Words for others to address
1. "Words" are only limited to people with status in ancient times. "Book of Rites·Quli" says: "A man's 20-year-old hairpin is given a Chinese character", and "a woman's fifteen-year-old hairpin is called a Chinese character". This means that regardless of male or female, only when they reach adulthood can they choose a Chinese character. The purpose of choosing a Chinese character is to make people respect them. , for others to call. Most people, especially peers and subordinates, are only allowed to address their elders by their names and not by their first names.
2. The main basis for ancient people’s method of naming characters are as follows:
①Tautology. For example, Qu Yuan's name is Ping, his courtesy name is Yuan, and Guangping is Yuan. Confucius's students Zaiyu, also known as Ziwo, Ji Lu, Ziyou, Yan Hui, Ziyuan, Zhuge Liang, Kongming, Tao Yuanming, Yuanliang, Zhou Yu, Gongjin, Zhugejin, Ziyu, and Wen Tianxiang, Jingrui, all belong to this category. .
②Antonyms and opposites. Jin Dynasty official Zhao Shuai (meaning to decrease) was named Ziyu (meaning to increase). Zeng Dian (Xiao Hei) has clear characters and white color. Wang Ji of the Tang Dynasty had the courtesy name Wugong, Zhu Xi (Huoliang) had the courtesy name Yuanhui, Zhao Mengfu of the Yuan Dynasty had the courtesy name Ziang, and Yan Shu had the courtesy name Tongshu.
③Lian Yi speculates. Zhao Yun's courtesy name was Zilong (Yun Conglong); Chao Buzhi's courtesy name was Wujiu; Su Shi's courtesy name was Zizhan ("Zuo Zhuan Xi 28th Year": "Jun Feng Shi came to observe it"); Yue Fei's courtesy name was Pengju.
It can be seen from the above three categories that characters and names are closely related. Characters are often supplements or explanations of names. This is called "name correspondence" and they are mutually exclusive, so characters are also called "expressions". Character". These three are the main ones. In addition, there are also the characters based on the five elements of the stems and branches, the characters for ranking, or the character line plus the ranking, and the character "father" (Fu) added after the character, which is generally included in the scope of the character.
Like naming, numerology has the flavor of the times. A general trend is to beautify words and respect aging, which is more obvious in respecting aging.
After the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the strengthening of Neo-Confucianism, there were more and more red tapes, and scholars also made a fuss about addressing each other. The title was to show respect, but after a long time, the title gradually became The word was not respectful enough, so there was a nickname that was more respectful than the word.
3. Why did the ancients use the characters and names?
Most of today's people have a "name" but no "word", so when we talk about "name", we usually refer to only the person's name, or given name. However, in ancient times, most people, especially officials and intellectuals, had both a "name" and a "character", and some people had a "number" in addition to their name and character.
4. What is a name and a word:
The so-called "name" is a special name for an individual in society, that is, a symbol used by an individual in society. "Zi" is often the explanation and supplement of the name, and is the opposite of the "name", so it is also called "table character". "Book of Rites Tan Gong Shang" says: "Young name, crown character." "Shu" says: "You start adding names in the third month of your life, so it is said that you have a young name. At the age of twenty, you have the way to be a father. Friends and other categories cannot be repeated. When you call someone by his name, you add a name to him. "Also, "Yi Li·Shi Guan Li" says: "When you call someone by name, you give him a name, and others call him by name." It can be seen from this that the name is the name. Started in childhood, for the elders to call upon. When a man reaches adulthood at the age of twenty, he must hold a crowning ceremony, which marks that he will become an official and enter society. When a woman grows up, she has to leave her mother's home and be married. Those who are not married are called "Wei Zi" or "Wai Zi". When a person is married at the age of fifteen, a hairpin ceremony is held, and a character is also chosen for friends to call:
In ancient times, early personal names were generally very simple, such as the personal names left by the Xia and Shang dynasties: Kong Jia, Lu Gui, Waibing, Yong Ji, Pan Geng, Wu Ding, Xiao Xin, etc. are all named after people with stems and branches, which may be related to the people's concept of attaching importance to time at that time. Later, with the advancement of society, the development of language and writing, and the strengthening of consciousness and concepts, people's names became more and more complex, and naming people became a science. When choosing a name, the connotation it contains must be carefully considered and considered repeatedly. "Zuo Zhuan: The Sixth Year of Duke Huan" records the five principles of naming in the Spring and Autumn Period: "There are five names: trust, righteousness, image, falsehood, and type." This is the answer to Duke Huan's question by Shen Ru, a senior official in the state of Lu. The name was mentioned at the time, which means: either based on the characteristics of the person's birth, or from several aspects such as admiring auspiciousness, supporting objects to symbolize aspirations, praising virtues, and reposing the expectations of the parents. He also put forward seven no’s: “Not based on country, not based on officials, not based on mountains and rivers, not based on hidden diseases, not based on animals, not based on utensils and coins”.
