1. noun
2. Articles and figures
3. Pronouns
4. Adjectives and adverbs
5. Verbs
6. Gerund
7. Verb infinitive
8. Word segmentation
9. Independent nominative case
10. Verb tense
1 1. Verb voice
12. Types of sentences
13. Flip
14. Subject-predicate agreement
15. subjunctive mood
16. Nominal terms
17. Attribute clause
18.
The usage of 1 Hello:
Hello means "hello", which can generally be used to greet acquaintances, relatives and friends with a casual tone, such as:
Hello, Li Hua! Hello, Li Hua.
Hello, Tom! Hello, Tom!
Hello can also be used to attract someone's attention. It is often used when you meet an acquaintance on the phone or on the road, which is equivalent to "hello" in Chinese. Sometimes you can use hi instead of hello, but the former is more casual.
2. What is your name? Usage:
When two people meet for the first time and ask each other their names, what's your name? When you ask a question, you can use my name to answer ..., and then when you ask someone, you can use and what's your name? Ask questions. For example:
Hi! What's your name?
Hi! My name is Lucy. What's your name?
My name is Wang Ying.
Hello, what's your name?
Hello, my name is Lucy. What's your name?
My name is Wang Ying.
What in the sentence is the abbreviation of What is.
Usage of 3.3. Good morning, students (teachers):
Good morning, class. Hello, class.
Good morning, teacher. Hello, teacher.
This is the language used by teachers and the whole class to greet each other in class in the morning. Good morning is a morning greeting, often used between acquaintances, friends or family. This is a more formal greeting. In a sentence, greetings should be put at the front and salutations should be put at the back, separated by commas. For example:
Good morning, Mr. White. Hello, Mr. White.
4. English letters:
English has 26 letters, and each letter has two forms: uppercase and lowercase. The case is as follows:
A a B b C c D d E e F f G g H h I I
J j K k L l M m N n O o P p Q q R r
S s T t U u V v W w X x Y y Z z
1. Who are you? The usage of.
This is a question, which means "Are you ...? "Used to ask name, occupation, identity, etc. , for example:
Are you a worker? Are you a worker?
Are you a student? Are you a student?
The answer is yes, I am. B: Yes, I am. ) or no, I'm not. (No, I'm not) to answer. Note that Yes and no are followed by commas and cannot be omitted.
The usage of 2.2. Nice to meet you:
This is the expression used by two people after meeting for the first time, which means "nice to meet you." Meeting and acquaintance can be introduced through self-introduction, third-party introduction or inquiry. For example:
Hello! I am Xiaohua.
Hello! I'm Xiao Li.
Nice to meet you, Xiao Li.
Nice to meet you, too, Xiaohua
Hello, I'm Xiaohua.
Hello, I'm Xiao Li.
Nice to meet you, Xiao Li.
Xiaohua, nice to meet you, too.
3. Where is it? Usage:
This sentence pattern means "Where is something or someone?" It is different from Chinese sentence structure, where comes first and something or someone comes last, for example:
Where is my book?
Where is my book?
There it is.
Please eat here.
Where is Tom?
Where is Tom?
He's here.
He's here.
Where in a sentence can be abbreviated as "where's".
4. the usage of 4.am, is and are:
These three words all have the meaning of "yes", but their usage is more complicated than that of Chinese. In English, am, is and are are all variants of be, and different verbs are chosen according to different subjects. I use the subject am, which means that the plural subject and the singular "you" are used, while others use.
I am a teacher. I am a teacher.
You are a worker. You are a worker.
You are students. You are students.
She is Miss Gao. She is Miss Gao.
This book is mine. This book is mine.
Greet acquaintances:
British and American people greet each other as soon as they meet. According to different times of the day, they choose different expressions, such as saying good morning in the morning, saying good afternoon in the afternoon and saying good evening when they meet in the evening. The other party replied with the same greeting. For example:
Good morning, Mr. Green.
Good morning, Miss Li.
Usage of sorry:
Sorry means "sorry" or "sorry", which is often used to express one's fault, mistake, inability to do something or inability to provide the other's request. For example:
Can you spell your name? Can you spell your name?
