During the Jianlong period of the Northern Song Dynasty, Shamen Island (now Temple Island) was the place where the court imprisoned prisoners. Since the Jianlong period of three years, all soldiers who broke the law have been assigned to Shamen Island. Year after year, there are more and more prisoners on the island. However, the imperial court only allocated food rations to 3 people in the whole island every year, so the food was getting insufficient. Later, Li Qing, the guard leader of Shaman Island, thought of a vicious method: when there were more than 3 prisoners, some of them were bound by their hands and feet and drowned in the sea, so that the number of prisoners on the island was always within 3. In this way, more than 7 people were killed in two years. In order to survive, prisoners often jumped into the sea to escape, but most of them were swallowed up by the raging waves. At one time, more than 5 prisoners were killed. About 3 miles from Shamen Island to Penglai, most prisoners were exhausted and drowned in the water, only eight good swimmers with martial arts and strong physique were left, who swam to the shore by the current and hid in the lion cave under the Danya Mountain in the north of Penglai. The next day, fishermen found them. When they heard that eight people had traveled across the sea from Salmon Island, they were all very surprised. They called them "gods", and the story spread among the people, and they were called "Eight Immortals" and evolved into the story of "Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea" today.
1. Li Tieguai, also known as Tie Guai Li, is said to be surnamed Li, named Xuan, and also called Li Ningyang, Li Hongshui and Li Kongmu. Lu Xun's A Brief History of Chinese Novels says that his surname is Li and his name is Xuan. Zhao Yi's "Yu Cong Kao" also said that his surname was Liu. The year of birth and death is about 418-326 BC. Jin Kun, a native of Pakistan (now Lijiaba, Shimen Town, jiangjin district, Chongqing), there are still relics such as the view of drug king and the Temple of Guaili in Lijiaba today. According to folklore, he was originally very burly and handsome. Practice in Dangshan Cave. I once met the fairy society of the old gentleman in Taishang, and when I was wandering, my body was mistakenly cremated as a disciple, and my wandering soul had no place to return. It started with the body of a starving person. Pengshou dirty face, bare belly lame, and water spray on the bamboo stick, turned into an iron stick, so it is called "Tie Guai Li".
According to folk historical materials, he was famous in Pakistan for his talent and intelligence when he was young. Li Er (Tai Shang Lao Jun) rode a bull cloud to visit Pakistan, and he had the opportunity to know Li Xuan as a child. Seeing his extraordinary contribution, the king of Pakistan repeatedly invited Li Xuan to be an official, but he refused. In 316 BC, Pakistan was destroyed by King Qin Huiwen. At that time, there were years of wars, and the people were in poverty, starving everywhere, and suffered from the collapse of the country. After becoming an immortal, Tie Guai Li specialized in pharmacology, and refined ointment for treating rheumatism and bone pain, which saved all sentient beings in Enze village and won the support of the people and was named "King of Medicine".
2. Han Zhongli, whose original surname was Zhong Li, whose name was Quan, was later renamed Jue, a native of Yantai, whose name was Ji Dao,No. He Guzi, andNo. Zhengyangzi. According to legend, when it was born, it was like a fire. Because of Tie Guai Li's enlightenment, he went up the mountain to learn Taoism. After going down the mountain, he flew swords to cut tigers and gave money to help the people. Finally, he ascended to heaven on the same day with his brother Jane and went to Lv Dongbin. The prototype of his characters appeared in the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty. His deeds are recorded in books such as Chronicle of Xuanhe, Yi Jian Zhi, History of Song Dynasty, etc. It was only later that he was mistaken for the separation of Han Zhong and was attached to the Han Dynasty. Books such as A Mirror of Immortals in Past Dynasties and A General Examination of Continued Documents say that Zhong Liquan, with a compound surname of Zhong Li, is called Yunfangzi and Zhengyangzi. A native of Xianyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty, his father Zhong Lizhang was a general in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and his brother Zhong Lijian was a corps commander, who later became an immortal. In the Tang Dynasty, there was indeed a man named Zhong Liquan. His three quatrains were recorded in The Whole Tang Poetry, with a biography saying: "Xianyang people, when they met the old man, were given fairy tricks, and when they met Huayang real people, they went to Wang Xuanfu, the immortal, and preached into Kongtong Mountain. They were named Mr. Yunfang, and then they went to the immortal." His poems left in the world are entitled "Three Poems on Avoiding Chang 'an Wine Restaurant", including "Always take a pot of wine when sitting and lying down, and don't teach your eyes to know the imperial capital", "It's not easy to get the truth, and when you will return, you will be willing to follow it" and so on, and there is quite some "fairy flavor", so you should be a good man.
