since 198s, some rituals in traditional funeral customs have become popular in rural areas. When the old man's life is dying, his children change clothes for him, wearing cotton-padded clothes in winter and summer. All immediate family members guard around, listen to the will and watch the old man die. When the old man died, the younger generation immediately went to the courtyard to "call the soul" to the southwest, in order to call back the soul of the deceased, and also to inform the people and neighbors. Then put the dead on the coffin bed, provide food, burn incense and light an ever-burning lamp. The younger generation wore mourning clothes and put white paper on the door. There are two forms of funeral service: written obituary and oral funeral service. The main contents are the name of the deceased and the time of his death, funeral and funeral.
in the early 198s, burial was mostly carried out in rural areas, and the deceased had to be put into a coffin, which was called burial. At this time, relatives must be present to bid farewell to the body. If the deceased is a woman, her family must be present. After the funeral, the coffin was parked in the coffin shed, and the younger generation was divided into men and women to accept the condolences of relatives and friends. The mourners cry before kneeling, and the closest relatives must pay a libation. The resting period varies from 3 to 5 days.
The night before the funeral, the funeral home held a farewell ceremony for the deceased, commonly known as "sending travelling expenses", and the place was chosen at the intersection or open space. The deacon set the altar in advance, set the incense burner candlestick, prepared dishes and wine, and the younger generation and relatives and friends bowed their heads to see the dead off. After the ceremony, paper carts, horses, sedan chairs, cash cows, etc. were burned, and the children cried and ran into the fire to show their retention for the dead. Funeral, also known as burial, the eldest son holds a coffin, and other younger generations hold mourning sticks and go with the coffin to the cemetery. After the coffin entered the cave, the younger generation took the soil and sprinkled it on the lid to bury it. Then the neighbors piled up soil and became graves. On the third day, the children filled the "round grave" and burned paper to mourn. From the date of the death of relatives, they will pay homage to the grave every seven days until July 7th.
the deceased whose parents are alive do not follow the above etiquette. In the middle and late 198s, cremation was widely practiced in China, and the government advocated changing customs and customs, and the etiquette was gradually simplified. The graves scattered in the fields were flattened, cemeteries were established, and some villages built memorial halls to store urns. Since the 199s, it has become fashionable in rural areas to erect monuments or plant trees to commemorate the dead.
The funeral of urban residents is relatively simple. After their death, a farewell ceremony is held in the funeral home, and relatives, friends and colleagues pay tribute to the deceased. After that, it was sent to a cremation factory for cremation, and the urn was sent to a memorial hall for storage.
other customs in Binzhou
1. Marriage
Since the 198s, there have been various ways to propose a relative. First, the introducer is familiar with the situation of both men and women (age, appearance, personality, education level, family status, etc.), enthusiastic to help them, take the initiative to fix them up, or be entrusted by one party to propose their marriage. Second, men and women are free to fall in love, and in order to justify themselves, they ask an acquaintance as an introducer. This kind of proposal is just a form. Third, the mass media and marriage agencies should undertake the function of proposing marriage. Men and women who are recommended by the introducer must make an appointment to look at each other. When they meet for the first time, they only have a superficial understanding of their appearance, age, manners and manners, and then they will date on their own to get a deeper understanding of each other's character, family, occupation and hobbies. Many young men and women in cities and towns fall in love freely, bringing each other home, introducing them to their families and acting as references themselves. A few areas in Zhanhua and Wudi counties still have the bad habit of ordering "young marriage".
The betrothal can be made in writing and orally when a man and a woman have been in contact for a period of time and think they are satisfied. Written engagement is to write the seniority, name and age of the elders in the family on red paper, named "post"; Write the children's names, ages, animal signs, and words like "The age and age are consistent, they belong to the same fate, and they are willing to marry the Qin and Jin dynasties", which is called "Cambodia". Then the introducer will hand it over to both parties, and the man will give the woman a gift. In 198s, this method was widely used in some rural areas. Oral engagement means that both men and women (including parents, children, immediate family members, etc.) agree on a time to get together, and make the engagement by talking. Generally, the location is chosen by the man, who gives a banquet and presents a gift to the woman.
The men and women who are proposing marriage discuss the time of marriage, the amount of bride price, the wedding agenda, the way to receive (or send) relatives, etc. When discussing marriage, parents and children of both parties directly come forward to exchange views, and sometimes references coordinate with each other, often after many discussions, they reach an understanding. When discussing marriage, the man should pay the woman a bride price to buy a dowry, and the woman often returns a small part to show her politeness.
