There are many fairy tales of Three Emperors and Five Emperors circulating among the people in our country. There are different opinions about who "Huang San" and "Five Emperors" are. People generally use the records in Records of the Five Emperors: the ancient Suiren, Fu and Shennong; The five emperors in ancient times were Huangdi, Zhuan Xu, Di Ku, Yao and Shun.
Subtitle Screen: Yao Wang Statue, Water, Well, Slander, Dragon Brand, Ancient Books, etc.
Yao,,,. It has been named Taohou and Tanghou successively, so it is also called Taotang. According to legend, Yao is the leader of the tribal alliance. He promoted wells and agriculture. The establishment of the crime of libel and abdication opened the oldest political civilization in China. Yao is a benevolent monarch in the opening of Shangshu, and is honored as one of the "Three Emperors and Five Emperors" by the descendants of the Yellow Emperor.
Commentary: Many people have been to Yao Temple in Linfen, but few people can notice that there are two wooden pillars in front of Guangyun Temple in Yao Temple, and even fewer people can associate them with noble and exquisite China watches. Many people can't help asking, is there any origin between this ordinary wooden pillar and the China watch symbolizing the Chinese nation?
According to Cui Bao's Notes on Ancient and Modern Times in Jin Dynasty, Cheng Ya asked, "Why did Yao Li slander trees?" Answer: "Today's China is also beautiful." For Hua Biao, the explanation in Ci Yuan is: Hua Biao, also known as Huan Biao, was a wooden pillar used in ancient times to show that Wang could tame or guide the way. According to legend, in the era of Emperor Yao, in order to encourage his subjects to remonstrate, Yao set up a wooden pillar on the avenue in front of the palace, which was named "Zhi Mu". People could write down their opinions on it or knock on it, and King Yao went out of the palace to accept their opinions. Defamation now refers to slander and false words. But in the beginning, it meant bold comments. In the old days, ministers played the emperor and called it "playing the table", so slandering wood is also called table wood and slandering wood. Later, with the change of dynasties, Fei Mu gradually evolved into today's huabiao, becoming a symbol of architectural decoration and power, and losing its original virtue meaning in terms of trainability. Tracing back to the origin of Huabiao, people lamented that as early as 4,500 years ago, ancient Yao Di had such a kind and enlightened democratic style.
Yao Dian, the opening book of Shangshu, praised Yao for his wisdom, good governance, tolerance and gentleness, and respect for others, which made the virtue of sages shine everywhere, distinguished right from wrong and reconciled all the people. Yao Wang's noble character was greatly admired by later generations. In the local chronicles of Linfen, there are many temples, memorial buildings and legendary relics about Emperor Yao, some of which still exist, while others are hard to find. A village four kilometers away from Yao Temple is said to be Yao's hometown. The name of this village is also named after Yao's surname. There is a stone tablet in the village during the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, engraved with six big characters, which means that Yao Wang once lived in a thatched cottage on this platform. In addition to a village, Linfen has many historical sites related to Yao Wang's life, among which Gushe Mountain is the most legendary. "Zhuangzi Xiaoyao Tour" said: "The mountain shot by the ancients is inhabited by immortals, with skin like ice and snow and graceful like a virgin." According to local folklore, the charming woman who lives in Xiandonggou of Gushe Mountain is Tang Yao's wife, Luxian.
In the same period: (Yang Xuxing, a villager in Shenyu Village, Xiandonggou, Gushe Mountain) There are many legends about Xiandonggou, which is the Fairy House.
Where immortals live, there are immortals. (Xiandonggou) There is a daughter named Luxian. This woman is particularly beautiful and outstanding. At that time, there was no fire. When drilling wood for fire, (Lu Xian) sends fire back and forth (for the people). When Yao Wang visited Xi 'an, he fell in love with (Lu Xian) and (Lu Xian) also fell in love with Yao Wang. They chatted with each other in the cave and got married after chatting. As for caves, it was here that the first bridal chamber in Yao Wang was mentioned. On Yao Wang's wedding night, two mountains more than 30 feet high lit up. This is what people call candles. This is the wedding night.