Sorry, I can't.
may I ask you the time? may I ask you the time?
I'm sorry, I don't know. I'm sorry, I don't know.
Usage of sorry:
Used when asking someone a question or asking to disturb someone. It means "excuse me" and "excuse me". For example:
Excuse me! Where is my bag? Excuse me, where is my bag?
Excuse me! Are you Miss Wang? Excuse me, are you Miss Wang?
The usage of what's ...:
This sentence pattern is used to ask someone's name or what something is, for example:
What is this? This is a book.
What is this? This is a book.
What's your name? What's your name?
My name is Lucy. My name is Lucy.
noun
Nouns can be divided into proper nouns and common nouns, countable nouns and uncountable nouns, simple nouns and compound nouns. After studying this chapter, students are required to master the changing forms of countable nouns, especially the irregular plural forms of nouns; Master the plural form of compound nouns; Master the composition and usage of noun possessive case; Pay attention to distinguish countable nouns from uncountable nouns.
essay
The article is placed before the noun to explain the person or thing that the noun refers to, and it cannot exist alone without the noun. English articles are:
1. definite article: its main function is to indicate and express a certain person or a certain kind of people and things in the same kind.
2. Indefinite article: its main function is to refer to a certain person or several things in general.
3. Zero article: it is an invisible article in nouns and is used in so-called indefinite articles. There are three kinds of nouns that use zero articles: plural countable nouns, uncountable nouns (singular) and proper nouns. This chapter requires common idioms with articles and some fixed phrases without articles. Focus on learning definite articles+singular nouns; Indefinite articles are used for the superlative and ordinal number of material nouns, abstract nouns and adjectives; The position of indefinite article; The zero article is used for nouns; The zero article is used in the attributive zero article+noun structure.
pronoun
Pronouns are words that replace nouns or phrases, clauses and sentences that function as nouns. Pronouns are divided into personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, reciprocal pronoun, demonstrative pronouns, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, connecting pronouns and indefinite pronouns. This chapter requires students to master the forms and usages of various pronouns, especially personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns and indefinite pronouns. Pay attention to the differences between all, each and each; Any difference between any and some; The difference between everyone, everyone, one; The difference between no one and no one; Both, the first comparison; Other comparisons, another one.
figure
Numbers are words for quantity. The two types of numerals are cardinal number and ordinal number, and the former means how much. Which level does the latter represent? This unit requires students to master the usage of cardinal words and ordinal numbers; Representation of fractions and decimals, and year, month, day and time.
Verb tense (1)
In English, actions or situations that occur at different times should be expressed in different verb forms, which are called tenses. This unit requires students to master the general present tense (focusing on the inflected forms of verbs with the singular third person he, she and it as the subject), the present continuous tense (be+V-ing), the general past tense (the past tense of irregular verbs is the difficulty in learning) and the present perfect tense (have/has+ past participle), especially the comparison between the general present tense and the present continuous tense, and the general past tense and past participle.
Verb Tense (2)
This unit continues to teach verb tenses, requiring students to focus on the composition and usage of seven common tenses, such as general future tense, future continuous tense, future perfect tense, past continuous tense, present perfect continuous tense, past perfect continuous tense and past perfect continuous tense. Find out the difference between the general future tense and the future perfect tense; The difference between the present perfect tense and the present perfect continuous tense; The usage of past perfect tense and its difference from past perfect continuous tense.
passive voice
English voice is a form of verb, which is used to express the relationship between subject and object. Voice is divided into active voice and passive voice. Active voice indicates that the subject is the executor of the action; The passive voice indicates that the subject is the receiver or object of the action. This unit requires students to master the structure and usage of seven tenses of passive voice; Master the passive voice structure with phrasal verbs and modal verbs, the change from active structure with compound objects to passive structure, and the difference between passive voice and past participles as predicates.
modal verb
Modal verbs indicate the speaker's mood or modality. They are used with infinitive phrases without to to express possibility, permission, ability, obligation, speculation, etc. This unit requires students to focus on the usage of the main modal verbs can, may may, have to, should, ought to, shall, will, dare, need, would, etc.
