Lu Opera, also known as "masquerade dulcimer" and "qin opera", is popular in Shandong, parts of Jiangsu and Anhui. It originated in the Yellow River Delta north of Shandong and evolved from Shandong Qinshu. It has been 100 years old history. Dongying City, Shandong Province is the birthplace of Lu Opera. Folk artists Shi Dianyuan and others from Shijia Village, Niuzhuang Town, Dongying District (originally part of Guangrao County) are the main founders of Lu Opera. Most of the original Lu opera troupes traveled from countryside to villages and performed in the fields, which had little impact. It was put on the stage around 1910. After the establishment of Shandong Province Lu Opera Theater in 1953, Lu Opera became a type of opera that spread throughout Shandong and became famous throughout the country.
Table of contents
Introduction to Lu Opera
Origin of the name
Classification of traditional plays
Origin and evolution
< p>Artistic CharacteristicsIntroduction to the history of Lu Opera
Published Lu Opera works
Characters are good at what they do
Dan Xing
Pure Practice
Ugliness
Traditional play "Second Sister Li's Remarry"
"Mending the Sky"
"Dragon and Phoenix Noodles"
p>"Borrowing a Relative"
Lv Opera Knowledge Board Style
Qupai
Percussion Qupai
Musical Instruments
Trade
Voice
Clothing
Early Important Artists
Introduction to Contemporary Lu Opera Celebrities
Origin of the Name< /p>
Classification of traditional plays
Origin and evolution
Artistic characteristics
Introduction to the history of Lu Opera
Published works of Lu Opera< /p>
The role of the character is a good one
Dan Xing
Pure Xing
Ugliness
Traditional drama
< p>"The Second Sister-in-law Li Remarried" "Matching the Sky" "Dragon and Phoenix Noodles" "Borrowing Relatives" Lu Opera KnowledgeBan-style Qupai, blowing and playing Qupai musical instruments trades, voices and costumes Early important artists and contemporary Lu Opera celebrities unfold Tianjin Lu Opera "The Second Sister-in-law Li remarries"< /p>
Edit this paragraph Introduction to Lv Opera
[1] Lv Opera is one of the local opera types in Shandong Province. It was once known as "masquerade dulcimer" and "qin opera". The main musical instruments are zhuiqin, dulcimer, sanxian and pipa, which are called "the four major pieces of Lu Opera". It evolved from the folk rap art "Shandong Qinshu" (Sitting Yangqin). It originated in the Yellow River Delta north of Shandong and is popular in parts of Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui. Most of the original Lu Opera troupes traveled from countryside to villages and performed in the fields, which had little impact. It was put on the stage around 1910. In the reform of opera in 1953, it was reorganized from Shandong Provincial Opera and named Lu Opera. After the establishment of Shandong Province Lu Opera Theater in 1953, Lu Opera became a type of opera that spread throughout Shandong and was well-known throughout the country. In mid-October 2007, the first Lu Opera Culture and Art Festival was successfully held in Dongying City, Shandong Province, the hometown of Lu Opera.
Edit the origin of the name of this paragraph
There are many theories circulating about the origin of the name of Lu Opera, generally they are as follows: 1. Around 1915, it originally belonged to Niuzhuang, Guangrao County Shi Dianyuan, an old artist from Shijia Village (now classified as Dongying District), also used paper donkeys to transform into Dezhou City Lu Opera Troupe
to perform "Wang Xiaoqianjiao" in disguise, which was welcomed by the masses. People called it Donkey Opera. Because this name was not elegant, some scholars transliterated it into "Lu Opera". 2. In 1923, this kind of donkey opera came to Jinan Prefecture, and the main repertoire was "Lv Dongbin's Medicine". The local people did not understand the origin of this type of opera. They only heard that it was called "Donkey Opera", and because the main repertoire was "Lv" Starting with the word "Lv Opera", the audience calls it Lu Opera. 3. The word "LV" in Lu Opera was originally the word "LU", which means that one village consists of twenty-five households. It means neighborhood drama and hometown drama. Later, in the circulation and circulation, "Lu" was simplified to "LV". 4. In the past, musical instruments were mostly performed by a couple or a family, and the content of the songs mostly reflected the love between men and women. The two names are "Lu", so it is called Lu opera. 5. Lu Opera was originally called Lu Opera. There are two reasons for this: first, because the main accompaniment instrument during singing is the pendulum qin, and the fingers used to play the pendulum qin are moved up and down, so it is called Luxi; and because there are six types of Yin rhythms in the twelve rhythms of Chinese music, collectively called "Six Lu", so "Lu Opera" was renamed "Lu Opera". Another legend is that when this kind of opera was named, some old artists said that when singing this kind of opera, it is called Lu opera. Lu has the same pronunciation as Lu, so it was named Lu Opera (Lu Opera).
