The national presentation of musical m e aning an d When learning English on the basis of mother tongue, many people will habitually look up English equivalents with the same meaning as Chinese words in the dictionary, but not all words have an accurate correspondence like "book= book". Take "jade" and "jade" in Chinese and English as examples: both refer to a kind of moist and shiny ore, and "jade" in Chinese also implies the meaning of "virtue", such as "jade is clean and ice is clear". In addition, you can also address the other person's body as "jade body, jade capacity", but "jade" in English. . In fact, even in English-Chinese dictionaries, the meanings of annotated words and annotated words are not completely equal. In different languages, the number of words with completely equivalent meanings is very small, and most words have great or small differences in connotation or extension, and sometimes even present a vacancy state. This phenomenon is closely related to the history, culture and customs of the nation to which the word users belong, that is, the meaning of different languages presents a strong national feature. Taking English and Chinese as examples, this paper analyzes the manifestations of the nationality of word meaning and its influence on cross-cultural communication. First, the expression form of the nationality of the word meaning-the prominent example of the nationality of the word meaning is deeply rooted in the cultural reality. The two are inseparable and interdependent, and they are always in an interactive process. The "uniqueness" or "difference" of a national culture is often fully reflected, expressed, inherited and precipitated in its language, and often forms a "blank" in other national languages, resulting in gaps in concepts, semantics and vocabulary. There are some words in the language that express the unique things, phenomena and concepts in a certain national culture. These things, phenomena and concepts do not exist in other national cultures, so these words are not available in other national languages, that is, they present a vacant state. These words have the most national cultural characteristics and are a mirror reflecting national culture. For example, some words "Ding", "Eight Immortals Table", "Sedan", "Imperial Examination" and "Imperial Lady" are used to express ancient Chinese artifacts, laws and titles. Some political words such as "* *" and "one country, two systems" are not found in English. Even if they are translated into English, it is difficult for people to understand them without certain cultural background knowledge as annotations. Many people think that "hippy hippies" in English refer to a group of young people who are smirking, but in fact, not all of them are smirking. Many of them take social problems seriously and are dissatisfied with society, but their lifestyles are different: they have long hair, fancy clothes, decadent behavior, and even drug abuse. These meanings cannot be understood without understanding the cultural background of the United States in the 195s and 196s. Similarly, the concepts represented by English words such as "church", "priest" and "Christmas" do not exist in the local culture of Chinese. Today, the meanings referred to by these words can be understood because of the wide acceptance of the culture conveyed by these loanwords. Second, the meaning of words is misplaced-the meaning of words is heterogeneous. If the word vacancy is a special case of the nationality of the meaning of words and a drop in the ocean in the cultural Wang Yang, then the countless differences in associative meanings of words can better explain the cultural personality of the meaning of words. The similarity of the objective environment of human life and the convergence of human cognitive psychology always lead to a certain correspondence between words of different nationalities, which is the basis of bilingual dictionary compilation and the prerequisite of cross-cultural communication. However, "correspondence" is not equal to "equivalence". Even if the conceptual meanings expressed are the same, they will often have different associative meanings due to different cultural backgrounds, resulting in the dislocation of word meaning correspondence. The objective things that Liu willow refers to in both English and Chinese are not only the same, but also can be associated with "sadness". However, in Chinese, this sad association is caused by parting from sorrow and not hating, while in English it is caused by death and loss. Zhou Bangyan's "Warrior Lanling Willow" begins with the words "The willow shade is straight, and the smoke is silky. On the Sui Dyke, I have seen it several times, and the water fluttered and the cotton was sent off. " Among them, "Liu Yin Zhi" creates a typical parting environment, and the whole word is based on "Liu", which is full of strong feelings of parting. In English, "wear the willow" means "lovelorn" or "mourning the death of a loved one". "Dragon" has an extremely lofty and solemn associative meaning in Chinese. The Chinese nation is called "the dragon nation" and we call ourselves "the descendants of the dragon". In addition, "dragon" also symbolizes imperial power, divine power and majesty, such as "the real dragon emperor", "dragon robe" and "dragon chair". Most of the words containing "dragon" are positive, such as "while the dragon and the phoenix dance" and "dragon and horse spirit". However, the word "dragon" in English is often used in a derogatory sense. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English has two definitions of it: ① "A large imaginary animal that has wings and a long tailand can breathe out fire" is an imaginary big animal with wings and a long tail that can spit out flames. (2) "A woman who behaves in an Angry, unfriendly way" is a vicious woman, such as "The woman in charge of the account department is an absolute dragon." The female section chief of the accounting department is a real dragon. Third, the division of the same semantic field. Different cultures not only determine the cognitive result of people, but also determine the form of language. Taking the semantic field composed of sibling relations in the semantic field of kinship words as an example, we can find such correspondence: firstly, it is the basic form of kinship words that takes part in the comparison, while "elder brother" and "younger sister" in English are not the basic forms of the title. As Jia Yande pointed out, "Although there are words like" brother "and" sister "in Chinese, If you only refer to a relative formed by a layer of sibling relationship, Han people must make it clear whether it is a brother or a younger brother, a sister or a younger sister, and never be vague. It can be seen that English uses two words "brother" and "sister" to divide the semantic field of sibling relationship, while Chinese uses four words "brother", "brother", "sister" and "sister" to divide it. When addressing, we should not only distinguish between sexes, but also distinguish between young and old. According to its different characteristics, "jump" in Chinese should be represented by "jump", "leap" and "spring" in English, which means jumping off the ground or other bases through the activities of leg and foot muscles. For example, "the cat jumped to the table." "leap" means jumping or