nonfinite verb
Non-finite verbs are also called non-predicate verbs, that is, they cannot be used as predicates alone in a sentence and are not limited by the number of persons and subjects. There are three kinds of non-predicate verbs, namely infinitive, participle and gerund. This unit requires students to master the basic forms and usage of three non-predicate verbs; Master irregular passivity; Infinitive without to; The form and usage of the compound structure of three non-predicate verbs (infinitive with logical subject, participle and gerund); The difference between present participle and past participle; Comparison between gerund and infinitive; Comparison between present participle and infinitive.
subjunctive mood
Mood is a verb form that expresses the speaker's intention or attitude. The subjunctive mood indicates that what is said is only a subjective wish, assumption or suggestion. Subjunctive mood can be used in unreal conditional sentences, subject clauses, object clauses, predicative clauses, appositive clauses and attributive clauses. This unit requires students to master the basic forms and usage of subjunctive mood; Master the modal verbs of subjunctive mood; ; Understand implicit conditional sentences; Master the relationship between subjunctive tense and predicate verb tense.
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjective is a word used to describe or modify nouns. Adjectives can be used as attributive, predicative, subject complement, object complement, adverbial and independent components in sentences. Adverbs are words used to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs and the whole sentence, indicating concepts such as time, place, degree and way. Adverbs are flexible in position, and some can be placed at the beginning, middle or end of a sentence; Some adverbs expressing degree, such as often, always, never, etc. , often used in sentences, its position is related to the fact that verbs have helpless verbs. Adverbs are mostly placed after predicate verbs, and if there are objects, they are placed after predicate verbs. In interrogative sentences, adverbs can only be placed in sentences or at the end of sentences; In imperative sentences, most adverbs are placed at the end of the sentence; Sometimes adverbs indicating order are located at the beginning of a sentence. This chapter requires students to master the composition, usage and related common sentence patterns of comparative degrees of adjectives and adverbs, and to understand the basic position of adverbs in sentences and the special usage of comparative degrees of adjectives and adverbs.
preposition
We often use prepositions before nouns or noun phrases, pronouns or gerunds to express the relationship between people, events and other sentence components. A noun after a preposition or a word equivalent to a noun is called a prepositional object. Prepositions can indicate place, time, comparison, objection, reason, means, attribution, condition, concession, about, objection, basis, etc. Prepositions and their objects constitute prepositional phrases, which act as grammatical elements such as postattributive, adverbial and predicative in sentences. This unit requires memorizing commonly used prepositions and their collocation with others.
Basic sentence structure
Sentences can be divided into simple sentences, complex sentences and complex sentences according to their structures. A sentence with only one subject-predicate relationship is called a simple sentence, which consists of a subject part and a predicate part. When we need to connect your meanings together, we can connect several simple sentences into a complex sentence with punctuation marks, equiconjunctions or adverbs. The relationship between them is equal. When a sentence consists of a sentence by sentence and an or clause, it is a compound sentence. The subject of a complex sentence can often exist independently, while the clause is only a sentence component. This unit focuses on mastering interrogative sentences, figuring out the structure and usage of various interrogative sentences, correctly completing additional interrogative sentences and answering various interrogative sentences. Master the sentence structure of simple sentences, complex sentences and complex sentences; Learn the conversion between simple sentences and complex sentences, simple sentences and complex sentences, and complex sentences and complex sentences; Learn to turn direct speech into indirect speech; Master the usage of noun clauses.
attributive clause
Attributive clauses are used as attributes in sentences to modify some nouns or pronouns in sentences. Words modified by attributive clauses are called antecedents, which are generally people, things or events. Attributive clauses are usually placed after antecedents. The related words that guide attributive clauses are relative pronouns or adverbs. Relative pronouns can be used as subject, object and attribute in attributive clauses. Relative adverbs are used as adverbials in attributive clauses. This chapter focuses on the usage of attributive clauses and the correct use of relative pronouns and adverbs of attributive clauses.
adverbial clause
Adverbial clauses are subordinate sentences as adverbial components, which are generally connected by subordinate conjunctions and some words and structures that can express subordinate relations. Adverbial clauses are divided into time, place, reason, result, degree, purpose, condition, concession, way adverbial clauses, etc. This unit focuses on the use of adverbial clauses, guiding the correct use of subordinate conjunctions of adverbial clauses and the temporal changes of adverbial clauses.
