Several early Neolithic Peiligang cultural sites have been discovered in Wanlonggang Site in Wanlong Township, Xiangfu District, Kaifeng City and Duantougang Site in Weichuan Town, Weishi County. The excavations prove that human activities have been carried out in Kaifeng City as early as five or six thousand years ago.
Zhuan Xu, one of the Five Emperors, was awarded the title of "Levin's Family" in Gaoyang (now Levin Town, Qixian County) for his meritorious service in assisting Shao Hao in his early years. Dayu lived in the east of Yangcheng (now Dengfeng City, Zhengzhou City) in order to avoid the business capital (now Yucheng City, Shangqiu). In the later period of Xia Wang's reign, he moved his capital from the original to Laoqiu (now Guoduli Village in the northeast of Kaifeng City). Laoqiu, as the capital of Xia, experienced five generations and six emperors: 3 years of Emperor Yi, 44 years of Emperor Fen, 18 years of Emperor Mang, 25 years of Emperor Xie, 59 years of Emperor Bu, 18 years of Emperor Gui, * *.
In the early Spring and Autumn Period (8th century BC), Zheng Zhuanggong, the monarch of the State of Zheng, built a granary city near Zhuxian Town, Xiangfu District, and named it Kaifeng.
Qin, located in Daliang County, belongs to Dang County, which governs Suiyang County (now Suiyang District of Shangqiu City).
in the western Han dynasty, Junyi county was established in the territory. Junyi, as the name of Kaifeng, has been used for about 8 years. At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Kaifeng County was renamed Kaifeng County to avoid the taboo of Emperor Liu Qizhi, which is the earliest origin of the name "Kaifeng". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Junyi County was still under the jurisdiction of Chenliu County. In the 15th year of Jianwu (39 years), Emperor Guangwu changed the Sili Department to the Sili Captain Department, changed Henan County to Henan Yin, and Kaifeng County belonged to it.
In the first year of Tianping in the Eastern Wei Dynasty (534), Emperor Xiaojing established Liangzhou, which governed three counties, namely Chenliu, Kaifeng and Yangxia. In 576, Emperor Jiande of the Northern Zhou Dynasty changed Liangzhou to Bianzhou, which was the beginning of Kaifeng's name "Bianzhou", and changed from county governance to state governance. Kaifeng, which had been lost for nearly a hundred years, gradually recovered its vitality, and Kaifeng became one of the eight important warehouses on the water transport line where the Northern Wei Dynasty fought against the southern dynasties.
In the Northern Qi Dynasty, the famous Jianguo Temple (the Great Sokokuji) and Solitary Temple (the area around the Tower of Kaifeng City) were built in the 6th year (555) and 1th year (559) of Wen Xuandi Natural Forest Protection, respectively. The development of Buddhist culture laid the early foundation for the vigorous rise of Bianliang culture in Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Sui Dynasty set Chenliu County in Junyi County (now Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City), and later changed Chenliu County to Bianzhou.
the middle section of the 2-kilometer-long Grand Canal excavated during the reign of Emperor Yangdi is the Bianhe River, which connects the Yellow River with the Huaihe River and runs through Bianzhou. The section from the Yellow River to the Huaihe River of the Grand Canal is also called Tongji Canal.
In the fourth year of Wude in Tang Gaozu (621), Bianzhou General Administration was established, with jurisdiction over Bianzhou, Yizhou, Qizhou and Chen Zhou. In the seventh year of Wude (624), the Bianzhou General Administration was changed to the Bianzhou Governor's Office. In the first year of Zhenguan of Emperor Taizong (627), Henan Road was established to govern Junyi County (now Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City). In the first year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (742), Bianzhou was once changed to Chenliu County. In 781, the second year of the establishment of Tang Dezong, Li Mian, a relative of Li Tang, went to Bianzhou as our ambassador, and built Bianzhou City (now Xiangfu District of Kaifeng City) for 22 miles. In the first year of Xingyuan (784), Li Xilie occupied Bianzhou City, arrogating to himself the title of emperor, calling himself "Chu", the year of its founding "Wucheng", and taking Bianzhou as the main beam of government.
In the Five Dynasties, the capitals of Houliang, Houjin, Houhan and Houzhou were successively set in Kaifeng, which was called "East Capital" or "Tokyo". In this period, Kaifeng officially replaced Luoyang and became the political, economic, cultural and transportation center of the whole country.
The capital of Houliang was Kaifeng for seventeen years. Although the time was short, the state's rent was light, and the people were recuperated. At the same time, the capital of Houliang was Kaifeng, which changed the political, economic, cultural and military center of China from Luoyang in Heluo region to Kaifeng in eastern Henan plain, which was of great epoch-making significance to the transfer of the ancient capital and political center of China.
The Da Song Dynasty was the most glorious era in the history of Kaifeng and the feudal history of China, with developed economy and culture and prosperous social life. The population in Kaifeng reached 1.5 million. (The Geography of Song History records that during the Chongning period, there were 261,117 households and 442,94 people in Kaifeng. ")
The city is beautiful and magnificent. It is not only the political, economic and cultural center of the country, but also the most prosperous metropolis in the world at that time. The history books even describe the prosperity of Kaifeng, the capital of the Song Dynasty, with the words "Eight Wastes Struggle for Xian Tong". Zhang Zeduan, a painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, painted The Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival, which vividly depicts the bustling and lively scenes and beautiful natural scenery on both sides of the Bianhe River in Kaifeng City, Tokyo in the Northern Song Dynasty during the Qingming Festival.
In March of the first year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1368), Xu Da led the Northern Expeditionary Army to capture Henan. At this time, many people suggested to Zhu Yuanzhang that the capital of Bianliang should be established. In April, Zhu Yuanzhang visited the capital city. In May, Bianliang Road was changed to Kaifeng Prefecture, and Kaifeng County was merged into Xiangfu County. At this point, the two counties were unified, and Henan Zhongshu was divided into provinces, and the province ruled Kaifeng Prefecture. In August of the same year, Kaifeng Prefecture was upgraded to Beijing, which was the capital, and Kaifeng City was rebuilt, and Tucheng was changed into a brick city.
the Qing dynasty basically followed the administrative divisions of the Ming dynasty. The provincial and government offices were all sent to directors in neighboring counties because Kaifeng City was flooded.
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Kaifeng, formerly known as Laoqiu, Daliang, Chenliu, Bianzhou, Tokyo, Bianjing, Bianliang, etc., is a prefecture-level city in Henan Province, which is adjacent to Zhengzhou, the provincial capital, in the west, Shangqiu in the east, Xuchang and Zhoukou in the south and separated by the north. As of 216, Kaifeng has a total area of 6,266 square kilometers, with 5 municipal districts and 4 counties under its jurisdiction and 4,546,7 permanent residents.
Reference: Baidu Encyclopedia Kaifeng