1. Surnames:
1. There are 81 compound surnames in China: Ouyang, Taishi, Duanmu, Shangguan, Sima, Dongfang, Dugu, Nangong, Wanxiong, Wenren, Xiahou, Zhuge, Weichi, Ram, Helian, Dan Tai, Huangfu, Zongzheng. Gong Liang, Qi Diao, Le Zheng, Zaifu
, Gu Liang, Tuoba, Jiagu, Xuanyuan, Hu Ling, Duangan, Baili, Huyan, Dongguo, Nanmen, Yangtongue, Weisheng, Gong Hu, Gongyu, Gongyi, Liang Qiu, Gong Zhong, Gongshang, Gongmen, Gongshan, Gongjian and Zuo Qiu. Wu Ming
2. A Complete Collection of Ancient Compound Surnames in China
a An Ling An Ping An An Anyang
b Bai Ma Bai Bai Hou Bao Wa Bei Gong Beiguo North Gate Beishan Bei Tang rushes to the water to force Yang Bin Mou Bo Xi Bo Ye
c Cao Mou Cao Qiu Chang Tao Long Fish Car is unsuccessful, riding a horse to scold Lu Chou, wearing a seal in JunkoS
d Answer Lu Da Bu Da Xi. Dongli Southeast East Palace East Gate Dongxiang Dongdan Dongguo Dongling Dongguan Donglu Dongyang Dongye Donglai Douludou is working in DuDu Duanmu Section. Many sons
e Erzhu
f Fang Leifeng will seal the title of father, husband, husband, and rest of the floating hills. Fu Yu
g Gan has gone to Gao Ling Gao Tang, Levin Gao Xin Gao Luo Ge Shu, Gai Lou Geng Sanggeng Yang Palace Sun Gongyang Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Gong Xi Gong Gong Gong Gong. Gong Liang Gong Gong Shang Gong Shan Gong Hu Gong Yu Gong Yi Gong Zhong Gong Jian Gong Bo Gong Zu Gong Xi Gong Gong Gu Bu Gu Kou Gu Sun Gu Liang Gu Hun Gua Tian Guan Long Salmon Yang Gui Hai
h letter to treat Han Yu Han Jing Hao Sheng Hao Xing Hao Xing Xi Xi Yu He Bo Helan He Lou He Lian Hei Chi Hei Chi Hou Gang Hu Yan Hu Qiu Hu Yan Hu Lu Law Hu Fei Hu Mu Hu Fu Huang Fu
J Wu Guan Ji Bai Jimo Ji Gua Ji Lian Ji Sun Qizhong Jiangqiu Golden Teeth Jin Chu Jingcheng Jingyang 99 Fang Sui Jiuju Canal Giant Mother
k Survey Resistance to Thirst Hou Thirst Dan Khan Kong Tong Empty Kunwu
l Lao Yang Leyang Lifei Liyang Liang Qiu Liang Yuliang Liangyuan Lingyang Lingyang Lingyang Lingzhou Leng Lun Hu Ling Liu Wang Liuxia Longqiu Lufei Lupulu Bu Lu Fei Jiao Li Lu Qiu
m Maya Maiqiu. Maoyi Mi Mou Migemi MaoMo Yi Motai Wan Jun Chang Dun Murong Wooden Door Mu Yi
n Nangong Nanguo Nanmen Nanrong
o Ou Hou Ouyang
p The door basin becomes Peng Zu Ping Ling Pingning, the ugly servant is solid Puyang
q Qi Diao, the strange mother, the mother, the Qilian, the Qi Li, the thousand generations of thousands of people who have been staying in Qingyang Qiuli hilly area, are bent over and bent over. > r soil four Rao Long Rongcheng Ru Yan
s Sagu three meals San Lv Sanzhou Sancho Shangqu Shangguan Shangfang Shao Shi Shaoshi Shaoshi Shaoshu Shaozhengshe Nanshe North Shen Tu Shentu Shen Yousheng Tushi served as Shi Niu's servant, the weak man, the sun Shizhen's uncle, the uncle, the uncle, the uncle, the uncle, the uncle, the water hill, the city, the Si Kong Si Kou, the Si Hong, the Si Ma Situ, the Si Si He Su and the Su Sha Sun Yang Suoyang Suolu
t Dulu. Taishi Taishu Sun Dan Tai Tangshan Tangxi Tao Qiu Tongti Tongti Xibald Tuqin Tuhuo Tuhe Tuwan Tuluo Tumen Tui Difficult Tui Tui Hun Tui Tui Tuo Tuo Tuo Tuo Tuo
