his nickname was "Lu Shan", and his meaning was nothing more than admiring the sages and learning to do good things. During the palace examination, Emperor Lizong praised him, "The auspiciousness of the sky is the auspiciousness of the Song Dynasty!" The nickname was changed to "Song Rui".
However, the country in the Song Dynasty had no auspiciousness to speak of, and Wen Tianxiang himself was even less ambitious. When he learned about Ruizhou in the fifth year of Jingding (1264), he was slandered and almost lost because of what kind of ceremony he used to mourn his remarried grandmother. official. In a rage, Lin Quan had the idea of ????ending his official career, so he built a "savage house" and called himself "Savage". After that, he built a villa in his hometown of Wenshan and changed its name to "Wenshan". He really began to abandon his official position and live in seclusion. More than two years later, the mountains and rivers were in turmoil, and Qingxing, who lived in seclusion in Wenshan, could no longer withstand the storm of the Yuan Dynasty's southern invasion, so he was called out of the mountain to serve the country until he failed to resist the Yuan Dynasty and was captured. At this time, he also had nicknames such as "Taoist Fuxiu" and "Taoist Sanlia" to show his attitude towards life that he regarded death as home. He also recited the "Song of Righteousness" which has been passed down through the ages.
The use of the title is an honorific title for others, such as Du Fu's title "Shaoling Ye Lao" and Huang Tingjian's title "Valley Taoist". When people call Du Shaoling or Huangshan Valley, it means respect. Lu Xun was once a disciple of Zhang Binglin. Later, he wrote a text in memory of his teacher and titled it "Two or Three Things About Mr. Taiyan". In my case, it is a casual signature. No signature is needed on any official documents or memorials. The most commonly used place is to sign poems, calligraphy, paintings and other works. In "The Strange Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years", a "famous scholar" named Mei once said: "How can a poet not have a nickname? If he doesn't have a nickname, the name of the poem will be obscured." This probably made sense to many people. The original intention of betting.
Judging from the wording of the nickname, it means turning around among dozens of specific nouns. Xu Guangpu of the Song Dynasty once compiled the "Self-number Record". According to the last one or two characters of the nicknames of people in the Song Dynasty, there were only 36 categories. However, virgins, laymen, gentlemen, old people, old men, old men, etc. took over the big ones, or relied on the old to sell the old. , either dissolute and self-centered, or self-beautiful and elegant. As for the superficial interpretation, most of them focus on despising wealth and being otherworldly. This is probably the reason why there are many laymen, Taoists, fishermen, woodcutters, and wild men in the nicknames. If thousands of people are fighting for the same flow and all running on the same road, the effect will not be good. Take the layman as an example. It is originally Sanskrit and free translation is "house master". Buddhism uses it to refer to lay believers who have received the "Three Returns" and the "Five Precepts". Using it as a title certainly has a bit of an ethereal flavor, so Li Bai called it " Qinglian Jushi", Bai Juyi was called "Xiangshan Jushi", Sikong Tu was called "Naihou Jushi", Su Shi was called "Dongpo Jushi", Li Qingzhao was called "Yi An Jushi", etc.
In addition to names, emperors in ancient China often also had posthumous titles, temple titles, reign titles, honorific titles and mausoleum titles. These titles are often found in history books.