Mongolian people have their own characteristics in clothing, food, housing, transportation, family, marriage, funeral and social activities. Men and women wear long sleeves, belts and knee boots. Men often wear blue, black and brown hats or red and yellow headscarves; When a woman wears makeup, she wears a crown decorated with silver ornaments, and usually wraps her head with red and blue cloth. Their current clothing styles and shoes have improved a lot. In terms of diet, cattle, mutton and milk are the main food in pastoral areas, supplemented by food; Agricultural areas are dominated by cereals, supplemented by milk or meat and vegetables. Generally drinking brick tea is addictive. In terms of housing, Mongolian yurts are easy to disassemble and carry in pastoral areas. It is formed by long-term adaptation to grassland nomadic life. It consists of a circular wall and an umbrella-shaped top frame, covered with felt. It is usually about seven or eight feet high and about ten feet in diameter. In the settlement, some pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas have appeared civil structure houses similar in shape to yurts; Most of the rural areas have lived in Chinese bungalows and gathered into villages. Men, women and children are good at riding horses, and they travel by horse regardless of distance.
Mongolian families are generally composed of husband and wife and minor children. After the son got married, he separated from another family. The yurts and accessories that parents live in are traditionally inherited by the younger son. Marriage is monogamous, and the same surname does not get married. In the past, children's marriages were mostly arranged by their parents, and the bride price was emphasized in marriage, and the custom of intermarriage between wives and brothers was still preserved. Women's position in the family is lower than that of men. Now Mongolian marriage has changed from arranged by parents to free choice of spouse for men and women, and monogamy is strictly implemented. Women have been liberated politically and economically and enjoy the same status as men in the family. The burial methods of Mongolians generally include earth burial, cremation and wild burial.
Since the founding of New China, the original fine traditions and health customs of Mongolians have further adapted to the new economic base and social relations, and have been fully developed. Mongolian people are very hospitable, warm, humble, frank and sincere, and are praised by their brothers. All kinds of bad customs that are not conducive to the prosperity and development of the nation formed under the feudal social system are gradually disappearing. Meanwhile. There are also many new customs and habits that adapt to the new economic base or are transformed from the original customs. For example, the traditional grand festival of offering sacrifices to the gods in July and August every year-"Sacrificing Aobao" has been transformed into "Nadam Meeting", where the harvest is celebrated on the grassland, materials are exchanged, archery, wrestling and horse racing are held.
The Mongolians are now a nation with a completely new political, economic and cultural outlook, and are playing an important role in China's socialist modernization. Respondent: Pan Doudou | Grade 5 | 2008-3-1814:12
custom
Greet each other when meeting, even strangers should say hello; When colleagues meet acquaintances, they usually ask "Sai Bai Nu" (hello). If you meet elders or people you meet for the first time, ask "Hosai Bainu" (hello). It is a traditional Mongolian virtue to entertain passers-by (whether you know them or not), but you must respect your host when you are a guest in a Mongolian home. After entering the yurt, you should sit cross-legged on the carpet around the stove, but the west of the stove is the owner's residence, so you can't sit casually when the owner is not sitting. Guests generally drink milk tea sent by their hosts, and it is impolite not to drink it; The host asks for dairy products, and the guests should not refuse, otherwise it will hurt the host's heart. If it's inconvenient to eat more, just eat a little.
Offering Hada is also a noble courtesy of Mongols. When offering Hada, the giver hands it down to the other party, and the recipient also takes it with both hands or lets the giver hang Hada around his neck to express his gratitude.
Mongolians pay great attention to etiquette and rules when entertaining guests. For example, if you eat mutton, you usually give the sheep's pipa bone with meat and four long ribs to the guests. If you entertain guests with beef, give them a spine with meat, half a rib and a fat sausage. The biggest banquet for the guests is the mutton banquet. The feast of the whole sheep includes bones, limbs, ribs, thoracic vertebrae, sheep's head, and in some areas, sheep's heart, liver, rectum and stomach are added. The production method is to pour all parts of the whole lamb into a cauldron. After the water temperature rises, add a certain amount of cooked yogurt and gently boil it, and turn it frequently. Sausage, belly, heart, liver and burnt sheep head are cooked in another pot. Add seasoning and serve. When opening a banquet, put the cooked parts into a big plate with the tail facing outward, and carve a "ten" on the sheep's head to symbolize good luck. When eating, the host should ask the guests to cut the recommended bones of the sheep, or the elderly should cut them first and then eat them together. Before the girl gets married, the family must cook the lamb breast for the girl as a farewell. Roast whole sheep used to be used for sacrificial ceremonies or Aobao, but now it has become a special dish for grand festivals or welcoming VIPs.