The ancients’ practice of naming names with emphasis on meaning and connotation has continued to this day for thousands of years. For boys and girls born due to their physiology. Their personalities and the careers they are going to engage in are different, so the names are also different.
Men are often named with words that are mighty, brave, wise, strong and perseverant, while women are often named with words that are virtuous, beautiful, beautiful and beautiful.
In addition, naming also reflects the characteristics of the times. The Xia and Shang dynasties mentioned above are a typical example of their preference for using names of stems and branches. Later, in the long-term feudal society, the families of wealthy officials were mostly named after the meanings of loyalty, filial piety, good fortune, longevity, and prosperity, and promotion and wealth. Therefore, they were called benevolence, righteousness, etiquette, wisdom, trust, blessing, virtue, longevity, and glory. There are particularly many people who are promoted, succeeded to their ancestors, honored their ancestors, and continued their lineage. Ordinary people also want to live a good life and hope to have more children and go to school, so they are called Fugui, Defu, Jincai, Zhixue, Ping'an, Changshun, Mancang, Mancun, Baocheng, Jinsuo, Shuanzhu and other names. Very many.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, many new names appeared, such as Jianguo, Aid Korea, Weiguo, Support the Army, Jianjun, Support Yue, Stay in the Soviet Union, Weidong, Red Guard, Cultural Revolution, Study and Work, Support Agriculture, etc. .
Since the opening up, there has been a rise in the use of foreign names. This is undesirable and cannot be promoted.
5. What is the connection in meaning between table characters and names:
The ancients were very particular about choosing table characters, and the situation was very complicated. However, careful inspection, analysis, and research revealed that there are rules. Findable. For example, it is common to choose names according to the order of eldest and youngest brothers. For example, Confucius was the second eldest, so he was named Zhongni. He also had an elder brother who was named Meng Lai. The most typical one is Brother Sun from Soochow during the Three Kingdoms period. Sun Ce gave his eldest son the courtesy name Bo Fu; Sun Quan gave his second son the courtesy name Zhongmou; Sun Yi, the third oldest son, took the courtesy name Shubi; Sun Kuang ranked fourth and took the courtesy name Ji Zuo.
There are also many cases where the word "子" is used in the word "子", because "子" was a good name or honorific for men in ancient times. So people like to use it, such as Kong Zhuang, whose courtesy name is Zisi; Zhong Yuan, whose courtesy name is Zi Lu; Sima Qian, whose courtesy name is Zichang; Cao Zhi, whose courtesy name is Zijian; Su Shi, whose courtesy name is Zizhan; Du Fu, whose courtesy name is Zimei; Yuan Mei, whose courtesy name is Zicai.
Although these names are common, they have little connection with the real name. In fact, Bo, Zhong, Shu, Ji Hezi are not real names, and the characters behind them such as "ce" and "quan" are not the real names. ", "thinking", "long", "beautiful", etc. are the main components of the Chinese characters. This main component is related to the meaning of the original name, and they are introduced below:
a. The meaning is the same: that is, the word and the name have the same meaning, are connected, and are in a parallel relationship, so they are also called "parallel expressions". Such as:
Qu Ping, whose courtesy name is Yuan. Guangping said Yuan, meaning the same.
Yan Hui, courtesy name Ziyuan. Yuan, backwater, has the same meaning.
