The ancients called Li Bai and Wang Changling "the seven-character quatrains"
1. Their four-character quatrains were also called "marvelous works" by the ancients, and were rated as "models with a history of three hundred years in the Tang Dynasty"
3. It is conceivable that their four-character quatrains have reached their peak. Later generations often compare the seven wonders of the two men. In the Qing Dynasty, Song Luo's Poems on Man Tang said: "The seven wonders of the three Tang Dynasties are immortal, too white and dragon-marked, and peerless."
4. So, what's so superb about the two men's seven wonders that future generations are amazed? Try to make a comparison here, and analyze the characteristics of the two men's seven wonders through comparison.
first, look at the similarities and differences of his seven unique works from the theme content: Li Bai's theme is often to describe landscapes, express friendship and travel life, and is subjective. Wang Changling, on the other hand, mostly described the frontier wars and the women's sorrow, which profoundly reflected various social phenomena and the times, and was objective. In terms of ideological content, they all show the feelings of being active and enterprising, serving the country and saving the world, and healthy and lofty personality.
Li Bai clearly shows a complex ideological tendency in his long ancient style, that is, the contradiction between ideal and reality. Such as: it is hard to go, Coming into Wine, tianmu Mountain Ascended in a Dream, etc., but there is no hearty embodiment in the short and exquisite quatrains, perhaps the quatrains are simple and subtle, and they can not be played incisively and vividly like the ancient style; However, in the seven wonders of different periods, it also reflects his mood. And this kind of emotion reflected in the conflict between ideal and reality can be released and vented in the latest and freest poetic style at that time-quatrains [here is only the analysis of the seven verses]. Of course, his free and unrestrained personality is also particularly adapted to this theme and genre of expressing feelings and feelings, which is mainly based on expressing subjective colors and personal feelings.
Li Bai, before the age of 42, left Shu at the age of 25 and wandered almost half of China. He wrote many excellent poems, which fully showed his ambition of "helping the poor" and "settling down the country" and his unrestrained pursuit of personal freedom. Such as "Looking at Tianmen Mountain":
Tianmen interrupted the opening of the Chu River, and the clear water flowed eastward. The castle peak confrontation between the two sides is difficult to compete, meet a leaf boat leisurely comes from the horizon.
In the author's works, the Chu River seems to have become a thing with great vitality, showing the magical power to overcome all obstacles. Tianmen Mountain, which is facing Jiajiang, seems to be coming towards itself, indicating its welcome to visitors from the river, which is full of fresh joy of people in the boat. Isn't this man in the boat who breaks through all constraints and pursues freedom the poet's self-image?
Li Bai came to Chang' an with enthusiasm, hoping to show his ambition. However, it was not an actual official position to dedicate himself to Hanlin for three years. The old and groggy Xuanzong only regarded him as a literary courtier, and his ideal of saving the world and serving the country was dashed. He refused to take refuge in powerful people, so he naturally had no way out politically. So he quit Chang 'an, traveled mountains and rivers, and was keen on the existing Taoist thought, seeking immortals to visit Taoism. I tried to anesthetize myself with religion to get rid of my grief and anguish. For example, "Asked in the Mountains":
Ask Yu what he wants to live in the blue mountains, and laugh without answering his heart. Peach blossoms are flowing away, and there is another world.
This "a different world is not human" implies how much hurt and hate the poet has in his heart. Another example is "Five Poems of Visiting Dongting with Assistant Minister Lang Ye of the Criminal Department and Jia Sheren of the Chinese Book" (Part II):
There is no smoke in the autumn waters of Nanhu Lake at night, and it can ride straight to the sky. Let the Dongting lake credit a few cents on the moonlight, enjoy the moon drink happily.
In the poem, Li Bai's idea of "dying to be immortal" and "dying to be immortal" is fully revealed. However, he didn't forget his pursuit, and his proud character of not bowing to the powerful is reflected in Looking at Lushan Waterfall:
The incense burner in Rizhao is full of purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of Sichuan in the distance. The high bluff on the high cliffs, as if there were a few thousands of feet, people trance thought that the galaxy from heaven to fall into the world.
isn't this momentum a more intense manifestation of his wild and uninhibited pursuit of personal freedom?
