The Chuanguo Jade Seal, also known as the Chuanguo Seal, is a jade seal passed down by emperors after the Qin Dynasty. It was made by Qin Shihuang. It is four inches in diameter, has five dragons on it, and is engraved with the seal script written by Li Si on the front. Longevity and longevity." It is said that the national seal has been running through Chinese history for more than 1,500 years, appearing and disappearing. After the Qin Dynasty, emperors of all dynasties fought to get the seal as a symbol. It is indeed a treasure passed down by the world and an important weapon of the country.
When talking about the national seal, Heshi Bi must be mentioned.
In the Spring and Autumn Period, Bian He, a native of Chu, found a jade in the mountains and presented it to King Li. The king sent a jade worker to identify it and said it was a stone. Bian and his left foot were cut off for the crime of deceiving the king. Later, when King Wu came to the throne, Bian He offered jade again, but still had his right foot amputated for the crime of deceiving the king. When King Wen came to the throne, Bian He held Yu and cried at the foot of Jingshan Mountain. King Wen sent someone to ask him, and he said: "I am not grieving for my husband's jade, so I named it a stone, and a chaste man called it a lie." King Wen sent someone to cut open the jade, and the result was a jade, so it was called He's Bi. (King Wen of Chu 690 B.C. - 675 B.C.) During the reign of King Wei of Chu, Prime Minister Zhaoyang was successful in destroying Yue. King Wei rewarded him with the Heshi Bi. Soon, Zhaoyang was having a banquet with guests admiring the wall by the water abyss. At that time, someone noticed that there was a big fish in the abyss. Everyone left the room and went to the abyss. After returning to the banquet, they found that the Heshi Bi was missing. They suspected that it had been stolen by Zhang Yi, a disciple of the family. Zhang Yi was arrested and interrogated. To no avail. Zhang Yi was so angry that he left Chu and entered Wei and then Qin. For ten years, Qin Huiwen became the prime minister of Qin. He persuaded other countries to obey Qin and sent envoys to Chu to disintegrate the Qi-Chu alliance. Later, Chu was defeated and Qin took the land between Chu and Han.
During the Warring States Period, King Zhao Huiwen obtained Chuhe's Bi. King Qin Zhao "left a suicide note to King Zhao, willing to offer fifteen cities to Yi Bi." At that time, Qin was strong and Zhao was weak, and King Zhao was afraid that he would not get it if he gave it to Bi. When he arrived at the city, Lin Xiangru volunteered to go by the wall. When he arrived at the Qin State, after he presented the wall, he saw that the King of Qin had no intention of repaying the city, so the court fought hard to retrieve the original wall and send it back to the State of Zhao.
In 228 BC, King Qin Yingzheng defeated Zhao and obtained the Heshi Bi.
Ying Zheng unified the world and was called the First Emperor. Li Si's seal script was written with eight characters: "If you are ordered by heaven, you will live forever". Sunshou, the king of jade workers in Xianyang, polished the He family's jade and carved it into a seal. This is the imperial seal.
In October 207 BC, Liu Bang led his army to Bashang. Prince Ying of Qin knelt on the Xianyang Road holding the seal. Qin was destroyed, and it was said that the seal belonged to Liu Han.
At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, a relative of the family, usurped power. At that time, his son Liu Ying was still young, so the seal was hidden in the Empress Dowager's residence in Changle Palace. Wang Mang sent someone to ask for it, but the Empress Dowager cursed the visitor and had no choice but to throw the seal to the ground, breaking a corner. Wang Mang ordered the craftsmen to replace it with gold.
After Wang Mang was defeated and killed, Gongbin, the captain of the imperial guard army, received the imperial seal and rushed to Wan to present it to Liu Xuan, the emperor of the Liu Han Dynasty.
In 25 AD, the Red Eyebrow Army killed Liu Xuan and established Liu Penzi. Later, Liu Penzi defeated Yiyang and handed over the imperial seal to Liu Xiu.
In the late Eastern Han Dynasty, eunuchs had exclusive power. In the sixth year of Xiping reign of Emperor Ling, Yuan Shao entered the palace to kill the eunuchs. Duan? He fled with the emperor and Yuxi disappeared.