Jaiyu, also known as Ziwo. Yu, I also, have the same meaning.
Fan Xu, courtesy name Zi Chi. Xu and Chi both mean "to wait".
Zhang Heng, courtesy name Pingzi. Balance and balance have the same meaning.
Lu You, Zi Wu Guan. You and Guan have the same meaning.
Zeng Gong, courtesy name Zigu. Consolidation and solidification have the same meaning.
Ban Gu, also named Meng Jian. Strong and solid have the same meaning.
Meng Ke, courtesy name Ziyu. Ke and Yu are both chariots.
b. Similar meanings: that is, the words and names have similar meanings, but are not exactly the same. They can assist each other, which is called "auxiliary form". For example:
Liang Hong, whose courtesy name is Boluan. Luan and writing are both birds, but they are not the same species. Hongyan and Luanfeng can help each other.
Lu Ji, courtesy name Shiheng. Ji and Heng are both star names in Beidou, and they assist each other.
Zheng Qiao, whose courtesy name is Yuzhong. The woodcutter is a firewood collector, and the fisherman is a fisherman. They are often partners and help each other.
Li Yu, also known as Li Weng. Fishermen often wear coir raincoats.
Chen Lin, also known as Kong Zhang. Lin and Zhang are both jade products and help each other.
c. Opposite meanings: that is, the meaning of the character and the name are opposite. This situation can be called a "contradiction", such as:
Zeng Dian, the character Xi. The spots are black and the skin is white.
Zhu Xi, whose character is obscure. Xi is the dawn, Hui is the night.
Liu Guo, the name was changed. It's not a fault if you change it.
Wang Ji, whose name is Wu Gong. Achievements and reactive efforts are exactly the opposite.
d. The meaning is consistent: that is, the word and the name often come from a sentence, the meaning is consistent, and the word supplements or modifies the meaning of the name. This situation can be called "expanded", such as:
< p> Xu Qian, with a long courtesy name. "Kong Congzi" said: "It's not because of the great body and stems."The name and the character have the same meaning in one sentence, and the character provides a supplementary explanation to the name.
Cao Cao, whose courtesy name is Mengde. "Xunzi Encouraging Learning" says: "Life depends on this, and death depends on it. Yes, this is called moral conduct. "The word and name are combined in one sentence to combine morality, that is, moral conduct, and the word is a modified explanation and supplement to the name.
Zhao Yun, whose name is Zilong. "The Book of Changes" says: "Yun Conglong, The wind follows the tiger. "The names and characters in one sentence have the same meaning.
Lu Yu, courtesy name Hongjian. "Book of Changes" states: "Hongjian can be used as a ritual to Lu Qiyu. "The word explains the name.
Gao Ming, the word means sincerity. "Book of Rites" states: "Sincerity means clarity. "The name and the character are in one sentence, sincerity is the prerequisite for Ming, and Ming is the consequence of sincerity.
Yu Qian, whose courtesy name is Tingyi. "Shangshu" says: "Qian benefits. "The name and the word are in one sentence, modesty is the prerequisite, and benefit is the consequence of modesty.
e. The meanings are intertwined: that is, the model means an extension of the meaning of the name. This situation can be called " "Extended form". For example:
Li Bai, whose courtesy name is Taibai. Taibai refers to Taibai Venus, which is an extension of Taiyi.
Du Mu, whose courtesy name is Muzhi. Muzhi means herding, which is an extension of the meaning. The meaning of Mu.
Yang Da, whose name is Shida. Shida means Shijin, which further extends the meaning of Da.
Qiu Xi, whose name is Yongxi. It is a provincial stipulation of "Yongxi is hard to grow old", which comes from "The Book of Songs·Lu Song", which extends the meaning of "Lei Jianfu" and also emphasizes the simplified meaning. >
6. How to address names and characters in ancient times:
In ancient times, due to the special emphasis on etiquette, the names and characters were very particular. In interpersonal communication, names were generally used as modesty. Calling each other by name, calling each other by name, or calling each other by name, or calling each other by name is considered a form of acknowledgment. It is impolite behavior. It is considered polite to address each other by names. When writing or calling each other from inferior to superior, you can address each other by names, but you must not address them by name, especially the monarch or your own parents and elders. It is even forbidden to mention the name, otherwise it would be "disrespectful" or "rebellious", so our country's unique "taboo" system was not discussed here, but will be introduced in detail below.