Edit this section on the classification of traditional plays
The scripts of Lu Opera can be roughly divided into two types: one is small plays, such as "Xiao Guxian", "Wang Dingbao Jiedang", "Xiao Jiannian" ", etc., are its basic plays; the other is continuous script plays, which are mostly adapted from the scripts of drum lyrics, novels and piano books, such as "The Story of the Golden Whip", "The Story of the Golden Bracelet and Yuhuan", "Five Women Prospered the Tang Dynasty", etc. The short drama repertoire has a strong flavor of life, uses vivid mass language, is good at expressing various characters, and is full of strong appeal. The singing tunes of Lu Opera are simple and simple, beautiful, flexible and smooth, easy to learn and sing. The basic tunes are Siping and Erban, and sometimes other tunes are also used. The main accompaniment instruments include zhuiqin, dulcimer, erhu, sanxian, etc. Lu Opera, 25 groups nationwide declared for world cultural heritage in 2008
Edit this paragraph’s origin and evolution
[1] Although Lu Opera is a new opera named after the founding of the People’s Republic of China Although it is a traditional opera type, its performing art form has experienced a long-term development process. As early as the Beijing Lu Opera Troupe
In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, a small song-style opera form called "Xiaoqu" appeared in the rural areas of southern Shandong. Because the main accompaniment instrument is the dulcimer (dulcimer), it is also called "dulcimer" and "dulcimer". Historically, the dulcimer was widely popular in Henan, Jiangsu, northern Anhui, southern Hebei, and individual cities and counties in the northeast in the lower reaches of the ancient Yellow River. It was first spread in southwest Shandong in Shandong, and gradually expanded to the north (Jinan and Huimin areas) and east (Qingdao, Yantai), with a history of about 200 years. In the process of development, influenced by the languages ??and customs of different regions, it gradually formed into three major schools: South Road, North Road, and East Road Qinshu. Their names are also different. For example, Shang Xing, an artist on East Road Qinshu, calls Benlu Qinshu "Improved Yangqin"; Deng Jiuru, the founder of North Road Qinshu, calls himself "Civilized Yangqin". It was not until 1933 when Deng Jiuru was broadcasting on Tianjin Radio that it was named Shandong Qinshu. In the early years of Guangxu's reign, farmers in the northern part of Guangrao County (formerly known as Le'an), in order to avoid famine, often carried musical instruments such as penguin and jieziban with them and went out to perform as entertainers to survive. At first, he mainly sang short passages from Qin Shu, or made up some interesting stories smoothly, and sang while playing. Later, they continued to absorb opera singing and folk tunes to enrich their performance content and form. For example, brothers Zhang Lantian and Zhang Zhitian from Dongzhai Village went to Fengyang, Anhui Province to learn from their masters. The local popular Fengyang song had a great influence on the performing art of Qinshu. Artists constantly pursue new art forms in their long-term singing practice. Some artists who are good at singing have gradually formed their own singing characteristics during the long-term performance process. For example, Shang Xing, an artist from Xishang Village in Guangrao County, and his wife Guan Yunxia, ??have been singing in Yantai and Qingdao for a long time, gradually forming their own singing style and becoming representatives of Donglu Qinshu art; while artists who are good at character performances are committed to creating New forms of expression to attract audiences. In the winter of 1900 (the twenty-sixth year of the reign of Emperor Guangxu), a band headed by Shi Dianyuan, a musical artist from Donglu, tried to change "Wang Xiaoxiaojiao" into a costume performance, using bamboo, paper and cloth to make a donkey shape. With colorful paintings, one actor tied a colored donkey to look like riding a donkey; one actor held a whip to drive the donkey; another artist played a qin, dulcimer, bamboo board and other musical instruments for accompaniment, and the actors sang and danced to the music. This kind of performance is unique, lively and successful, and it was a success for the first time. Since "Wang Xiao Chao Jiao" used donkey-shaped props for the first time, the masses also called this type of play "donkey play". After that, Shi Dianyuan successively changed some of the Qin Shu pieces into costume performances. Wherever he went, the performances were deeply loved by the masses. In year-round mobile performances, makeup dulcimer artists often perform in the same market town with troupes of Peking Opera, Wuyin Opera, Hebei Bangzi and other operas. There are even "Lianghe Shui" and "Sanhe Shui" (two or three different opera types). performing on the same stage). This performance method plays an important role in promoting the integration and innovative development of makeup dulcimer with other opera types in terms of repertoire, performance, singing, stage decoration, music, etc., allowing it to gradually develop from a simple costume performance into a relatively complete form of opera. . The repertoire of performances has also expanded from "couple plays" and "three small plays" to main plays and continuous plays; the performance venues have also changed from stools to tea gardens and theaters. In 1917 (the sixth year of the Republic of China), Cheban, composed of Zhang Fenghui, a dulcimer artist from Guangrao County, and others first entered Jinan City to perform. Since then, many theater troupes have also entered Jinan City to perform. Some troupes often perform in Yantai, Qingdao, and even Dalian, Changchun, Harbin and other cities in the Northeast, further expanding the influence of the play. The more influential classes at that time included the Huang Family Class, the Father-son Class, the Tongle Class, the Qinghe Class, and the ***He Class.
