(1) what is DOS? What's the use?
DOS is the most frequently used computer contact. DOS is the abbreviation of English Disk Operating System, which means "disk operating system". As the name implies, DOS is mainly a disk-oriented system software. To put it simply, DOS is a bridge between man and machine, and it is a layer of "shell" covering the hardware of the machine. With DOS, we don't have to know the hardware structure of the machine in depth, and we don't have to memorize those boring machine commands. We just need to pass some DOS commands close to natural language. In addition, DOS can effectively manage all kinds of software and hardware resources and schedule them reasonably. All software and hardware are under the monitoring and management of DOS, and they are doing their work in an orderly way.
(2) MS-DOS and PC-DOS
When using DOS, we often hear MS-DOS and PC-DOS. For beginners, we can think that there is no big difference between them. In fact, MS-DOS was produced by --Microsoft, the world's software king, while PC-DOS was introduced by --IBM, the world's computer king, with a slight modification of MS-DOS. Because of Microsoft's monopoly advantage in the world software industry, its product MS-DOS has become the mainstream operating system. As for PC-DOS, although it is not necessarily inferior to MS-DOS in function, it is helpless that MS-DOS is preconceived. Even if PC-DOS tries its best, it can't shake MS-DOS.
(3) version of DOS
DOS launched its version 1. in 1981, and its functions are still very basic and weak; In 1983, 2. was introduced, which mainly increased the directory operation function, which made the file management go to a new level (we will introduce the concepts of directory and file when explaining DOS internal commands); In 1984, 3. was introduced, which mainly supported 1.2MB 5.25-inch high-density floppy disks (1.X and 2.X only supported low-density disks) and large-capacity hard disks; In 1987, the most popular DOS 3.3 was introduced, which mainly supported 3.5-inch floppy disks and networks. At this point, DOS has developed quite maturely. Although subsequent versions (the latest version of PC-DOS is version 7., and the latest version of MS-DOS is version 6.22) are continuously introduced, there is no significant kernel improvement, but many practical functions are added, such as disk detection, virus removal, hard disk capacity expansion, etc.
(4) Significance of learning DOS well
It can be said that DOS 3.3 is a very important epoch-making version. Learning DOS 3.3 well can not only enhance the practical operation ability, but also lay a solid foundation for a better and faster transition to the new version. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on MS-DOS 3.3, and appropriately mentions the functional enhancements in the new version.
Although Windows is in full swing at present, it has a tendency to replace DOS, and Microsoft, the manufacturer of DOS, has stopped the further development of MS-DOS, and is developing in the direction of Windows integration. However, DOS is still undeniably the mainstream operating system (especially in China).
This section reviews the key contents: the role of DOS, MS-DOS and PC-DOS, versions of DOS, and the importance of learning DOS. We have recognized the importance of learning DOS. Below, we will officially start learning DOS, starting with the most basic DOS startup.
second, the startup of DOS
1. What is a file?
We call a part of data with complete meaning stored on a disk or CD-ROM a file. The meaning of data is extensive. The programs we write, the copied software and the images we make can all be called data, and the data is stored on the disk in the form of files. We can create, modify, delete, copy and move files.
If you have a file, you should manage it naturally. Naming the file is the best way. Each file has a name, called the file name, which consists of letters, numbers or characters, such as COMMAND.COM. File names can be divided into main file names and extended file names. Take COMMAND.COM as an example. COMMAND is the main file name, which mainly describes the contents of the file, and COM is the extended file name, which mainly describes the nature of the file (COM stands for command file here). The decimal point in the middle is the separator between the main file name and the extended file name. DOS stipulates that the main file name cannot exceed 8 characters and the extended file name cannot exceed 3 characters. Because the decimal point is specially used as a separator, the decimal point cannot be used in the main file name and the extended file name. In addition, spaces are not allowed in file names. The extension file name can be omitted, but the main file name must exist. Therefore, the following file names are all wrong, such as. EXE (unowned file name), ABC.BCD.COM (main file name contains decimal point) and ABC.DEFG (extended file name exceeds 3 characters).
in DOS, three extensions are specified as EXEcutable files, namely, exe, COM and BAT. The so-called executable file is a file that can execute the program by directly typing the main file name under DOS. Except for EXE, COM and BAT, all other files cannot be directly executed under DOS, which is called non-executive files.