w Yan Hong Wang Sun Wang Guan Wang Ren Wei Sheng Wei Shao Wen Gu Wenji blasted into the house Wu Ma Wu Qiu Wu Yong Wu Lu
x Xifu Xiling West Begging West Key Xixiang West Zhou West Guo West. Xi Ye Xi Gong Xi Yang Xi Xia Lu Xia Lou Xia Hou Xian Yu Xian Yu in Xian Yang Xian Qiu Xiang Xie Qiu Xin Yuan Xin Du Xin Ping Xiu Yu Xu Wu Xuan Xuan Qiu E Shi
y Yanling Wang Fa Lead Ling Yang Ye Yang Yi Qi Yi Yi Lu Yi Qu City by Sun Yinfang Yin Wen Yong Men swimming by my right teacher Lian Yu Ling Yu Qiu Yuqiu Yuwen Wei Chi Leyang Lucky Luck. Election period
z Zaifu Nian Chi Zhan Lu Zhang Qiu Du Chang Sun Changer Zhen E is making the leader of the Central Committee of the People's Bank of China Zhongye Zhongying Zhongliang Zhongli Clock Leave Zhong Wu Zhong Li Zhong Kui Zhong Sun Zhongchang xingxing Zhou Zhou Sheng Zhu Yang Zhuge's father Zhuan Sun Zhuan Xu humiliated Zi Qiuzi Yanzi's son, son sang Zi Shu Zi Che Zi Yang Zongbo Zong Zheng Zongzheng Zun Lu yesterday and left Zuo Qiu. Zuo Shi left Liu Wen, Erdali, Cai Sihao, and Hu Si Jia Gu Jieyang
There are several reasons for the compound surname:
First, it came from the feudal city.
For example, Ling Hu's family is described in Hundred Family Names as follows: In the Zhou Dynasty, a man named Wei Ke made many meritorious deeds and was sealed in Hu Ling, so later generations took "Hu Ling" as their surname; Another example is Duan Gan's family. Li Zong, a grandson of Laozi, was sealed in Duan Gan < P >, and later generations took Duan Gan as their surname. In addition, there are Liang Qiu, Shangguan, Yangtongue, Zhong Li and other compound surnames, < P > all of which belong to this situation.
second, because of the place of residence.
For example, in the Zhou Dynasty, some doctors of the Duke of Qi lived in Dongguo, Linzi, the capital of the country, and later generations took Dongguo as their surname. Another example is the complex surnames such as Luqiu, Nanmen, Ximen, Nangong and Puyang, which are also derived from the place of residence.
third, it comes from the official name, the word of the king's father, the rank and clan.
such compound surnames as Sima, Sikong, Sikou, Situ, Taishi, Jimo, Qiguan, Wuma, Lezheng and Zuo Qiu all come from official names;
Ram, Ziyang and other compound surnames come from the words of Wang Fu;
gongsun, Zhong Sun and other compound surnames come from the Jue clan; Granduncle and other compound surnames are inherited from the family line.
Sima Qian was imprisoned because of the "Liling case". His two sons, Sima Lin and Sima Guan, were afraid of being implicated, so they changed their names and surnames and lived in seclusion in the village. The two brothers each took a word from Sima, and the elder brother added two < P > dots to the left of the word Ma and changed his surname to Feng. The younger brother added a vertical to the left of the word "Si" and changed his surname to "Tong". Another example is Ouyang, a compound surname.
Some are simplified as Ou, while others are simplified as Yang. Zhong Li is simplified as a clock, Gong Sun as a sun, and so on.
