drilling equipment refers to mechanical equipment and devices directly applied in drilling construction, or ground equipment and devices during drilling construction. As the name implies, drilling equipment is the equipment used for drilling.
broadly speaking, it includes complete sets of ground equipment, special drilling tools and drilling instruments used for drilling. According to the function, it is divided into rotation, lifting, circulation, power and transmission, control and other systems.
ii. drilling equipment consists of several parts
drilling construction equipment includes drilling rig, mud pump, power machine, drilling tower and auxiliary machines (such as pipe screwing machine, electric workbench and mud mixer). In the production department, people often refer to the drilling rig, mud pump and drilling tower necessary for drilling engineering as "three big pieces".
1. The drilling rig
is the main equipment for drilling. In the process of drilling production, it is responsible for rotating drilling tools, feeding, increasing and decreasing pressure, lifting and unscrewing drilling tools. All rotary drilling rigs are generally composed of the following basic components.
(1) The gyrator
is used to rotate the drilling tool and drive the drill bit for drilling and cutting. The existing types of gyrators can be divided into: vertical shaft type, rotary disc type and power head type.
(2) The feeding mechanism
is used to control the pressure of the drill bit and transmit an appropriate axial load to the drill bit through the drilling tool to achieve the purpose of drilling. The existing types are divided into: screw differential feed, rope feed and oil pressure feed.
(3) Lifting mechanism
is used to lift drilling tools, and the lifting and lowering speed can be changed with the change of drilling tool quality, so as to make full use of power and shorten the auxiliary drilling time. The common type is planetary. The full hydraulic power head drilling rig is lifted by double speed mechanism.
(4) Transmission speed change mechanism
is used to change speed and torque, and transmit power to the feeding and lifting mechanism. The commonly used type is gear transmission. Full hydraulic power head drilling rig can realize hydraulic stepless speed change.
2. Auxiliary equipment
Among the drilling construction equipment, other equipment except the drilling rig, such as mud pump, drilling tower, power machine, air compressor, generator and electric welding machine, are called drilling construction auxiliary equipment. Among them, the function of mud pump is to deliver flushing fluid to the hole to clean the hole bottom, cool the drill bit and lubricate the drilling tool. When using hydraulic percussion drilling tools, the mud pump is still an energy device. The main function of drilling tower is to lift drilling tools.
In addition, the downhole power machines used in drilling, such as turbine drills, downhole electric drills and screw drills, belong to the content of drilling technology and are also auxiliary equipment for drilling.