Dong Zhuo rebelled during the reign of Emperor Xian. Sun Jian led his army into Luoyang. The soldiers saw a well in the palace with colorful clouds in the morning, so they sent people into the well to pass on the national seal. Sun Jian secretly hid the seal with his wife Wu. Later Yuan Shu arrested Sun Jian's wife and seized the seal. After Yuan Shu died, Jingzhou governor Xu? When he brought the seal to Xuchang, Cao Cao brought the Han emperor to Xuchang. At this point, the imperial seal passed on to the Han Dynasty.
In 220 AD, Cao Pi usurped power and forced Emperor Xian to abdicate, and the Han Dynasty fell. Cao Pi ordered someone to carve the official character "The Great Wei received the Han Dynasty Seal" on the shoulder of the Chuanguo Xi.
In 265 AD, Sima Yan also usurped power, proclaimed himself Emperor Wu of Jin, and passed the imperial seal to Jin.
In 311 AD, Liu Cong of the former Zhao Dynasty captured Sima Chi, Emperor Huai of Jin Dynasty, and returned his seal to the former Zhao Dynasty.
In 329 AD, Later Zhao Shile destroyed the former Zhao, obtained the seal, and added "Destiny Shishi" on the right side.
In 350 AD, Ran Wei begged for rescue from the Eastern Jin army. The imperial seal was tricked by the Jin generals and sent to the capital Jiankang (Nanjing) overnight with 300 elite cavalry. In this way, , it was passed that the national seal returned to the Sima family of the Jin Dynasty.
In the Southern Dynasties, the imperial seal passed through the Song, Qi, Liang and Chen Dynasties.
The Sui Dynasty unified China, and the imperial seal entered the Sui Palace.
In March 618 AD, Emperor Yang Guang of the Sui Dynasty was killed in Jiangdu, Yangzhou, and the Sui Dynasty died. Empress Xiao took Prince Yuande and fled to the Mobei Turks with the imperial seal.
At the beginning of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong Li Shimin carved several jade seals such as "Ming Bao" and "Dingming Bao" to comfort himself because he did not pass on the national seal.
In the fourth year of Zhenguan, Li Jing led his army to attack the Turks. In the same year, Empress Xiao suddenly returned to the Central Plains with Prince Yuande, and the imperial seal was passed down to Li Tang.
At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the world was in chaos. In 907 AD, Zhu Quanzhong deposed Emperor Ai of the Tang Dynasty, seized the imperial seal, and built the Later Liang Dynasty.
In 923 AD, Li Cun? After the destruction of the Later Liang Dynasty, the Later Tang Dynasty was established, and the imperial seal also came to the Later Tang Dynasty.
In 936 AD, Shi Jingtang led the Khitan army to attack Luoyang. The last emperor, Li Congke, Huai Chuan's national seal climbed to the Xuanwu Tower and burned himself. The Chuan's national seal disappeared.
When Guo Wei, Taizu of the Later Zhou Dynasty, searched everywhere for the imperial seal, he had no choice but to engrave two seals including "Emperor's Divine Treasure" and passed it on to the Northern Song Dynasty.
During the reign of Emperor Zhezong of the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 1085-AD 1100), farmer Duan Yi found the imperial seal while plowing his land and sent it to the imperial court. After many discussions and based on the relics of the previous dynasty, academicians from various ministries and cabinets finally confirmed that it was the imperial seal made by the First Emperor.
The most boring thing is Song Huizong, who claimed to be the Daojun Emperor. He carved ten seals at once, each with its own use.
In 1126 AD, after the Jingkang Rebellion, the two emperors of Huiqin were plundered, and the Chuanguo Seal was also plundered by the Kingdom of Jin, and was later missing.
In 1294 AD, Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, died. The imperial seal suddenly appeared in Dadu and was hawked in the market. Boyan ordered someone to buy it. It was also this Boyan who polished the seals collected by the Yuan Dynasty from various countries and distributed them to princes, princes and ministers to engrave personal seals. It's a pity that in 1368 AD, Zhu Yuanzhang proclaimed himself emperor in Jiankang and established the Ming Dynasty. The Mongol court fled to the Mongolian grasslands.
At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Taizu of the Ming Dynasty sent Xu Da to Mobei to pursue the fleeing Mongolian court in the hope of obtaining the Chuanguo Seal. This is the last record of the Chuanguo Seal in history. In the end, he failed empty-handed. return. According to legend, when Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City, people were still searching.
At this point, the Chuangguo Seal, which has gone through ups and downs for more than 1,500 years, has been lost in the long river of history.