Of course, his arrogance and rebellion are aimed at princes and powerful people, but his friendship is extremely true and cherished, which is most manifested in his seven wonders. For example, "To Wang Lun":
"Li Bai was about to walk in a boat when he suddenly heard singing on the shore. Peach Blossom Pond is deep in thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun. " It vividly expresses sincere and pure affection by comparing things.
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p > I heard that Wang Changling I am worried about my heart and the bright moon, and I will follow the wind until Yelangxi. " The personified moon shows deep feelings for friends.
I also miss and love my hometown during my stay. For example, "The Flute in Los Angeles on a Spring Night":
The sound of Yu Di's dark flying scattered into the spring breeze. In this nocturne, the willow is broken, and no one can afford to feel homesick.
loving your hometown and patriotism are interlinked. This homesickness shows the poet's reluctance to leave Chang 'an despite being left out in the cold. Generally speaking, the theme content of Li Bai's Seven Musts is mostly about describing landscapes, expressing friendship and life in captivity, with a strong subjective color. It is still inseparable from his central theme in other poems, which is the contradiction between ideal and reality. And the complex thoughts and feelings reflected in this contradiction are fully expressed and vented in these themes. There is always a "self" in the poem, an image of a poet who is positive and enterprising, extremely anti-pit, but arrogant and negative. This image also reflects the spirit, features and contradictions of the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Wang Changling's realistic works are mainly reflected in frontier poems, which are realistic. Judging from Wang Changling's experience, he has never been to the northwest frontier, but he has written many immortal poems that reflect the unfortunate experiences and homesickness of soldiers in the western frontier, as well as patriotism and courage. This may be related to his bumpy life and repeated hardships, and he feels deeply. It is also related to his time: during the Kaiyuan period, the national strength was strong, the military reform [mercenary system] strengthened the military and political power of the border customs, and people yearned for making contributions to the border customs, which became a common practice. All these prompted him to develop into a realistic style, and made him famous for his achievements in frontier poems. In short, the unfortunate experience makes it more realistic, and the fashion of the times and the feelings of serving the country urge it to take "frontier fortress" as the theme. For example, "Two Embankments" (Part I):
The moon was closed in Qin and the people on the Long March were not returned. But make Long Biao fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain.
This masterpiece was once praised by Li Panlong, a poet in Ming Dynasty, as a masterpiece of the Tang Dynasty. Don't the tragedy of "people who have not returned from the Long March" and the wish of "not calling Humadu Yinshan Mountain" reflect the face and voice of the times? Another example is "Joining the Army" (Part I):
"The bonfire is 1 feet west of the city, sitting alone in the sea breeze and autumn at dusk. Even playing the Qiang flute and Guan Shanyue, there is no such thing as Wan Li's sorrow. " It depicts the deep feelings of homesickness and homesickness of frontier guards.
(second): "When dancing with a new voice, the pipa always turns off the old feelings. I can't listen to the dazzling side, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall. " Through the military feasts, the deep and complicated feelings of the defenders are expressed.
His poems also strongly express the patriotic pride and brave spirit of the soldiers. For example, the fourth part of "Seven Poems of Joining the Army":
There are dark snow-capped mountains in Changyun, Qinghai, and the lonely city overlooks Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and it will not be returned until it breaks Loulan.
Even always in my heart's poems are related to frontier recruitment, such as "always in my heart":
"Young women in boudoir never worry, but in spring, they put on makeup and go to the green building. Suddenly I saw the willow color in the stranger's head and regretted teaching my husband to find a marquis. " Here, "seeking to seal the Hou" refers to the expedition from the army and making meritorious deeds. This also reversed the fashion of the times.
From Wang Changling's Seven Wonders, we can see all kinds of social phenomena and times. This objective color is exactly different from the strong subjective color permeated in the content of Li Bai's seven wonders.
However, they are consistent in the ideological content of showing patriotic enthusiasm and lofty and pure personality. For example, Li Bai's "Eleven Touring Songs of Yong Wang Dong" (the eleventh): "Try to command Rong Lu to sit at a banquet with the help of the king's jade whip. The south wind swept away the hush and went west to Chang' an to the Japanese side. " Patriotism is full of passion. Wang Changling's patriotic enthusiasm in "Joining the Army" is particularly good, such as "I won't give it back until I break the Loulan" and "I won't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain".