2. Composition of DOS
DOS is mainly composed of three basic files and some external commands. We will introduce the concept of external commands later, and here we mainly explain the three basic files (also called system files). The three basic files are MSDOS.SYS, IO.SYS and COMMAND.COM (IBMDOS.COM, IBMBIO.COM and COMMAND.COM in case of PC-DOS). Among them, MSDOS.SYS is called DOS kernel (it can be seen that MSDOS.SYS is a very important file), which is mainly used to manage and start various components of the system and prepare for DOS boot. IO.SYS(IO is input &; The abbreviation of Output, which means "input and output", is mainly responsible for the basic input and output of the system, that is, the connection between DOS and various components. COMMAND.COM file (COMMAND means "command") is the interface between DOS and users. It mainly provides some internal commands of DOS, and can accept, judge and execute commands input by users. Whether a disk has the ability to start DOS depends on whether it has these three files. A disk with these three files is called a boot disk. In addition, disks that contain many DOS external commands are called system disks.
finally, it should be noted that the storage locations of the two files, MSDOS.SYS and IO.SYS, are limited, and they must be located at the front of the physical location of the disk, otherwise the boot ability will be lost.
(1) What is the startup of DOS
Every time we use a computer, we must start DOS (also called boot), otherwise we will not be able to operate the computer. After we turn on the power of the computer, the computer first performs a self-check, and then, if it starts from a floppy disk, the floppy disk will appear after buzzing for more than ten seconds. Or A:\> ; If you start from the hard disk, it will be much faster, and C> Or C:\> . A> 、A:\> 、C> 、C:\> It is called DOS PROMPT (DOS prompt is not static, and we will introduce the change of DOS prompt in detail when explaining the internal command prompt). Its appearance shows that DOS has successfully completed the boot process, and all kinds of software and hardware resources are under monitoring, so users can start to input commands.
(2) Preparation before starting
Since DOS is started, of course, the disk should have the ability to boot (that is, it has three system files). If you want to boot from floppy disk, you should have a DOS boot disk or system disk, and insert it into floppy drive (drive A must be inserted, and the location of drive A of different computers may be different, so you must make clear in advance) to get ready for startup. If you want to boot from the hard disk, just make the hard disk bootable.
(3) Classification of startup
The startup of p>DOS can be divided into cold startup and hot startup. Cold start refers to the process of restarting the computer after cutting off the power supply. Hot start refers to the process of restarting without cutting off the power supply (that is, turning on the power). After a cold start, the machine should first perform a hardware self-check (different machines may have different self-check time, which mainly depends on the configuration of each component, such as the amount of memory, etc.) to determine whether each component works normally. If the self-check passes smoothly, it will enter the DOS startup state. There is no process of machine self-check in hot start, which is the main difference between them. Therefore, the speed of hot start is obviously faster than that of cold start. Since the power supply of computer components is not cut off by hot start, the life of hardware can be effectively prolonged. When there are no special circumstances (such as computer being attacked by virus, some software crashing during operation and blocking the keyboard, etc.), hot start should be used as much as possible.
the main method of cold start is to turn off the power supply, that is, turn it off. However, at present, most assembly machines (or compatible machines) have a RESET (meaning "restart") button on the chassis. Its main purpose is to simplify cold start. Usually, the RESET button should be used as much as possible during cold start, which has less impact on the machine when it is started than when it is turned off (that is, pressing the POWER button), so it is helpful to prolong the service life of the computer. It should be noted that the original machine (or brand machine), especially the imported machine, almost has no RESET button (RESET can be said to be the "patent" of the assembly machine). At this time, if you want to start cold, you have to turn off the power. It should be noted that if the power supply is turned off for cold start, it must be turned off at least 8 seconds to 1 seconds before turning on the power supply, so as to avoid damaging the components due to the short interval. Hot start does not.
