Northern Wilderness
This is the hometown of ice and snow. It belongs to the cold temperate continental monsoon climate zone. The violent Siberian cold current has been swirling here for a long time. Therefore, the winter in Northern Wilderness is long, cold and dry. The average annual temperature drops from 2.6 degrees Celsius to minus 3.5 degrees Celsius from south to north, and the extreme minimum temperature reaches minus 40 degrees Celsius!
Indeed, cold was the primary enemy the pioneers faced.
Beidahuang has complex natural landforms.
To the north is the extraordinary Xiaoxing'anling area. There are vast mountains, gentle hills, and wide valleys. This place is on the edge of the wind and is under the rule of frost for two-thirds of the year, with the permafrost layer being up to 2.5 meters thick. To its west is the Songnen Plain Area, where the Nen River flows thousands of miles south from the Yilhuli Mountains and merges with the Songhua River to erode, making the terrain here flat and the dreamlike vast expanse of prairie. To the east is the Sanjiang Plain area. The average altitude is only 54 meters, and the slope is 1/10,000, forming a rare flat terrain, forming a large area of ??low-humid swampland with unpredictable floating hills, hence the magical legend of "Ghost Swamp".
Beidahuang is a frontier fortress.
It faces Russia across the river from the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang River to the east and north. In the area, there are large rivers blocking and countless streams and streams cutting; there are ice and snow cutting off roads, Jingchai roads are blocked; there are poisonous insects and swarms of beasts; there are also horrifying local epidemics, such as "hemorrhagic fever" and "grams". "Mountain disease" and other rampant rampages made the historical Northern Wilderness extremely dangerous in legends. At that time, the famous writer Nie Gannu was sent to this place. When he saw this scene, he couldn't help but sing:
The beauty is hidden on the top of the dangerous peak.
Treasures must be hidden in difficult and dangerous places.
Beidahuang is a treasure land of the motherland.
This is one of the three largest black soil belts in the world. The soil is fertile, and the organic matter content is mostly between 5% and 8%, and in some areas it is as high as 10% or more. There are abundant water conservancy resources here, with rivers crisscrossing the surface, considerable underground reserves, and abundant atmospheric precipitation, which are extremely suitable for agricultural development; there are precious mineral resources, including coal, iron, copper, gold, and oil; and there are extremely rich wild animals. Plant resources include tigers, bears, deer, and deer in the mountains and forests; red-crowned cranes and swans in the swamps; catfish, sturgeons, salmon, and white fish in rivers and lakes. They are all aquatic treasures, including ginseng, monkey heads, and fungus. , mushrooms are also precious mountain treasures... No wonder people in the past dynasties were not afraid of dangers and difficulties, and rushed to embark on the pioneering road with almost no return, leaving a mark for future generations that can be remembered.
It turns out that the Great Northern Wilderness is not an eternal wasteland. During the Xia and Zhou dynasties, the Sushen people, the ancestors of the Manchu people, had frequent exchanges with the Central Plains; after the Warring States period, the Yilou people here submitted to the Qin and Han Dynasties and paid tribute every year; during the Tang and Five Dynasties, the Bohai Kingdom wrote more than 200 years of history here The prosperous history was finally strangled by the Khitan;
The fierce Jurchens rose up in the Ash River Basin and established a powerful Jin Dynasty, destroying the Liao and Northern Song Dynasty in one fell swoop. Hundreds of developed cities appeared here. Towns; Genghis Khan's brave cavalry broke through the trenches of thousands of miles of Jinjie and swept across the Black Water, destroying most of the towns in the flames of war; during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, farming was done here, but it was only a flash in the pan;
During the Qing Dynasty, a large number of Manchu people "entered the pass from the dragon", and the border was empty, which allowed Tsarist Russian forces to take advantage of the situation. Cossack bandits killed people, set fires, and plundered property everywhere. The border was deserted for thousands of miles; in the 7th year of Kangxi (1668), the stupid In order to consolidate the "Longxing Land" of their ancestors, the Qing Dynasty ordered the abolition of land reclamation and implemented a 200-year "forbidden" policy, strictly prohibiting Han people from entering the Northeast. As a result, on the one hand, the ethnic minorities with extremely limited population here were isolated from the outside world for a long time, resulting in poverty and backwardness. On the other hand, the border defense was weak. Later, they had to cede large areas of land to their powerful neighbors;
China During the Republic of China, bureaucrats, warlords, and wealthy gentry rushed to cultivate land, monopolized the land, and took advantage of the opportunity to make a fortune. However, the cultivated area was extremely limited;
After the "September 18th" Incident, the Japanese invaders accelerated colonial rule , carried out armed immigration to the Sino-Soviet border area, concocted a huge plan to immigrate one million households and five million people within 20 years, and used forceful expulsion and armed plunder to occupy a large amount of cultivated land in Heilongjiang, but the development of the hinterland of the Northern Wilderness , but suffered successive defeats, and many members of the pioneer group were buried in the swamp.
By 1945, the total number of Japanese pioneering groups reached 1,131, and 300,000 people immigrated to the Hulin and Mishan areas. The Japanese invaders requisitioned a large number of laborers to build railways, highways and military fortresses, and tens of thousands of laborers died; during the development of Chahayang Nomin During the river water diversion project, the Japanese invaders requisitioned 150,000 Chinese laborers, 50,000 of whom were tortured to death. Until the eve of Japan's surrender, members of its pioneering group either fled in embarrassment, committed suicide in the wilderness collectively, burned down their houses, destroyed machinery and water conservancy projects, and left large tracts of land barren.