The legend about his birth is very vivid. It is said that one day, a giant strode into his mother's inner room and loudly said, "I'm Huang Shenshi in ancient times, and I'm here as a child care worker." Suddenly, I saw different lights burning like fire, and then Han Zhong was born. When he was born, he was as big as a 3-year-old child. He was born with a lucky face, a round forehead, thick ears and long eyebrows, a big mouth and cheeks, a long lips and round arms. What is even more strange is that he is silent day and night, does not cry or eat. Until the seventh day, he suddenly said a word: "I am traveling in Zifu, and my name is Yujing." This sentence alarmed his parents. Because Zifu and Yujing are the Miyagi of the Jade Emperor in the sky, they thought he was reincarnated as a fairy, and their parents wanted him to grow up and take more power, so they named him "Quan". It is said that when Zhong Li grew up, he served as a doctor of advice in the imperial court, and was later called to go to Tibet, defeated, and lived in seclusion in Zhongnanshan. When I met Wang Xuanfu, the Emperor of Donghua, I got the true formula of longevity, then the fire and the dragon swordsmanship. Later, I met a real person in Huayang, and taught him the way of Taiyi Jiugui, Huofu Jindan, and Dongxiao Xuanxuan. Finally, he got the secret of the jade box in the Forbidden Four-Hao Peak in Kongtong Mountain and became an immortal. Legend has it that he transformed Lv Dongbin in the Tang Dynasty and was one of the five northern ancestors of Taoism.
3. Lv Dongbin, namely Lv Yan, whose name is Dong Bin and whose name is Chun Yoko. The myths and legends about him probably originated in Yuezhou area in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are many stories reflected in novels and operas.
Lv Dongbin was born in Puzhou River Zhongfu (now Yongle Town, Ruicheng, Shanxi). Formerly known as Lu Xie ("Xie" or "Yan"), the word Dong Bin, with the word line and the road number Chun Yoko, was nicknamed Back to the People. Lv Dongbin, the founder of Quanzhen Taoism, the mainstream of Taoism in the world, is a famous immortal in China legend and one of the Eight Immortals of Taoism. Whether in Taoism or in folk beliefs, it has an extremely important position. His poems are collected in All Tang Poems and Ci Synopsis. In Song Dynasty, Luo Dajing's "He Lin Yu Lu", Hong Mai's "Yi Jian Zhi" and "Ji Xian Zhuan" all recorded it. Tang Xiantong was in the middle and served as a county magistrate twice. It is said that he is a native of Jiujiang, originally an imperial clan of the Tang Dynasty, surnamed Li, but he changed his surname to Lu to avoid the disaster of Wu Hou. He started out as Shao Guang, who had been in the imperial examination field for more than 2 years, so he went on a tour around the world and was enlightened by Zhong Liquan. He is one of the Eight Immortals with the strongest human feelings. He is handsome and funny, and he is good at eliminating violence and evil spirits for the people. He is also good at drinking and lusting. There is a legend of "Lu Dongbin's Three Plays of Bai Mudan" circulating in the world. His legends are numerous and miscellaneous, but we can also see that he was originally a scholar who longed for Taoism in the Tang Dynasty and was later deified as an immortal. Up to now, the Lvzu Temple in Yuanjiashan, built by Yuan Keli, a senior minister of the Ming Ministry of War, is still preserved in Sui County, Henan Province.
4. He Xiangu, formerly known as He Xiugu, is said to have been born in the period of Wu Zetian in the Tang Dynasty. When she was born, Ziyun circled the room, and there were six bright lights on her head. Smart and agile since childhood, intelligent and extraordinary. When she was 15 years old, she dreamed that God taught her to eat mica powder, so she was as light as a fly, traveling between the top of the mountain, going out every morning, and picking berries at night to honor her mother. Later, when Wu Zetian heard about it, she sent messengers to invite her, but she didn't know the direction halfway. Some people said that she was flying in Tang Zhongzong on the eighth day of August. There is also a saying that when He Xiangu entered the mountain at the age of 13, he met a fairy named Lv Dongbin and Lv Ci, and after eating it, he was not hungry, and he could predict the fortunes, which was quite effective. People in the village regarded it as a god and built a building for them to live in. Later, Lv Dongbin became an immortal.