It guidance structure
It is both a pronoun and a quotation. As a pronoun, it can be used as personal pronoun, demonstrative pronoun and impersonal pronoun, and can be used in anaphora, indefinite reference or idiom. As a quotation, it has no substantive meaning in itself, but only plays a guiding role. It can be used as both a formal subject and a formal object. The real subject or object is an infinitive, gerund or noun clause, which comes after it. It is also used to emphasize sentence structure. If you want to emphasize a word or part, you can use the emphasis structure of it is (was)+ emphasis part (subject, object or adverbial) +that (who). This chapter requires understanding the various usages of the pronoun it, and quoting it, focusing on mastering the usage of it, which is used for front or back reference; A quotation used to emphasize structure.
Word order, inversion and ellipsis
English has five basic structures: subject+predicate, subject+associated verb+predicate, subject+predicate+object, subject+predicate+indirect object+direct object, subject+predicate+object+object complement. All other sentences are transformed, abbreviated or expanded from these five sentence patterns. Compared with the normal word order of a sentence, inverted sentences put other components of the sentence before the subject. If it is the whole predicate part before the subject, it is called complete inversion; If it is only a part of the predicate, such as a copula verb, an auxiliary verb, a modal verb, etc. Or any emphasized part in a sentence, is partially inverted. In order to avoid repetition, sometimes one or more elements in English sentences are omitted. Such sentences are called ellipsis sentences. The omitted parts are often subject, predicate or predicate part, object, subject and predicate, infinitive, article and so on.
This unit requires understanding the normal order of sentences, mastering the correct usage of ellipsis and inversion, as well as their structure, word order and methods.
word-building
The object of vocabulary research is the form and usage of various words. There are four main word-formation methods in English: prefix method, suffix method, transformation method and synthesis method. In addition, there are some minor word formation. This unit requires memorizing basic word formation and having the ability to distinguish English parts of speech. Master the types of plural nouns, adjectives, adverbs and verbs, and realize their part-of-speech conversion through specific language environment and the position and function of words in sentences.
19.
20. Modal verbs
Famous English professors in China: Bo Bing, Zhang Daozhen, etc. , all have books.
noun
Regular changes of noun plural
Regular changes of plural numbers of other nouns
Irregular changes of noun plural
Representation of uncountable nouns
Plural number of attributive nouns
Singular and plural numbers of people from different countries
Case of noun
Articles and figures
Usage of indefinite articles
Usage of definite article
Usage of zero article
Article and adjective+noun structure
Article position
figure
pronoun
Usage of personal pronouns
Substitution of Subject and Object of Personal Pronouns
Pronoun reference
The arrangement order of coordinate personal pronouns
Possessive pronoun
Dual possessive case
reflexive pronoun
Interactive pronoun
demonstrative pronoun
interrogative pronoun
relative pronoun
Every one, no, all of them, both, ...
No, very few, some, any, ...
Pronouns compare and distinguish one, that and it
One/another/another
The magical use of "the"
Anyone/anyone; ...
Both, or neither, ...
A lot, a lot
Very little, very little, very little, ...
Adjectives and adverbs
Adjectives and their usage
Adjectives ending in -ly
Use adjectives to indicate categories and whole.
Multiple adjectives modify the order of nouns
Adverbs and their basic usage
Two forms of adverbs.
Comparative degrees of adjectives and adverbs
As+ adjective or adverb original level +as
Comparative adjective or adverb +than
Words that can modify the comparative degree
Many, ancient and far away
Adjective or adverb superlative+comparison object
verb
Linking verb
What is an auxiliary verb?
Usage of auxiliary verb be
Usage of auxiliary verb have
Usage of auxiliary verb do
The usage of auxiliary verbs shall and will
Usage of auxiliary verbs should and would
phrasal verb
Non-predicate verb
gerund
Gerund as subject, object and predicative
Usage of value
infinitive
Infinitive as object
Infinitive as complement
Infinitive subject
This is for someone.