Mongolian naming custom: With the prosperity of society, economy and culture, Mongolians are more and more aware of the symbolic role of names. The characteristics of their male naming are as follows: 1. Named according to national psychological habits, such as Timur, Geser and Bater; Second, according to the expectations of elders, such as: Jiya Saiyin (good luck), Bajad (joy), Baiyin (abundance), Jiri Gele (happiness) and so on. Third, according to the age of the elders when the baby is born, such as Binta (50) Jirentai (60) Dalan (70) and so on. The fourth is named after the beast, such as Shao. Wait a minute. 5. Named after natural things, such as Lu Chao (Stone), Agra (Mountain), Mu Ren (River), Tara (Yuan Ye), etc. Female: 1. Name bright stars, such as Na Ren (the sun), Saren (the moon), Orton (the star), Gao Wa, Na Ren (beautiful as the sun) and Saren Gao Wa (beautiful as the moon). Named after beautiful flowers and trees, such as Sarilang Flower (Shandan Flower) Qiqige (Flower) Nabuqi (Leaf) Begonia, etc. Third, they are named after jewels and jade articles, such as Haas (jade) Tana (pearl), alatan Gao Wa (beautiful as gold) and so on. In the name of ideals, such as Qin Si (smart), Wuyun (smart), Gao Wa (beautiful) and Gaowa Siqin (beautiful and smart). According to this method, there are many names of Mongolian women. The biggest feature of modern Mongolian names is that they have no name prefix, so they are just names and should not be understood as names. There are very few people with prefix, which is only an individual phenomenon. Responder: Gentleman 47.
Mongolia is called Mongolia for short. Located in central Asia, it is a highland landlocked country. Area 1, 566,650 km2. Population 19 1.47 million. The official language is Mongolian. The Mongolians mainly believe in Lamaism. Ulaanbaatar, the capital. The currency is Tugrik Turgi. 1921July 1 1 declared independence. 1949 65438+ 10/0/6 Establish diplomatic relations with China.
Mongolia is a country mainly engaged in animal husbandry. 1985, the number of private livestock was relaxed. 1988 There were 22.59 million heads of various livestock, mainly including sheep, cattle, horses and camels. Industry includes processing of livestock products and mining of coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorite, tungsten and gold. Baby is the patron saint of Mongolian tribes. When pedestrians pass through Aobao, they should dismount and offer money, wine and meat, or cut off horse hair and ponytail and tie it on it. Traditionally, Mongolians worship pots, braziers and bonfires as Vulcan, and hold sacrificial activities at festivals, relocations or weddings. Mongolian herdsmen's houses are yurts, which are the product of Mongolian long-term nomadic life. Under the specific environment of grassland, they have many irreplaceable advantages. Koumiss, also called sour koumiss, is the most respected drink of Mongolians. Every summer, Mongolian herders like to make their own koumiss. Most Mongolians have the habit of smoking, and they are also very particular about smoking utensils. Mutton is one of the main non-staple foods of Mongolian people. Milk tea is a necessity for Mongolian people to live and entertain guests.
Mongolians like to color their wishes and feelings, and different colors give different meanings. Red symbolizes intimacy, happiness and victory. Many Mongolians wear red robes, and girls like to tie their hair with red ribbons. Black is regarded as misfortune and disaster, so Mongolians don't wear black clothes. Mongolians are enthusiastic and curious, and have a unique set of hospitality etiquette, which is embodied in welcoming guests, greeting and waiting for answers. See the guests off and so on. When the guests leave, the host often sends the whole family to see them off, saying goodbye repeatedly, welcoming goodbye and wishing you a safe journey.
In nomadic or daily life, Mongolians always greet each other politely at first, then ask each other about the safety of their families, and finally greet each other. This is because the Mongolians who mainly focus on animal husbandry put family storage in a particularly important position in their lives. Mongolians have a fine tradition of hospitality. They often treat strangers with courtesy. Therefore, people say, "In Mongolia, even if you don't bring dry food, you can travel for several months." The Nadam Conference is held every July in all parts of Mongolia.
The most taboo for Mongolians is to sell the milk of their own livestock, which is regarded as a shame to mark poverty. When guests visit, it is forbidden to bring whips or sticks into the host's felt account, otherwise it will be considered an insult to the host. Guests should not point their hats at the door. When the host treats the guests with sour mare's milk in a silver bowl, the guests must drink it all at once to avoid tasting it carefully. If they meet a distinguished guest, they will entertain them with whole sheep. They have such a custom that when entertaining VIPs with whole sheep, the host must cut the meat first, or eat it first, otherwise the VIPs will not eat it. They usually eat a lot of beef and mutton stew, often weighing about 1 kg. They don't drink soup or take chopsticks, but they hold meat in their left hand and a knife in their right. Salt must be put on the table. They avoid eating fish and shrimp, seafood and fat pork, and don't like eating sweet and sour, spicy or stir-fried dishes with soup and vegetables.