He Xiangu is the only woman among the Eight Immortals, and there are different opinions about her life experience. She was from the Tang Dynasty. At the beginning of Song Dynasty, Guang Yi Ji was quoted by Tai Ping Guang Ji as "He Erniang". She was a peasant woman who knitted shoes. Later, because her home was too stuffy, she swam in Luofu Mountain, stayed in a mountain temple and often collected mountain fruits for monks to eat in. Once, a monk from Xunzhou Mountain Temple, 4 miles away, came to Luofu Mountain Temple and said that a fairy had gone to there to pick bayberry fruit one day. It was verified that that day was the day when Ernian picked the fruit. In addition, everyone did not know where Ernian picked these many mountain fruits, so she thought that Ernian was the fairy who picked the fruit in Xunzhou Mountain Temple. Since then, Ernian has become famous far and wide, and she no longer lives in the mountain temple. "Continuation Examination" said that He Xiangu was born in Zengcheng County, Guangdong Province when Tang Wuze was born. He was born with six beams of light on his head, and was born with a "fairy family". When he was thirteen years old, he met a Taoist in the mountains and ate a peach. From then on, he was not hungry or thirsty, and he was as light as a fly, and he could foresee the fortunes of life. Later, she was called to Beijing and left on the way. She was from the Song Dynasty. Some scholars' notes in the Song Dynasty often refer to her as a native of Yongzhou (Lingling) in the Northern Song Dynasty. Some people say that she met strangers when she was young, and she was immortalized by eating peaches. It is said that she grazed in the countryside, met strangers to give dates, and became immortal after eating them. The notes of the Song Dynasty also recorded some deeds of He Xiangu in divining for others and predicting fortunes. At that time, scholars and curious people rushed to other places for divination.
5. Lan Caihe was a recluse in the Tang Dynasty. The story was first seen in Shen Fen's Biography of Immortals in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Xu Mingjie, whose name is Botong, was one of the Eight Immortals in China's folk and Taoist legends (615-76). He was born in Shilongmen, an ancient town in Tanghe, and he was born in Fengyang, Anhui. Lan Caihe, a drama in the Yuan Dynasty, said that his surname was Xu Mingjie. Lan Caihe is his musical name.
Shen Fen's Biography of Immortals in the Southern Tang Dynasty, Tai Ping Guang Ji in the Early Song Dynasty and Lu You's Book of Southern Tang Dynasty all contain his deeds. He was from the late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties. His behavior is eccentric, he likes to drink and sing. He usually wears a broken blue shirt, one foot wears boots and the other is barefoot. What is even more unnatural is that he wears cotton-padded clothes in summer, but he lies in the snow in winter and is steaming all over (Continued Fairy Tale). At ordinary times, he holds a big clapper more than three feet, while playing bamboo boards, while walking along the streets and begging. He sings a lot of songs, most of which are born by touching the scenery, which not only makes the world feel unfathomable, but also has a fairy meaning. He is crazy. When someone gives him money, he mostly gives it to the poor. Lan Caihe has no fixed place and is at home all over the world. He was seen in childhood and old age, and his appearance remains the same. Later, when he was drunk in Haoliang Restaurant, there was the sound of clouds and cranes playing flute. Suddenly, he rose into the clouds, threw down his boots and belt, and left Ran Ran.
6. Zhang Guolao, also known as Zhang Guo. Originally a Taoist priest in the Tang Dynasty, it is said that he lived in seclusion in Tiaoshan, Hengzhou, and Tang Wuze claimed to be hundreds of years old. When Wu Hou called him out of the mountain, he pretended to be dead. I often ride a white donkey upside down and travel to Wan Li every day.
Zhang Guo actually existed in history, and it was recorded as "xing zhou Guangzong Renye" in Zhang Guo, the immortal of Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty (now a native of Zhangguzhai Village, Guangzong County, Hebei Province) in the Kaiyuan period of Tang Dynasty. The old and new books of Tang Dynasty were circulated. When Wu Zetian lived in seclusion in Zhongtiaoshan, everyone said that he had the secret of immortality. He claimed to be hundreds of years old, and Wu Zetian once. In the 21st year of the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Wei Ji, the secretariat of Hengzhou, played his anecdote to the emperor. Xuanzong called him, and Zhang Guo pretended to be dead again. It took him a long time to wake up, so the messenger did not dare to advance. Xuanzong heard about it and sent Xu Jiao to invite him again. Zhang Guo had to go to Beijing. Good at magic, he often lives in seclusion in Zhongtiao Mountain in Hengzhou, and travels between Fenjin and China. According to folklore, he lived for hundreds of years, so people respectfully call him Zhang Guolao. It is said that when Emperor Taizong and Tang Gaozong knew about it, they sent messengers to summon him to the palace, but he didn't want to go. In the period of Wu Zetian, he had to be called out of the mountain and pretended to die halfway. In the period of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzong sent messengers to finally invite him to the palace, and named him "Dr. Yin Qingguang Lu" and "Mr. Tong Xuan". Later, Xuanzong was ready to betrothed his daughter to him. He sang, "My daughter-in-law got a princess, and she was born in a flat land, which was gratifying to people, but awesome to me." In the end, I didn't agree to this marriage. I resigned and returned to the mountain. I walked halfway and died in Puwu County, Hengshan Mountain. Disciple said that he became immortal, and Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty ordered the establishment of Qixia Temple in the local area as a sacrifice.