bouncing from a certain plane and often falling to another place. For example, "the dog leap over the fence." "skip" means to jump lightly, especially to jump twice on each foot in turn. For example, "the children skipping along the road." "spring" means to jump suddenly. For example: ④ "sh Sprang out of her chair to greet her father." Different ethnic languages may have very different segmentation of the same semantic field. This difference does not mean that a carefully segmented language is more expressive and better than a roughly segmented language, but that different ethnic groups choose different language expressions. In English, you can also use "elder brother" and "younbrother" to express the difference between the young and the old. For the "jump" in the text, Chinese can also be expressed by complements, verb overlapping or adding appropriate prepositions and prepositional phrases, such as: ① The cat jumped on the table; ② The dog jumped over the fence; (3) the children jumped around along the road; She jumped up from the chair to meet her father. The reason for this difference is that different ethnic groups choose different language forms. For the same semantics, some ethnic groups choose lexicalization, while others choose grammaticalization. Second, the influence of the nationality of the word meaning on cross-cultural communication Cognitive linguistics holds that the word meaning is determined by the combination of people's subjective psychology and objective truth conditions, and people's subjective views and psychological factors are restricted by their own culture. Therefore, the word meaning is bound to bear a profound imprint of national culture, showing the distinct cultural personality of different nationalities. "Coding-sending-transmitting-receiving-decoding" is a complete process of language communication, in which cultural differences in word meanings mainly affect coding and decoding. When a message leaves the encoded culture, it carries the meaning formed by the encoder under the influence of its own culture, and when it reaches the culture to be decoded, a transformation process will occur: the influence of the decoding culture will become a part of the message meaning, and the original meaning of the message will be modified. This is a problem worthy of attention in cross-cultural communication. In cross-cultural communication, if we only pay attention to the grammar of a language and the conceptual meaning of words, but ignore the national differences of words in their respective cultures and the cultural information carried by words, then communication will be blocked, which may lead to communication conflicts or misunderstandings and eventually lead to communication failure. There are three specific situations: First, the short circuit of communication caused by the vacancy of words. The most vivid manifestation of the nationality of word meaning is the vacancy of words. These specific words produced in the cultural background of a certain nation not only leave gaps in the language of another nation, but also create gaps in the psychological understanding of another nation. In cross-cultural communication, if you use these words in a "vacant" state without introducing the relevant background knowledge, it will inevitably make the communication objects feel puzzled and unintelligible. For example, "Yin" and "Yang" put forward by Taoism have no equivalents in English, and most westerners don't understand these two concepts. Before understanding the history of the early development of the western region in the United States, it is difficult to really understand the word "cowboy cowboy" with strong romanticism and legend. Therefore, the best way to deal with this kind of vacant words is detailed explanation and rich background introduction.
second, communication failures caused by word meaning dislocation can be divided into two types: one is that the conceptual meaning is the same in two languages, but the associative meaning only exists in one language. For example, if a foreign friend says "I like being jealous" to everyone, it will definitely lead to laughter, but he himself looks blank. This is because in English, "vinegar vinegar" is just a seasoning, and it has no associative meaning. In Chinese, "jealous" means "jealous for love". "Crane" is a symbol of longevity in China culture, so parents often name their children "Year of the Crane" and "Age of the Crane", hoping that their children will grow up and live a long life. Cranes are also often associated with pines that symbolize firmness and longevity. Such as: "Songhe Yannian". In English, "crane crane" has no such association. The other is that the conceptual meaning is not only the same in both languages, but also has associative meaning, but the associative meaning is different. In Chinese, if someone comments on a person's Heworks like a dog in this way, we will definitely think it is derogatory, while in English it means "he works very hard", which is a positive color. This is because the associative meaning of "dog" in Chinese is low and selfish, such as "dog's legs" and "dog fights against human potential", while westerners value the advantages of dog's intelligence and loyalty, and even regard dog as a member of the family, so "dog dog" is usually used as a compliment in English. Third, the communication obstacles caused by the different division of semantic fields. In the process of learning Chinese, foreign students in Europe and the United States will have a great headache whenever they learn the expression of kinship words. For example, taking the semantic field of collateral blood relatives as an example, we can see such a correspondence: so many and complicated expressions often make students stunned and have a headache. Because in their culture, there is no need to make such a detailed division of kinship, such as seniority, closeness and lineage, it is precisely because of the different division of the same semantic field between English and Chinese that they encounter difficulties in understanding and remembering words. Third, the knot Because culture has distinct nationality, that is, cultural individuality, different cultures will present different cultural forms, which are reflected in the language level and suddenly show the nationality of word meaning. If we always understand the vocabulary in a foreign language through the lens of mother tongue, it is easy to replace the concepts in a foreign language with the concepts in mother tongue, without paying attention to their differences in connotation and extension, thus causing obstacles and difficulties in communication. Therefore, we must always pay attention to the differences between coding culture and decoding culture, and pay attention to the differences in word meanings caused by the personality of national culture. Only in this way can we better communicate across cultures and truly understand and learn from foreign cultures. References: [1] Zhao Wenxue, Ji Qi. Cultural differences and translation —— the orientation of cultural causes in the source language in the target language [J]. Journal of Jilin University: Social Sciences Edition, 236: 112-116 [2] Yang Yuangang, Zhang Ande. Comparative analysis of cultural associative meanings of English and Chinese plant words. Language teaching and research, 224: 74