Commentary: There is no way to verify the truth of the beautiful legend, but it is true that later generations call the new wedding house "bridal chamber" and the wedding night "the joy of flowers and candles". The mysterious Deer Cave is also called "the first bridal chamber in China". According to folklore, men and women who pray in Deer Cave can get a happy marriage and bathe in the virtues of Tang Yao. ...
Commentary: In order to get water conveniently, most ancestors of ancient tribes lived along the river, but the surging floods often came unexpectedly, washed away shacks and swept away people and animals, so people could not compete with natural disasters at all. Later, people invented wells and moved to Gaoyuan to live in order to avoid floods. In ancient times, King Yao mobilized people to dig wells extensively and extended them to farming, which relieved the threat of drought to people's survival, and people gradually changed from relying on nature to understanding and using nature. The ancestors lived by wells, formed villages, and then developed into cities. The resulting civilization is called street civilization. In the eyes of the ancients, "well" also means hometown. Literally, the word "leaving home" means leaving your hometown with your back to the well. This shows the importance of wells in people's lives at that time. "Work at sunrise, rest at sunset, drink while digging wells, and eat while plowing" is the earliest ballad in China to praise Emperor Yao's peace and prosperity. Historical records? The Chronicle of the Five Emperors said that Yao Rende was superior to heaven and outwitted the gods. When he is around him, he can feel the warmth like sunshine. Look up at him like a noble white cloud. Emperor Yao carried forward the virtue of obedience and defined the duties of officials, so he could make the nine clans harmonious and United and the people live and work in peace and contentment. From ancient times to the present, the story of "Yao Shun abdicated" has been circulated among the people.
In the same period: (Yang Yingqi, former retired cadre of Linfen Cultural Bureau) Yao Wang was in office for 70 years. He felt that he was old and wanted to give up the throne to the sage, so he went out to visit the sage many times. One of the ministers named April recommended a farmer named Zhong Hua to farm in Lishan. Yao Wang went to visit Lishan. Just arrived near Lishan Mountain, I saw a young man driving a yellow cow and a black cow in the distance. He hung a dustpan on the handrail instead of beating cows and knocked at the door at any time. Yao Wang was surprised. Before he could see it, he saw an old man coming down from the mountain with a bundle of firewood on his back. When the young man saw the old man coming, he stopped his farm work and helped him carry firewood down the mountain. At this moment, Yao Wang and his ministers went up to him and asked the old man, old man, is he your son? The old man said no, he is our capital. King Yao said, Du Jun returned the firewood to you? The old man said that he was kind-hearted and cared about the people. King Yao asked the young man, Why do you plough the land instead of beating the cows? Zhong Hua said: "Oh, you see, if you don't move the yellow cattle and the black cattle, you can't move the living things." So I hit a dustpan to scare them, and let them work together in Qi Xin to go hand in hand and make the cultivated land deep and flat. King Yao thinks this man is very talented and says I'm going to visit a saint like you. As soon as they heard this, they asked the saint, Who are you? Suppose I am Wang Yao. Hearing this, the crowd quickly kowtowed to Wang Yao, who said it was a saint! So he gave the throne to Zhong Hua, what our later generations called Shun Wang.
Commentary: Legend has it that Yao Wang died 28 years after his abdication and was buried on the north bank of Waterlogged River in Beixiao Village, Guoxing Township, Linfen today. The ancient emperor Yaoling is surrounded by mountains and waters, and the ancient cypresses are towering. Existing buildings include a stage, an east-west watchtower, an instrument gate, a memorial hall and an east-west annex hall. The memorial hall climbs 13 steps to the north, which is a tablet pavilion. The tablet of Yaoling was erected in the 18th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1590).
At the same time: (Guo Ziming, a mausoleum keeper of the Yaoling Cultural Management Institute) According to ancient legends, Wang Yao was a very good emperor, who did many good things for the people and won their respect and love. Wang Yao has a son named Dan Zhu who has been disobedient all his life. Wang Yao told him to go to the north in the south and the west in the east. After Wang Yao's death, he originally chose the tomb on the south bank of the river, and wanted (Danzhu) to be buried in the south, saying that his son was disobedient and deliberately said that he would be buried in the north (south bank of the river). Later, he was buried in the south. In order to show their respect and love for King Yao, the common people held the earth in their hands and piled it into such a big tomb. The tomb is 50 meters high and 330 meters in circumference. According to legend, the seventh step is the hole leading to the grave: the tomb hole. You can hear the sound of water below when it is quiet at night.