< p> In ancient times, names and characters were used together to show respect. There are two situations that deserve our attention:The first situation is that in the pre-Qin period, when names and characters were used together, the characters were used first and then the characters. Name. For example:
Kongfu Jia, the ancestor of Confucius in the Song Dynasty, "Kongfu" is the given name; "Jia" is the given name;
Shu Liang. He (he), Confucius's father, "He" is his given name; "Shuliang" is his given name; his surname is "Kong"
Meng Mingshi, Baili Xi's son, "Shi" is his given name. ; "Mengming" is the given name; the surname is "Baili"
Xiqishu, the son of Uncle Jian, "Shu" is the given name; "Xiqi" is the given name; the surname is "Jian".
Bai Yi Bing, the son of Uncle Jian, "Bing" is the given name; "Bai Yi" is the given name; the surname is "Jian"
The second situation is after the Han Dynasty. When naming names in succession, first "name" and then "zi":
"Kong Rong of Lu State was a literary scholar, Guangling Chen Lin Kong Zhang, Shanyang Wang Can Zhongxuan, Beihai Xu Qianwei Chang, Chen Liu Ruan Yu Yuan Yu. , Runan Yingcheng Dejin, Dongping Liu Zhen went to work..." This is a passage in Cao Pi's "Dian Lun·Wen", which mentions that the names of the "Seven Sons of Jian'an" are called first by their first name and then by their font.
7. Aliases:
In ancient times, some people had "aliases" in addition to their names and characters. The nicknames were nicknames for people, so they were also called "aliases." The number is very practical. In addition to being called by people, it is also used as a signature for articles, books, calligraphy and paintings. Such as Lu Tong's "Collected Poems of Yuchuanzi", Du Mu's "Collected Works of Fanchuan", "Six-body Thousand-Character Essay of Songxue", Lao Lian's "Lotus and Mandarin Ducks", etc. If we are not familiar with the nicknames of ancient literary writers, it will be difficult to know who the authors of these works are. Therefore, for ancient literati and writers, we must not only know their names and surnames, but also remember their nicknames.
a. The origin of "Hao"
There is no detailed record in the literature about when the trend of raising trumpets originated. It probably started during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period.
Such nicknames as "Laodan" and "Guiguzi" can be regarded as the earliest nicknames in my country. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Tao Yuanming called himself "Mr. Wuliu". In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, more people gave themselves nicknames. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, it became a common trend. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it reached its peak. Not only did everyone have a nickname, but one person could have many nicknames. . For example, the Ming Dynasty painter Chen Hongshou had four nicknames: "Lao Lian", "Lao Chi", "Hui Chi", and "Yunmen Monk". Until modern times, the trend of using nicknames has not declined, such as Su Xuanying's nickname "Manshu"; Qi Su's nickname "Baishi"; and He Xiangning's nickname "Shuangqing Louzhu". Since modern times, literati's nicknames have gradually been replaced by pen names.
b. How the "Hao" is formed
There are two situations in which the "Hao" is formed:
① It is given by the user himself. The middle and upper class figures in feudal society, especially the literati, always liked to give themselves names. Precisely because the "Hao" is chosen by oneself, it is not restricted by family, clan, etiquette and seniority like a name or a given name. It can freely express and flaunt the user's ambitions and tastes. Therefore, many names have appeared. There are many different nicknames, but careful analysis and in-depth investigation can still summarize some unique characteristics:
A. Distinctive marks of the times, such as:
During the Tang and Song Dynasties, Buddhism was popular in our country and had a profound influence on the middle and upper-class intellectuals, so many people took the title of "lay Buddhist". Li Bai was called "Qinglian layman"; Bai Juyi was called "Xiangshan layman"; Su Shi was called "Dongpo layman"; Fan Chengda was called "Shihu layman"; Li Qingzhao was called "Yi'an layman".