Li Bai's feeling of diluting feathering in the Four Wonders can be said to be the embodiment of his lofty and pure character. For example, "In the mountains and lovers": "Two people drink flowers in the mountains, one cup after another. I am so drunk that I want to go to sleep, and I intend to hold the piano in the Ming Dynasty. " It shows the poet's extraordinary character.
Listening to the flute on the Yellow Crane Tower with Shi Lang Zhongqin: "One is to move guests to Changsha, but I can't see home in Chang 'an in the west. Yu Di blows in the Yellow Crane Tower, and plum blossoms fall in Jiangcheng in May. " The political blow did not make the poet forget the state affairs, and the heart of boxing was obvious.
Wang Changling's "at hibiscus inn parting with xin jian" (Part I): "Cold rain enters Wu at night even in the river, and seeing off visitors to Chu Mountain in plain sight. If relatives and friends in Luoyang ask each other, a piece of ice heart is in the jade pot. " . The poet has suffered many hardships and frustrations in his life. In a dark bureaucratic group, he should be kept spotless and clean as ice in a jade pot. How proud and lofty.
In a word, the content of Li Bai's four-line theme is to send affection to mountains and rivers and miss friendship. There is always a "self" image in the poem, which expresses the poet's thoughts and feelings and indirectly reflects the social reality. The theme of Wang Changling's Four Wonders focuses on describing the frontier life and women's sadness. It directly and profoundly reflects various social phenomena and times. This is their difference. The same is the patriotic feelings, the spirit of being proactive, the feelings of worrying about the country and the people, the melancholy of serving the country, and the lofty and pure personality charm.
second, from the perspective of expression, the two have their own obvious characteristics. "Li Shi naturally flows away, as if he blurted out, blurted out, and wrote from the letter. Wang Shi is perfected by hammering and washing. " This is different. The superb scene blending technique should be their * * * similarities.
Let's talk about the differences first:
"Clear water produces hibiscus, and it is natural to carve it." Li Bai's two poems are the most vivid descriptions and summaries of his poetic language. In Examples of Poetry, the word "nature" means no affectation, no painting, no piling up; Have fun with nature. This kind of "natural interest" is the wonderful nature. Shen Deqian's Poems on Tang Poetry said: "The seven-character quatrains are close to feelings, and it is more important to keep your words hidden. Just looking at the prospect, speaking words, and having overtones, makes people far away, too white and awkward. " These characteristics he mentioned are actually the naive and natural charm of folk songs. The Four Wonders originally originated from the folk songs of the Six Dynasties, and the allusion of "grinding the needle with an iron pestle" also shows that Li Bai has made great efforts to learn from folk songs, but it is no accident that he wants to "blurt it out". Such as "Seeing Rhododendron in Xuancheng":
Shu once heard of Zigui birds, and Xuancheng also saw Rhododendron. One call, one ileum, one break, and three memories in March and March.
here is the use of folk spoken language, which is both vivid and cordial. There are also the examples of poems cited above, all of which show the unique charm of Li Bai's literary language: colloquial and refined.
"naturally flowing away" and "blurting out" can also be analyzed from the aspect of his emotional truthfulness. In Examples of Poetry, "straightforwardness" is renamed as "the expression of rushing", which means that "there is a kind of emotion that suddenly rushes and rushes. Use very simple sentences to express the feelings of extreme truth as much as possible. If you want to talk more or put it mildly, then your true face is completely lost. " . This requires authenticity, which is inseparable from the author's life. (Liang Qichao's Emotion Expressed in China's Rhymes) [6] For example, "Early Sending of Baidi City":
A thousand miles away in Jiangling will be returned in one day. Cross - strait ululation of apes, also in the ear ceaselessly crowing unconsciously, the canoe has passed the heavy castle peak.