Before getting married, both men and women should go through the marriage registration formalities with the local government. When the woman buys a dowry, the man has to decorate the bridal chamber, place new furniture (if the woman accompanies the furniture, it needs to be delivered in advance), lay a new bed (kang), and post couplets at the door. On the wedding day, the man usually picks it up (some are sent by the woman). In the early 198 s, he took a carriage or a bicycle, and in the middle and late period, he took a tractor or an agricultural vehicle. In the 199 s, he used a car. The bride is accompanied by her family and the dowry is delivered at the same time. When you get off the bus, set off firecrackers and play drums to welcome you. The bride and groom walked into the courtyard, and the master of ceremonies presided over the wedding ceremony. After that, when the bride entered the bridal chamber, onlookers immediately poured in, calling it "disturbing the bridal chamber", and there was a custom of "disturbing the mother-in-law" in Binzhou area. On that day, the man held a big banquet to entertain the female guests and congratulate relatives and friends, and most of the town banquets were in hotels. In the 199s, the government advocated changing customs and organizing collective weddings, which were both lively and frugal, and some young men and women chose to travel and get married.
The phenomenon of excessive bride price is more common in rural areas, and the trend of picking up brides and giving ostentation and extravagance at wedding banquets in cities and towns is also spreading.
II. Fertility
Since the 198s, the state has advocated family planning, which was later designated as a national policy, which has a great influence on fertility customs. Childbearing age is mostly delayed, and the number of children born is greatly reduced. Those who have been infertile for many years after marriage will no longer use superstitious methods to ask for children. The husband and wife will go to the hospital for examination and be treated in time if they are sick. After pregnancy, I often go to the hospital for physical examination, and I usually go to the hospital for childbirth. Three days after the baby was born, her family came to visit with nutritious food and baby clothes. Because most of them are only children, they are very cautious in naming, paying attention to freshness, profound meaning and catchy words. The names of rural areas must also take into account the words that reflect generations. Most people in the whole family participate in naming, and often come up with several names, and choose the best one. Most of the birth names are overlapping words, and the number of people with two names is increasing. On the 12th day of the baby's birth, commonly known as "Twelve noon", relatives and friends bring gifts to congratulate and give the baby "round ears". Born for one month, commonly known as the "full moon", the bride's family took the mother and son to live for a period of time and gave the baby a "hinge head". In the 199s, it was fashionable in towns to make a writing brush with baby fetal hair as a permanent memorial. On the 1 th day, hang a long life lock for the baby, wear "hundred clothes" and take photos as a souvenir. On the first birthday, relatives and friends came to congratulate and the host held a family dinner. In rural areas, if it is a boy, the anniversary is especially grand. In the past, the custom of "grasping the week" was popular, but it is gradually becoming obsolete.
III. Appellations
In the 198s, the appellations of family and relatives were basically the same as before. Written appellations such as my father, your father, my dear friend and my younger brother were used less and less, only in some special occasions, and most of them used oral appellations.
Social appellations have changed greatly. In the late 197s, members of society called each other comrades. In the 198s, comrades were called only in meetings or official activities, and teachers were called in general occasions. If acquaintances or colleagues were known, their surnames were more appropriate, and they were preceded by "old" or "young" according to their age. Rural neighbors are mostly based on seniority and age. In the 199s, men in cities and towns were often called Mr, while women were called Mrs, Mrs, Ms and Miss. Business circles are commonly called "boss" (business owner) and "boss" (company manager). Most civil servants are commensurate with their positions. If the other party is a deputy, the word "deputy" will be removed. Professional and technical personnel are often commensurate with their professional titles, such as a professor, a doctor, a worker (engineer) and so on.
Birthday
Birthday for the elderly is a traditional custom of respecting the elderly. In the 198s, people over 6 years old generally began to celebrate their birthdays. On birthday, children, relatives and friends bring cakes, meat, wine, tea and other gifts that the elderly like to celebrate their birthday. A sumptuous banquet was held at home, and the old man wore a new dress and lived in the first place. The whole family toasted one by one, wishing the old man a long and healthy life. In the 199s, many families went to hotels to celebrate the birthday of the elderly, and some went to TV stations and radio stations to order songs or pack a movie to celebrate the birthday of the elderly. On that day, because the children gathered together, most of them took family photos.
In the 199s, young people under 6 also began to celebrate their birthdays. The only child is the center of family concern, and every birthday must be celebrated and grand, which has lost the original meaning of the birthday custom.