In the Yuan Dynasty, Taoism was advocated, and many literati took the title of "Taoist". For example, Feng Zizhen was nicknamed "Taoist Weiwei"; Qiao Ji was nicknamed "Taoist Xingxing"; Ren Renfa was nicknamed "Taoist Mingshan"; Wu Zhen was nicknamed "Taoist Meihua"; Zhao Mengfu was nicknamed "Taoist Cedar".
After the Opium War , imperialist aggression and the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government caused national suffering and national crisis. Opposition to aggression and patriotism became the main theme at that time, so many people named themselves "Beijing" according to this tune. "Fei"; Huang Shao was nicknamed "the direct descendant of the Yellow Emperor"; Chen Tianhua was nicknamed "Si Huang"; Qiu Jin was nicknamed "Jingxiong", etc.
B. Strong lyrical color, such as:
< p> Zheng Sixiao, a native of the Song Dynasty, lived in seclusion in Suzhou after the death of the Song Dynasty, and named himself "Suonan" to show that he did not forget the Song Dynasty; He even learned farming from the old farmers" and named himself "Jia Xuan"; the patriotic poet Lu You was cynical and was ridiculed by the powerful for not observing etiquette, so he named himself "Fang Weng" to express his contempt for them; Ouyang Xiu in his later years The self-titled "Liu Yi Jushi" is based on ten thousand volumes of books, one thousand volumes of inscriptions, a harp, a game of chess, a jug of wine, and an old man himself, expressing the typical literati taste. Tang Bohu, a talented man in the Ming Dynasty, called himself "Liu Ru". According to his own words, "Liu Ru" means that life is like an illusion, like a dream, like a bubble, like a shadow, like dew, and like lightning. The poet Yang Wanli of the Southern Song Dynasty was nicknamed "Chengzhai" because Zhang Jun, the famous anti-Jin Dynasty general, once encouraged him with "righteousness and sincerity", and Emperor Guangzong personally wrote the word "Chengzhai" to him. In this way, "Chengzhai" not only expresses his expression. His "sincerity" in study also includes his "sincerity" to the country.C, profound meaning
Zhu Da, a painter in the late Ming Dynasty, lived in the late Ming Dynasty. When the Ming Dynasty died, he was nicknamed "Bada Shanren". The two characters "Bada" written in conjunction, seem to be crying but not crying, and seeming to be smiling but not smiling, expressing his sorrow and indignation of missing his motherland in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. After the fall of the Ming Dynasty, he wore Zhu Yi and lived in a cave. The Qing government invited him to Beijing several times to take the Bo Xue Hong Ci examination, but he refused and refused to cooperate with the Manchus. "Yi" appears to be red on the surface, but it is actually a symbol of the Ming Dynasty, because the emperor of the Ming Dynasty was named Zhu, and red means Ming, which embodies deep feelings for the Ming Dynasty. The poet Dai Fuxu of the Southern Song Dynasty called himself "Shipingshan native" , also contains a kind of spirit. It can be seen from the poem "Ganyu" written by him: "People will build a golden dock, and I will use stone as a screen." "Stone" is as hard as "gold"; although "stone" is not as expensive as "gold", it is simple, clumsy and magnificent. This is the portrayal of the author's personality and spirit. Zhang Yong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, called himself " "Guiyazi", in his own words: "Being good will go against the crowd, and cliffs will not bring good things. The name "Guiyazi" is a sign of virtue. "It can be seen that the nickname "Guaiyazi" embodies his character, ambition and integrity.