It is said that Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was suspicious of his rumors. He once asked Xing Hepu, who was good at calculating the good and evil of premature death, to tell Zhang's fortune. Xing was ignorant of Zhang's jiazi, and a teacher was good at seeing ghosts. Xuanzong asked him to see Zhang Guo, but he asked, "Where is Zhang Guo?" I cann't see it across the street "Tai Ping Guang Ji" also records that Zhang Guolao claimed to be a Yao Emperor. When Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty asked the warlock "Ye Fashan" Zhang about his origin, Ye Fashan said, "I dare not say it, but I will die if I say it." After saying: "Zhang Guo is a white bat essence at the beginning of chaos." He fell to the ground and died. After Xuanzong interceded, Zhang Guo saved him.
7. Han Xiangzi, whose name is Xiang and whose name is Qingfu, is said to be the nephew of Han Yu. According to legend, Han Xiang studied Taoism at an early age, followed Lv Chunyang, and later died in a peach tree and died in a corpse.
It is said that he was the nephew of Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty, whose real name was Han Xiang. Its image is a handsome boy holding a flute. Legend has it that the Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty appeased a daughter named Lingling, who was both talented and beautiful. Has been betrothed to Han Xiang. However, Emperor Han wanted to marry her to the emperor and nephew, to appease her and resolutely disagreed. Emperor Han was furious and sent Han Xiang away from office. Lingling died of grief, and Han Xiang was incarnated as a white crane, which was inspired by Zhong Liquan and Lv Dongbin, and was incarnated as the son of Han Hui in Changli County, with the birth name of Xiangzi, who lost his father at an early age and was raised by his uncle Han Yu. When I grew up, I was taught the art of practice by Zhong and Lu Erxian. Han Yu strongly objected and reprimanded him. Therefore, Han Xiangzi became a monk and lived in seclusion in Zhongnanshan Monastery, which led to a positive result and was listed among the Eight Immortals. Later, Han Xiangzi repeatedly transfigured his uncle Han Yu, but Han Yu didn't realize it many times. Later, Han Yu was demoted to Chaoyang, passing through Languan, where the snow held back and was frozen in the snow. Xiangzi came to the rescue and gave directions. Han Yu finally realized that he also became an immortal.
8. Cao Guojiu, surnamed Cao, was born in Xuzhou. Song Renzong Cao's younger brother, so he is called the prince's maternal uncle. Because his younger brother Jing Zhi was guilty of unlawful murder, Cao Jing retired from shame and lived in seclusion in the mountains and rocks, dressed in wild clothes, and determined to fix the truth. After the transformation of Zhong Liquan and Lv Dongbin, Cao Guojiu achieved a true secret and achieved monasticism, and was introduced to Xianban by Zhong Liquan and Lv Dongbin. Among the Eight Immortals, his deeds are the least and his origin is the latest.
The story of his life is similar, and they are all related to Empress Cao in Song Renzong. There is a legend in the History of Song Dynasty, Cao Shu, the word Gongbo, the grandson of Cao Bin, and the younger brother of Cao Queen. He was gentle and easy-going, familiar with temperament, and loved to write poems. He was crowned king of Jiyang County, and his life was smooth and smooth, and he died at the age of 72. As the Fairy Mirror says, Cao Guojiu is pure and kind by nature, and doesn't like wealth, but he yearns for the immortal way, while his younger brother is arrogant and illegal, relying on the situation to act recklessly. Cao Guojiu was deeply ashamed of his evil deeds, so he went into the mountains to practice, and when he met Zhong Liquan and Lv Dongbin, he was accepted as a disciple, and Cao Guojiu soon became a immortal way. Cao Guojiu described in Journey to the East is similar to the above.