V. Funeral
Since 198s, some rituals in traditional funeral customs have become popular in rural areas. When the old man's life is dying, his children change clothes for him, wearing cotton-padded clothes in winter and summer. All immediate family members guard around, listen to the will and watch the old man die. When the old man died, the younger generation immediately went to the courtyard to "call the soul" to the southwest, in order to call back the soul of the deceased, and also to inform the people and neighbors. Then put the dead on the coffin bed, provide food, burn incense and light an ever-burning lamp. The younger generation wore mourning clothes and put white paper on the door. There are two forms of funeral service: written obituary and oral funeral service. The main contents are the name of the deceased and the time of his death, funeral and funeral.
in the early 198s, burial was mostly carried out in rural areas, and the deceased had to be put into a coffin, which was called burial. At this time, relatives must be present to bid farewell to the body. If the deceased is a woman, her family must be present. After the funeral, the coffin was parked in the coffin shed, and the younger generation was divided into men and women to accept the condolences of relatives and friends. The mourners cry before kneeling, and the closest relatives must pay a libation. The resting period varies from 3 to 5 days.
The night before the funeral, the funeral home held a farewell ceremony for the deceased, commonly known as "sending travelling expenses", and the place was chosen at the intersection or open space. The deacon set the altar in advance, set the incense burner candlestick, prepared dishes and wine, and the younger generation and relatives and friends bowed their heads to see the dead off. After the ceremony, paper carts, horses, sedan chairs, cash cows, etc. were burned, and the children cried and ran into the fire to show their retention for the dead. Funeral, also known as burial, the eldest son holds a coffin, and other younger generations hold mourning sticks and go with the coffin to the cemetery. After the coffin entered the cave, the younger generation took the soil and sprinkled it on the lid to bury it. Then the neighbors piled up soil and became graves. On the third day, the children filled the "round grave" and burned paper to mourn. From the date of the death of relatives, they will pay homage to the grave every seven days until July 7th.
the deceased whose parents are alive do not follow the above etiquette. In the middle and late 198s, cremation was widely practiced in China, and the government advocated changing customs and customs, and the etiquette was gradually simplified. The graves scattered in the fields were flattened, cemeteries were established, and some villages built memorial halls to store urns. Since the 199s, it has become fashionable in rural areas to erect monuments or plant trees to commemorate the dead.
The funeral of urban residents is relatively simple. After their death, a farewell ceremony is held in the funeral home, and relatives, friends and colleagues pay tribute to the deceased. After that, it was sent to a cremation factory for cremation, and the urn was sent to a memorial hall for storage.
VI. ancestor worship
since the 198s, ancestor worship in rural areas has flourished again. There are two ways to worship ancestors: sweeping graves and offering sacrifices at home. Tomb sweeping, also known as going to the grave, has a fixed date. Tomb-sweeping in Qingming Festival is the most common. Besides offering sacrifices, it is also necessary to add soil to the grave to prevent the summer rain from washing away. Grave-sweepers on July 15th and October 1st of the lunar calendar are mostly women, and generally only go to "new graves" (that is, the graves of grandparents and parents who died soon). Grave-sweeping is the most solemn in the Spring Festival, and all the male members of the family go to the grave to worship their ancestors, and play drums and set off firecrackers. Family sacrifice, that is, setting up a church at home to worship ancestors. Generally, in the early morning of New Year's Eve, parents lead their sons and nephews to the village head to invite their ancestors home for the New Year. Set up a altar in the hall, hang the "family hall", display the genealogy, light incense sticks and put on tributes. On New Year's Eve, family members kowtow to their ancestors, burn incense and paper, and set off firecrackers. Send the ancestors home on the second day. There are also worshippers on Mid-Autumn Festival and ancestor's memorial day.
VII. Etiquette
In the 198s, people's communication etiquette was popular, such as shaking hands, handing hands and nodding their heads. On special occasions such as New Year greetings to elders, sacrifices to ancestors, condolences, etc., there are prostrations in rural areas. Gifts or banquets between relatives and friends must be reciprocated at appropriate times. When you meet for the first time, introduce yourself or present your business card. When we meet again after a long separation, we shake hands and exchange greetings. Wave at parting. At the banquet, please take the guests to their seats first, and make a toast to make the dishes; After the banquet is over, the guests will go first and be sent to the door. Old, young, and women are given priority in occasions such as taking a bus, shopping, and seeing a doctor. In the 199s, it became fashionable for governments at all levels to pay attention to the construction of spiritual civilization, observe etiquette and be polite to others.