Infinitive as predicative
Infinitive as attributive
An infinitive as an adverbial
Used as a preposition
Verb infinitive saved to
Negative form of infinitive
The infinitive special sentence pattern is too … to …
Infinitive special sentence patterns in order to
Infinitive special sentence pattern Why not
Tense and voice of infinitive
Gerund and infinitive
A detailed description of special words
Stop doing/doing
Forgot to do/to do
Remember to do/want to do
Regret doing/doing
Stop doing/doing
Try to do
Go ahead and do it.
Afraid of doing/doing
Be interested in doing/ ...
Intend to do/intend to do
Start/want to do
Sensory verb+do/want to do
participle
Participle as attribute
Participle as adverbial
Conjunction+participle (phrase)
Participle as complement
Participle as predicative
Partitions in brackets
Partitioned tense
The sound of participle
Independent nominative
Independent nominative
Composite structure of and
Tenses of verbs
Usage of simple present tense
Usage of simple past tense
Used to/used to
the simple future tense
Will/will
Going and going
The overall timetable for the future.
Use the present continuous tense to indicate the future.
the present perfect tense
Compare the past tense with the present perfect tense.
Sentence patterns used in the present perfect tense
Comparing self and cause
Four usages of zi
Continuous verbs and instantaneous verbs
past perfect tense
Replace the perfect tense with the simple past tense
Future perfect tense
present continuous tense
Verbs without progressive tense
Past continuous tense or past continuous tense
Future continuous tense
The present tense replaces the future tense.
The simple present tense replaces the past tense.
The simple present tense replaces the perfect tense.
The present tense replaces the progressive tense.
The present continuous tense replaces the future tense.
Time consistency
Tenses and adverbials of time
Voice of verbs
Usage of letters
Passive voice of phrasal verbs
A phrase that means "it is said" or "believe"
No passive voice
Active forms express passive meanings.
The passive form indicates the active meaning.
Need/want/demand/value
Types of sentences
Types of sentences
Exclamatory sentence structure
Stress sentence structure
Use auxiliary verbs to emphasize
Disjunctive problem
place upside down
The inversion of all inverted sentences
Partial inversion of inverted sentences
Do partial inversion with a negative word
So, either, it is not partially inverted.
Only when the sentence is inverted for the first time
Inverted sentences guided by as, although
Other parts are inverted.
subject-predicate agreement
The juxtaposition structure of plural subject and predicate.
Proximity principle in subject-predicate agreement
The predicate verb is consistent with the previous subject.
Predicate should be singular.
The referential meaning determines the singular and plural of the predicate.
Be consistent with the following nouns or pronouns.
subjunctive mood
True conditional sentence
Unreal conditional sentence
Mixed conditional sentence
Inversion of subjunctive conditional sentences
Special virtual modal particles: should
Usage of desire
Compare only if and only if
It's time for ...
Need "don't do it" and "shouldn't do it"
Substantive clause
Connectives that lead to nominal clauses
substantive clause
Nominal special interrogative sentences
Noun clauses guided by if and where
negative transfer
attributive clause
Attributive clause guided by relative pronouns
Attributive clause guided by relative adverbs
Judging relative pronouns and adverbs
Restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses
Preposition+relative words
As, which non-restrictive attributive clause
Combination of antecedent and relative words
What/whatever/that ...
Usage of relative pronoun that
adverbial clause
Place adverbial clause
adverbial clause of manner
adverbial clause of reason
Adverbial Clause of Purpose
Adverbial clause of result
adverbial clause of condition
Adverbial clause of concession
Compare while, when, as
Compare the till and the till
A structure that means "once ..."
combine
Coordinate conjunctions and coordinate structures
Compare and and or
Represents the selected coordinate structure.
Express a turning point or contrast
Table cause relationship
Compare sth.
modal verb
Grammatical Features of Modal Verbs
Compare can with being able to
More likely and possible
Compare have to and must
It must mean speculation.
Usage of expressing speculation
Modal verb +have+ past participle
Should and should
At best, it's the best.
Would rather "rather"
Will and will.
The way to answer modal verbs.
Modal verbs with to
Compare needs and courage