Some sources of compound surnames:
Baili
1. From Ji's surname, taking the fief as the surname. During the Zhou Dynasty, there was a Yuguo named Ji. After entering the Qin Dynasty, Baili was granted as a fief, and its descendants took the name of the fief as their surname, which was called Baili.
2. Taking people's names as surnames, they are descendants of Dr. Priscilla of the State of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period. At the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, Zhou Wuwang sealed the son of Yu Zhong, the second son of the King of the Zhou Dynasty, to be in Yuguo (in the north of Pinglu County, Shanxi Province). In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a descendant named Xi in Yu Zhong. Because he lived in Baili Township, he was also called Baili Xi. He worked as a doctor in Yu State. In 655 BC, the State of Yu was destroyed by the State of Jin, and both Priscilla and Yu Jun became prisoners and slaves of the State of Jin. At this time, Qin Mugong asked Jin Xiangong to marry him, and Jin Xiangong married his daughter to him. At the same time, he sent Prissy to Qin as one of his servants. Not willing to be a slave, Prissy escaped halfway, but was soon captured by the Chu people and became a slave of the State of Chu. Qin Mugong is an ambitious monarch, who has been recruiting talents. After hearing that Priscilla is a talented person, he is determined to get him back. He was afraid that paying a large sum of money to redeem him would attract the attention of Chu, so he redeemed him as a fugitive slave with five sheepskins according to the value of slaves at that time. After talking with him in Qin Mugong, he praised him and named him a doctor. The descendants of Priscilla took his name as their surname, and called it Baili.
the fifth
comes from Tian's surname. After the establishment of the Han Dynasty by Emperor Gaozu Liu Bang, more than 1, descendants of the kings of Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao and Wei during the Warring States period and noble families moved to Fangling (now Fangxian County, Hubei Province) in Guanzhong. During the migration, due to the large number of people, the original surname was changed, and it was divided into the first surname to the eighth surname. The first mover goes to the first door, which is the first surname; Sun Tiandeng of Tian Guangzhi moved to the second door as the second surname; Tian Guang's grandson Tian Gui is the third surname, and so on. Tian Ying of Tian Guang finally moved and lived in the eighth gate, which is the eighth surname. The fifth family is one of them. This branch later produced many celebrities, so it was received as a prominent surname in Continued Hundred Surnames.
The first to eighth surnames were later changed to the single surname "Di", and now few people keep the compound surnames.
It is said that there is still a fifth surname in Taiwan Province.
the east
1. It came from ancient Fu Xishi. One of Fu Xishi-born grandchildren named Xizhong was in charge of the Qingyang Order of the East for generations because of the earthquake location (the earthquake location dominated the East in the gossip). His descendants took the name Dongfang Ming and called it Dongfang Shi.
2, from Zhang, a descendant of Dong Fangshuo, a writer in the Han Dynasty. Dong Fangshuo's real name is Zhang. His father Zhang Yi died before he was born, and his mother Tian died three days after he was born. His right neighbor raised him. Because he was born at dawn in the east, he was named Dong Fangshuo. His descendants took Dongfang as their surname and called it Dongfang.
Dongguo
comes from the surname Jiang, and is the descendant of the Duke of Qi. Ancient outer city battlements. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Qi Huangong had descendants who lived in the east gate of the outer city of Linzi, the capital, and were called Doctor Dong Guo. His descendants then took their place of residence as their surname, called Dong Guo.