After the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, the series fell into trouble. The theater troupe that originally performed in Jinan City also suffered from deterioration in performance, causing the troupe to shrink and the artist's life to be unsustainable. Most of the artists returned to their hometowns, and the remaining artists formed a "Yihe Troupe" to maintain performances and barely make ends meet. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the performance situation did not improve, but became even more depressed. The "Yihe Class" also disbanded at the end of 1946, and artists were forced to change careers and find other ways out. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the costume dulcimer opera gained new life. Since 1950, the Local Opera Research Office of the Shandong Federation of Literary and Art Circles has organized the exploration, sorting, testing and promotion of local opera art in the province. It has focused on the reform of the dulcimer and selected "Little Sister" as the experimental play. After that, the artists learned from Shandong Bangzi and performed "Blue Bridge Club". On the basis of studying traditional plays, he also adapted and performed the modern-themed novel "The Second Sister-in-law Li Remarried". During this period, the Jinan Cosmetic Yangqin Troupe, formed from the Yihe Troupe, also choreographed and performed plays such as "Zhang Dayou Was Deceived" and "Wang Xiuluan", opening the door to modern Lu opera. The performance of these adapted plays expanded the influence of the dulcimer, and a number of famous actors such as Lang Xianfen, Lin Jianhua, and Wang Junying emerged. After the Shandong Province Lu Opera Troupe was established in 1953, it continued to reform and innovate its repertoire, and successively compiled and processed traditional plays such as "Sisters Are Married" ("Forced Marriage"), and compiled and performed modern plays such as "Guangming Avenue". In 1954, at the East China District Drama Observation Performance, "Li Ersao Remarried", "Guangming Avenue", "Wang Dingbao Borrowed Pawn" and "Little Sister" won awards respectively. "The Second Sister-in-law Li Remarried" and "Borrowing the Year" were made into black-and-white films by Changchun Film Studio in 1957; "Two Ridges" was made into black-and-white films by Shanghai Haiyan Film Studio in 1965. During the "Cultural Revolution", Lu Opera was banned. After 1976, Lu Opera revived. "Half the Sky" was made into a color film by Changchun Film Studio in 1976; "Forced Marriage" was made into a color film by Changchun Film Studio in 1979; "Zhang Wang, Li Zhao" won the National Screenplay Award in 1982. In 1979, Guangrao County Lu Opera Troupe and Kenli County Lu Opera Troupe began to perform traditional plays. In 1982, the Lu Opera Troupe of Guangrao County rushed to perform a new play "Family Joy" to cooperate with the family planning publicity and toured inside and outside the county. In 1987, Lijin County Peking Opera Troupe was renamed Lijin County Lu Opera Troupe. In 1984, the Dongying Municipal Cultural Bureau organized some literary and artistic workers to conduct research on Lu Opera, and went into rural areas to visit old artists and collect historical materials. In the winter of 1985, the "Lv Opera Historical Materials Symposium" was held, and more than 20 veteran Lv Opera artists were invited to participate. In the spring of 1986, 14 veteran artists were invited to make imitation videos. On this basis, the manuscript "Music Collection of Lu Opera in Dongying City" was compiled and completed in 1987, and the "Compilation of Historical Materials of Dongying City on the Origin and Development of Lu Opera" was compiled and completed at the end of 1988. These two manuscripts are important achievements in the study of Lu Opera. During the compilation process, we received enthusiastic guidance and help from relevant leaders of the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture, many experts and famous actors in the Shandong Province Lu opera circle (such as Li Yu and Lang Xianfen). From March 5 to 8, 1991, the "Dongying City's First Lu Opera Performance" was held. 8 representative teams from the city and 240 people participated in the performance, divided into professional and amateur groups, and performed 12 new plays. In 1994, the "Dongying City Lu Opera Troupe" was established based on the Guangrao County Lu Opera Troupe. By the end of 1995, 15 Lu opera actors in the city had won the title of provincial outstanding actor[2].