Respondent: lirongxu128-Senior Magician Level 7 3-11 15:33
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What?
(1) what is DOS? What's the use?
DOS is the most frequently used computer contact. DOS is the abbreviation of English Disk Operating System, which means "disk operating system". As the name implies, DOS is mainly a disk-oriented system software. To put it simply, DOS is a bridge between man and machine, and it is a layer of "shell" covering the hardware of the machine. With DOS, we don't have to know the hardware structure of the machine in depth, and we don't have to memorize those boring machine commands. We just need to pass some DOS commands close to natural language. In addition, DOS can effectively manage all kinds of software and hardware resources and schedule them reasonably. All software and hardware are under the monitoring and management of DOS, and they are doing their work in an orderly way.
(2) MS-DOS and PC-DOS
When using DOS, we often hear MS-DOS and PC-DOS. For beginners, we can think that there is no big difference between them. In fact, MS-DOS was produced by --Microsoft, the world's software king, while PC-DOS was introduced by --IBM, the world's computer king, with a slight modification of MS-DOS. Because of Microsoft's monopoly advantage in the world software industry, its product MS-DOS has become the mainstream operating system. As for PC-DOS, although it is not necessarily inferior to MS-DOS in function, it is helpless that MS-DOS is preconceived. Even if PC-DOS tries its best, it can't shake MS-DOS.
(3) version of DOS
DOS launched its version 1. in 1981, and its functions are still very basic and weak; In 1983, 2. was introduced, which mainly increased the directory operation function, which made the file management go to a new level (we will introduce the concepts of directory and file when explaining DOS internal commands); In 1984, 3. was introduced, which mainly supported 1.2MB 5.25-inch high-density floppy disks (1.X and 2.X only supported low-density disks) and large-capacity hard disks; In 1987, the most popular DOS 3.3 was introduced, which mainly supported 3.5-inch floppy disks and networks. At this point, DOS has developed quite maturely. Although subsequent versions (the latest version of PC-DOS is version 7., and the latest version of MS-DOS is version 6.22) are continuously introduced, there is no significant kernel improvement, but many practical functions are added, such as disk detection, virus removal, hard disk capacity expansion, etc.
(4) Significance of learning DOS well
It can be said that DOS 3.3 is a very important epoch-making version. Learning DOS 3.3 well can not only enhance the practical operation ability, but also lay a solid foundation for a better and faster transition to the new version. Therefore, this article mainly focuses on MS-DOS 3.3, and appropriately mentions the functional enhancements in the new version.
Although Windows is in full swing at present, it has a tendency to replace DOS, and Microsoft, the manufacturer of DOS, has stopped the further development of MS-DOS, and is developing in the direction of Windows integration. However, DOS is still undeniably the mainstream operating system (especially in China).
This section reviews the key contents: the role of DOS, MS-DOS and PC-DOS, versions of DOS, and the importance of learning DOS. We have recognized the importance of learning DOS. Below, we will officially start learning DOS, starting with the most basic DOS startup.
second, the startup of DOS
1. What is a file?
We call a part of data with complete meaning stored on a disk or CD-ROM a file. The meaning of data is extensive. The programs we write, the copied software and the images we make can all be called data, and the data is stored on the disk in the form of files. We can create, modify, delete, copy and move files.
If you have a file, you should manage it naturally. Naming the file is the best way. Each file has a name, called the file name, which consists of letters, numbers or characters, such as COMMAND.COM. File name can be divided into main file name and extended file name. Take COMMAND.COM as an example. COMMAND is the main file name, which