East Gate
comes from Ji's surname, and is named after the place of residence. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Duke Zhuang of Lu had a son named Gongzi Sui, whose name was Xiang Zhong, who was a doctor in Lu. His home is next to the east gate of Qufu, the capital of Lu, and he is called Dongmen Xiangzhong. At that time, Lu Gonggong had a favorite named Jing Bo, and had a good relationship with Xiang Zhong. Xiang Zhong advised the son of Lu Gonggong Jing Bo to be a prince, but he was opposed by the doctor Shu Zhong. Xiang Zhong later went to the State of Qi, and he privately asked the Duke of Qi to support the Japanese to inherit the throne of Lu. Qi Hou wanted to win over Lu, so he agreed. After the death of Duke Wen of Lu, Xiang Zhong, with the support of the State of Qi, killed the son of Mrs. Wen Justice, and made the Japanese Lu Xuangong, with Xiang Zhong in charge of the state affairs. At that time, there were three families in Lu, namely Ji Sun, Meng Sun Shi and Shu Sun Shi, which were called "Sanhuan". Sanhuan has been expanding his power and threatening Lu Jun's position. Xiang Zhong tried his best to protect Lu Jun, and tried many times to eradicate Sanhuan, but without success, so he became sworn enemies with Sanhuan. After Xiang Zhong's death, his son Gongsun returned to his father to succeed him as a doctor. In 591 BC, when Lu Xuangong died, Ji Sun took the opportunity to accuse Xiang Zhong of "killing his official position" and expelling Gong Sun from his father. Gongsun returned to his father and fled to the State of Qi. Later, he took Dongmen as his surname. Later, his descendants took Dongmen as their surname and called it Dongmen.
Duan gan
takes the feudal name as his surname. In the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a philosopher named Laozi, who was later honored as the ancestor of Taoism. Lao Zi's name is Li Yong, and his grandson Li Zong served as a scholar-bureaucrat in Lu, enjoying the products of Duan, and later was entrusted to enjoy the products of Gan. His descendants took the name of the fief as their surname, or Duan Gan, or a single Duan, or a single Gan.
Duan gan's compound surname was later changed to Duan with a single surname, and some changed to Duan with a single surname.
Duanmu
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius had a proud pupil named Duanmu Ci, whose name was Zi Gong. He is a native of Xunxian County, Henan Province. He is good at words and proficient in business. Confucius called him Hu Lian (a sacrificial vessel for millet in ancient ancestral temples, which is often used to compare people who have the ability to establish a dynasty).
4. There are many ways to change a compound surname into a single surname.
"Sun", "Yuan" and "Ma" may come from the surnames of "Gongsun", "Xuanyuan" and "Sima".
"Zhu" and "Tian" may be the sounds of "pig" and "Tian".
Jurchens in the Jin Dynasty changed their Han surname, and The History of Jin recorded "Wu Yan Yue Zhu" and "Ha Bu Ha Yue Tian".
"Wu Yan" and "Abaga" (that is, "Ha Buha") are respectively "pig" and "heaven" in Jurchen language; They think that "pig" is too vulgar and "heaven" is too deified, so they use "Zhu" and "Tian" instead.
In ancient times, "Qilu" was the land of Dongyi, and "Dongyi" was the first place for Jurchen. Thousands of years ago, when the language of Dongyi changed, the two families of "Tian" and "Pig" in Qilu area may have changed their surnames to "Tian" and "Zhu".
Sima Qian was imprisoned because of the "Liling case". His two sons, Sima Lin and Sima Guan, were afraid of being implicated, so they changed their names and surnames and lived in seclusion in the village. The two brothers each took a word from Sima, and the elder brother added two < P > dots to the left of the word Ma and changed his surname to Feng. The younger brother added a vertical to the left of the word "Si" and changed his surname to "Tong".
Ouyang, a compound surname, is simplified to Ou and Yang.
Zhong Li is simplified as Zhong
Gong Sun is simplified as Sun
A compound surname with a single initial: Jiagu, Zuo Qiu, Zong Zheng, Wuma, Zhuan Sun, Wenren, etc.
Second, the system:
Those who change their surnames to others due to adoption, adoption and other relations, and later return to the clan, and request to restore their surnames, are called compound surnames. In the Qing dynasty, whenever an official has a compound surname, the Beijing official shall be consulted by the respective yamen, and the flag member shall be consulted by the flag consultation department, taking the seal of the local Beijing official and the map of this assistant respectively. Alternate Han Jingguan, who is a native governor, is consulted by the local governor; Foreign officials, by the governor of the governor's advisory department. If the Han army resumes its surname, it shall be reported to the Ministry of Civil Affairs by this flag, and the Ministry of Civil Affairs will resume it according to the file. Those who are allowed to return to the official department will still be transferred to the official department to resume their surnames, and those who are officials are not allowed to return to the official department to resume their surnames.