Ding, the use of specific nouns
The ancients often used some specific nouns when giving nicknames. Those who call "Mr." such as "Mr. Wuliu" (Tao Yuanming), "Mr. Fuli" (Lu Guimeng), "Mr. Donglai" (Lu Zuqian), "Mr. Longchuan" (Chen Liang), "Mr. Langu" ( Bai Pu); those called "Gong", such as "Shi Gong" (Yuan Hongdao), "Mei Gong" (Lu Jipu), "Ren Gong" (Liang Qichao), "Jian Gong' (Gao Xu); those called "Zi" , such as "Youyouzi" (Lu Zhaolin), "Zhi Feizi" (Sikong Tu), "Gui Laizi" (Chao Buzhi), "Lu Feizi" (Huang Jingren); "old man", such as "Shaoling" "Ye Lao" (Du Fu), "Old Quan" (Su Xun), "Old Man Qianyan" (Xiao Dezao), "Old Man Huanghua" (Wang Tingyun), "Old Man Xiyan" (Zhang Zhihan), "Old Man Suiyuan" (Yuan Mei) , "Yingbin Yi Lao" (Su Che), "Hunan Yi Lao" (Wang Ruoxu); "Weng", such as "Sangxuan Weng" (Lu Yu), "Drunkard Old Man" (Ouyang Xiu), "Fu Weng" (Huang Tingjian) ), "Fang Weng" (Lu You), "Li Weng" (Li Yu); those called "Sou", such as: "Zhengzhai Sou" (Guan Hanqing), "Qingchi Sou" (Lu Cai), "蝯 Sou" ( He Shaoji), "Mengsou" (Qian Qianyi); those called "foreign history", such as: "Haiyue foreign history" (Mi Fu), "Kuiji foreign history" (Wang Mian), "Qiu Ta foreign history" (Liang Chenyu) ; "(Luo Guanzhong), "Gu Qu Sanren" (Feng Menglong), "Qingdu Sanren" (Zhao Nanxing); those who are called "Yuhe Qiao", such as: "Yidong Fisherman" (Kang Hai), "Oudang Fisherman" "(Yan Shengsun), "Hubei Peach Blossom Fishing" (Gao Lian), "Yandang Mountain Woodcutter" (Chen Chenhu), "Baizi Mountain Woodcutter" (Ruan Dacheng), "Tianmu Mountain Woodcutter" (Zhang Wenhu).
② It is recognized by others. This kind of "nickname" is called "nickname" or "mixed number" or "humble number". It has a strong symbolic meaning and can not only enhance people's understanding of various types of names. The memory of a character is a supplement to the name, character, and nickname, and is often a reflection or reflection of the character's appearance and personality. The vivid nicknames of one hundred and eight generals in "Shui Lin Zhuan" have left a very deep impression on the readers. Unforgettable impressions. Nicknames such as Black Whirlwind Li Feng, Leopard Head Lin Chong, Green Faced Beast Yang Zhi, Flower Monk Lu Zhishen, Thunderbolt Fire Qin Ming, Winged Tiger Lei Heng, Desperate Saburo Shi Xiu, Langli Baitiao Zhang Shun, etc. are vivid and accurate. Describes the characters' personalities, specialties or physical characteristics.
Many "nicknames" and "nicknames" are given when joking with each other in real life, so they often contain sarcastic and derogatory connotations, such as Spring and Autumn. At that time, people in the Qin State called Baili Xi the "Five-Leaf Doctor" because after he fell to the Chu State, he was redeemed by Qin Mu Gong with five pieces of Heep (black ram) skins and became a doctor in the Qin State; during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, people called him Li Yifu's "laughing knife" was also nicknamed "Human Cat" because he acted softly on the outside and treacherous on the inside when he was prime minister; in the Song Dynasty, people gave Wang Gui the nickname "Prime Minister of Three Edicts" because he served as prime minister for more than ten years. In addition to taking orders, receiving orders, and delivering orders, they do nothing else.
In rural areas, the trend of giving nicknames is more popular, such as "Big Donkey", "Two Earthen Pots", and "Two Crock Pots". "Three yellow vegetables", "four pigeons", "eight dogs", "red dates" and "tao slaves". "Big Yali", "Jinpi Walnut", "Five Hemp Seeds", "Dry Food", "Erhu Apricot", "Sanbangcao", "Xianjia", "Baitu", "Huangmao", "Duck Board" "", "Unreliable" and other nicknames are very common. Of course, there are more tacky ones than this, so I won’t mention them here.