First, I was suddenly forgiven during my exile. Second, I experienced the Three Gorges boat racing, and my feelings suddenly burst into a torrent. Coupled with my ability to learn from the folk song "Tianqu", I naturally got this immortal and tireless masterpiece. In fact, all his works are permeated with his sincere feelings and straightforward personality. Also, Li Bai is a romantic poet with a strong subjective color and is characterized by self-expression. His personality of breaking through the shackles and pursuing freedom also made him write a poem "suddenly rushing and spilling", and even the meter can't stop Li Bai's whimsy. Learning vivid spoken English from folk songs, sincere feelings, and uninhibited personality can explain the origin of his "flowing away naturally, as if he blurted it out and followed the letter"? This is also the most remarkable feature of Li Bai's Seven Musts.
Most of Wang Changling's frontier poems adopt the old theme of Yuefu, and he is the most expert in the Seven Wonders, which is naturally a model of studying hard from folk songs. At this point [learning from folk songs], they are the same. But why is the artistic expression completely different from Li Bai? Wang Shi has two characteristics.
first, be good at using the four-line technique to express the feeling in an instant. Take "always in my heart" as an example:
Young women in boudoir don't know how to worry, so they put on a green building in spring. Suddenly saw the green willows green, in the heart afflictive; Oh, regret should not call my husband to find fenghou.
The young woman didn't know how to worry, and went upstairs to enjoy the spring scenery without any worries. But when she saw the willow color in the stranger's head, she felt lonely and lost. This is the most enlightening moment, and therefore the most poetic moment. By expressing the feelings in an instant, readers are inspired by endless associations. Another example is "Joining the Army" (Part I): "A hundred-foot building in the west of the bonfire city". There is nothing unusual about recruiting people to defend the city, and the sound of a Qiang flute evokes the melancholy of strangers. The poet captures the changes in people's minds in an instant and expresses it accurately. Wang Changling is particularly good at describing this touching process in detail.
second: quatrains are only four words, and he has to deal with every sentence carefully, so he has no spare time. The first sentence is often a sudden sound, which opens a situation with thunderous momentum. For example,
The moon was closed in Qin and the people on the Long March were not returned. If the attack on the dragon city of Wei Qing and flying general Li guang are alive today, the Huns will not be allowed to go south to spend their horses in Yinshan.
the dusty desert is getting dark, and the red flag is half rolled out of Yuanmen. The former army fought Taohe River in the night, and it has been reported that they have captured Tuguhun alive.
There are dark snow-capped mountains in Qinghai, and the lonely city looks at Yumenguan. Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles, and it will not be returned until it breaks Loulan.
Pipa dances with a new sound, which is always close to the old feelings. I can't stop worrying about playing, and the high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall.
The cold and rainy weather entered Wu at night, and it was plain and clear to see off the guests in Chu Mountain. Friends, if Luoyang friends ask me to come; Just say that I still bing Xin Okho, adhere to faith!
The above five first sentences are straight to the point. But the best part is not the first sentence, but the third sentence. Generally speaking, quatrains have to open up a new realm in the third sentence and dig out new ideas, so the first two sentences should be gentle to facilitate the next level. Wang Changling's intonation is risky, but he can also get a boost in the third sentence and take his thoughts and feelings further, which really requires a high degree of artistic skills. . For example, in the poem "The Embankment", the average person wrote "The bright moon in the Qin Dynasty was closed in the Han Dynasty, and the people on the Long March did not return it", and it is likely to go on to describe the melancholy of the people who did not return it. Wang Changling, however, did not connect in this way, and he opened up another layer of new ideas: "But make the Dragon City fly, and don't teach Huma to cross the Yinshan Mountain." Others, such as "Luoyang's relatives and friends ask each other questions", "Yellow sand wears golden armor in hundreds of battles" and "stirring up the side and worrying about the bullets", are all unexpected wonderful words. Wang Changling refused to let go of the poem's conclusion. He sometimes writes very realistically and positively, such as "I won't give it back until I break Loulan" and "A piece of ice is in the jade pot". Sometimes it is subtle and deliberately blocked, and the lingering sound is lingering, such as "high autumn moon shines on the Great Wall". It is precisely the need to carefully depict the touching picture and carefully handle each short sentence that makes it impossible for Wang Changling to write poems by hammering. It is different from Li Bai's "coming out of his mouth".
can the above analysis explain the differences between them in expression techniques?
Let's talk about the same thing: superb scene blending technique.
The world says, "Li's poems are famous for depicting scenery, while Wang's poems are good at expressing emotion.