Commentary: In the eyes of ancient humans, the death of human beings is not the end of life, but the change of living environment, and the soul of the deceased will continue in another world. So the living moved the pots and pans into the grave of the dead, and let the dead continue to live in another world. During the period of 1978, tombs dating from 4,500 to 4,300 years ago were excavated at Taosi site in Xiangfen, Shanxi Province, and a large number of unearthed cultural relics told the dusty history. Tao Pan painted with a dragon is the symbol of the oldest dragon image in the Central Plains. These painted wooden products are not only practical, but also beautiful and generous, and they can be found in some utensils we use now. The excavation of royal ritual vessels, such as Zhuan and Tugu, shows that the ritual system, as one of the inherent characteristics of ancient civilization in China, has been formed. Rammed soil fragments and geometric white gypsum wall skin are a perspective of the rise of construction industry. With the deepening of archaeological work, the ancient civilization buried deep underground has revealed the tip of the iceberg.
In the same period: (Dr. He Nv, Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) In 2002, we finally decided on the city site of the early Taosi culture. The city covers an area of 560,000 square meters, and it was also a large-scale city at that time. This city site has the characteristics of a metropolis and has a preliminary division. In the last century, the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences excavated a number of cemeteries in big noble in the early period of Taosi culture, covering an area of more than 40,000 square meters, and excavated more than 300 tombs/kloc-0. Among them, the harvest of the tomb shocked the world, and drums, pottery drums, stone bells, dragon cards, lacquered wood, painted pottery and cymbals were unearthed. This cemetery belongs to the same clan and even has a close blood relationship, but they are very different in wealth and rank. So most scholars think this is a class difference, which is roughly consistent with the age of Yao in our legend. Therefore, many scholars believe that this city is one of the archaeological evidences of Du Yao, but we need more evidence, and written evidence is very important. Although the exact script found in Taosi belongs to the late Taosi culture, it is very similar to Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, so we think it is a relatively mature script, which had a development process before it appeared. By analogy, we suspect that Taosi culture may have written in the early and middle period.
Commentary: No matter what great changes have taken place in human society, the dead will be fixed at the historical level at that time after burial, so tombs are an important content of archaeological research. The large, medium and small tombs in Taosi cemetery are very different. 1300 tombs, the proportion of big tombs is less than 1%, and there are as many as 200 funerary objects, which are rich and exquisite. Medium-sized tombs account for less than 10%, and funerary objects are second only to large tombs; Small tombs account for about 90%, most of which can only accommodate themselves, without coffins and funerary objects. The proportion of three tombs with different specifications, like a pyramid, reflects the polarization between the rich and the poor and the class differences in society at that time, and the emergence of class is one of the symbols of the formation of the country. On the other hand, the discovery of Taosi city site proves that ancient legends have their true "historical shadow", which marks the initial formation of city-state system and the arrival of civilization era.
In the same period: (Qiao Zhongyan, Deputy Director of Propaganda Department of Yaodu District, Linfen City) Yaodi can be said to be the ancestor of Chinese civilization. On the contrary, he inherited the farming culture of the Yellow Emperor and passed it on to Shun and Yu on the basis of prosperity and civilization. (Emperor Yao) He made calendars, promoted water wells, and erected slander trees. As for the demise of Yao and Shun, it can be said that it is an eternal beauty talk that we all know, and it can also be said that it is the earliest democracy. Because Emperor Yao made great contributions in the history of China or in the process of civilization, emperors of all dynasties respected him and sacrificed him, not only for the Han nationality, but also for ethnic minorities. In the Yuan Dynasty, a monument was erected to honor the emperor, that is to say, in Pingyang. So today we have developed into the information age and the network age. At that time, Yao was at best a farming civilization. What does it inspire us today? Yao's culture, that is, Yao's civilization, contains innovative spirit. Say; In the feudal era of China, the most perfect emperor in people's minds was Tang Zongsong Zu. In the eyes of Tang Zong Song Zu, their role model was the ancient Emperor Yao. Because of the existence of Emperor Yao, the source of China's political civilization is so pure and brilliant. ...