There are also some nicknames that do not contain derogatory connotations. For example, in the Song Dynasty, people called Song Qi the "Red Apricot Shangshu" because he wrote the poem "The Spring Blossoms on the Red Apricot Branches"; the Tang Dynasty poet Wen Tingyun He was quick in writing and his eight-pointed rhyme formed an eight-pointed rhyme, so people called him "Wen Eight-pointed"; the great poet Li Bai was posthumously talented and his writing was perfect, so people called him "Li Banxian". This is also the case in modern times. The poet Li Ji nicknamed Bing Xin "Taijun She", reflecting the lofty prestige of this grandmother in the literary world. This "nickname" is elegant but not vulgar.
The above is about "alias".
8. Fujue and Diwang:
In interpersonal communication, in addition to calling people by name, surname, and nickname, they should also be called "Guanjue" and "Diwang". The ancients believed that this was the best way to show respect.
Such as "official title":
Du Gongbu, Du Shiyi (Du Fu) Wang Youcheng (Wang Wei)
Cai Zhonglang (Cai Yong) Sanlu Doctor (Qu Yuan)
< p> Jia Taifu (Jia Yi) Zhang Yangong (Zhang Yue)Gao Changshi (Gao Shi) Zhang Cibu (Zhang Ji)
Qian Kaogong (Qian Qi) Zhang Siye (Zhang Ji) )
Such as "Diwang":
Du Shaoling (Du Fu) Han Changli (Han Yu)
Liu Hedong (Liu Zongyuan) Kong Beihai (Kong Rong) < /p>
Cen Jiazhou (Cen Shen) Bai Xiangshan (Bai Juyi)
Wang Jiangning (Wang Changling) Jia Changjiang (Jia Dao)
Wei Suzhou (Wei Yingwu) Liu Suizhou (Liu Changqing)
In this way, "Guanjue" and "Diwang" have become another nickname besides the name, character and title.
9. Rare numerical names:
In ancient my country, some people used numbers as their names. Although the number was not large, they were encountered in ancient books, so here we need Mention it, bring it to our attention. There are three situations where numbers are used as names:
a. The surname is numerical, such as:
Yishan: A native of Dingzhou, Hebei during the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, he once served as the magistrate of Haoming County.
Erzhi: During the Kaiyuan period of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he served as lieutenant in the palace.
March 8: In the Yuan Dynasty, he was appointed Youcheng of Yunnan Province.
Wuliang: A native of Annan, he served as an admonishment official in the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms.
Qixixian: A native of Shizhou Wei, he served as a tutor in Yongchun County during the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty.
Batong: During the Zhengde period of the Ming Dynasty, he served as the director of the Ministry of Rites.
Jiujia: A native of Xiajin in the Tang Dynasty, he served as a Hanlin scholar during the reign of Emperor Gaozu Wude.
Shihua: Jinshi during the Qianxing period of the Song Dynasty.
b. The names are numbers, such as:
Qin Qi: Qin Shaoyou
Huang Ba: Huang Tingjian
Liu Ba: Liu Zongyuan
Yuan Jiu: Yuan Town
Cui Jiu: Cui Xingzong
Li Shiyi: Li Gouzhi
Zhang Twelve: Zhang Jia
Li Twelve: Li Bai
Han Shiba: Han Yu
Li Shiba: Li Shen
Bai Shiba: Bai Juyi
c. The surname and first name are both numbers, such as:
6.17: A native of the Qing Dynasty, the author of "The Poetry of Traveling to Foreign Countries" and "Miscellaneous Odes of Taiyang".
July 11: Jinshi during the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty, author of "Historical Records of the Western Regions".
August 16: General named during the Qianlong period.
September 10th: During the Jiaqing period, he became the admiral of Guangxi.
Using numbers as names became a trend in the Tang Dynasty. During the Qing Dynasty, the Manchus preferred this way of naming. According to incomplete statistics, there were 110 numerals written into official history books during the Qianlong period alone, and the folk names were not included among them. Such as sixty-seven, seventy-five, eighty-six, etc. So what are these numerical names based on? Most of the time, when a child is born, the child's name is based on the age of his grandparents or the sum of his parents' ages.
In the Tang Dynasty, those numerical names represented the ranking between brothers with the same grandparents or the same great-grandparents.