there is a passage in Zuo Zhuan's Eighteen Years of Wengong: "The Jinyun family has a son who is incompetent, greedy for food and taking bribes from goods. Aggressive desire and extravagance, not surplus and disgust; Gather together and accumulate facts, but don't know the truth. Regardless of the widowed, there is no pity for the poor. The people of the world are more fierce than three, which is called gluttony. " In Historical Records of the Five Emperors, there are three evils in the world: "Jinyun's scholar is incompetent, greedy for food and taking bribes from goods." The "three evils" are "chaos, Qiong Qi and wandering", and Historical Records of the Five Emperors. Shaokuai's family is not talented, destroys faith and loyalty, and worships evil words. The world is called Qiong Qi. Zhuan Xu's is a gifted scholar, unable to teach, and ignorant of words, which is called "escaping from affairs" in the world. "
Gluttony is an imaginary mysterious monster. This monster has no body, only a big head and a big mouth. It is very greedy and eats whatever it sees. Because it eats too much, it is finally suffocated. It is a symbol of greed.
the gluttonous pattern first appeared on the jade articles of Liangzhu culture in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 5, years ago. There is a cloud in the article "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals": "Zhou Ding is gluttonous and has Kubinashi's body. He eats people and does harm to his body." Gluttony patterns have existed on bronzes in Erlitou and Xia cultures. With the bridge of the nose as the center line, symmetrically arranged on both sides, usually the lower lip. Gluttony patterns appear on bronzes, especially on ding. There are many types of gluttonous patterns in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some of which are like dragons, tigers, cows, sheep and deer. Others are like birds, phoenixes and people. The name "gluttonous pattern" did not exist in ancient times, but was named by Song people when epigraphy rose. The most perfect gluttonous pattern mask is 21. cm high and is now in Seattle Library, USA. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, its mystery gradually declined.
ancient gluttonous grain culture
1. gluttonous grain and religious culture
For example, in Shang Dynasty, the bronze bowl with gluttonous grain on the elephant cover: the height of the vessel is 17.7 cm, and it consists of the vessel body, feet and cover. The cover is decorated with gluttonous patterns to thin the Yun Leiwen substrate. The belly of the utensils is gluttonous. Animal patterns have religious significance. There are gluttonous patterns on all kinds of Ding in Shang Dynasty. Ding is the most common and mysterious vessel used by ancestors to sacrifice, and its religious significance is strong.
For example, the gluttonous bronze figurine (Shang Dynasty) unearthed in Lijiahe, Pinggu, Beijing, is 27 cm high and 7.5 cm in diameter, with gluttonous grain on the abdomen and beaded grain on the upper and lower sides for sacrificial purposes.
2. Gluttonous patterns and wine culture
Shuowen: it is honored as a wine-holding object specially used for offering sacrifices or entertaining guests. Don Li Bai: "Visit Zige Peak in the morning, and stay in the village at dusk. The village old man saw Yu Xi and opened a statue for Yu. " "Zun" refers to a wine container, which is equivalent to a modern hip flask. In 1912, a gluttonous bronze statue of Shang Dynasty was unearthed in Qianshan County, Anhui Province. It has been buried underground for more than 3, years, and it is still green and beautiful. This statue is 21.5cm in height, 19.4cm in diameter and 2kg in weight. Trumpet-shaped, with a high neck, a bulging belly and round feet, it is named after the gluttonous pattern of vessel jewelry. The pattern of gluttony symbolizes the face shape of a gluttonous fierce beast in ancient legends. It was often used as the theme decoration on utensils from Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou Dynasty, and it was mostly lined with Yun Leiwen, with many changes in patterns.
Another example is the Taotie bronze statue of the ox head: Shang (16-146 BC), with a height of 3.5 cm and a diameter of 28 cm. It was unearthed in Xiangyang Hui food factory in Zhengzhou in 1982 and was a sacrificial utensil for ancestors. Its gluttonous and tattooed Jue was a wine vessel that could only be used by five-class aristocrats in Shang Dynasty. Jue was a drinking vessel, with a "flow" of drinking in front, a cup in the middle, a tail in the back, ears on one side and three feet on the bottom. There was a column between the "flow" and the cup, which not only served as decoration, but also resisted the bridge of the nose when drinking, thus preventing excessive drinking. Jue, gradually disappeared after the early Western Zhou Dynasty.
3. Gluttonous patterns and architectural art
Gluttonous patterns are usually used in ancient building materials.
such as gluttonous half tile: it is an ancient waterproof building component of roof, which is made of clay. In 1957, on the west bank of the moat, about 7 meters south of Guang 'anmen Bridge, a half-corrugated tile was excavated, which was identified by archaeologists as a unique roof waterproof component of the palace in the Warring States period. Gluttonous patterns and half tiles provide a strong proof for uncovering the long history and superb architectural art of Beijing urban construction city. In 1972, in Hanjia Hutong, Xuanwu District, two pieces of gluttonous semi-tile and two pieces of animal-faced tile were unearthed in the Warring States period.
In addition, there are gluttonous tiles in the Warring States Period: they are mostly semicircular, with generous relief patterns, good farsightedness and obvious overall sense of the block.
4. Gluttonous patterns and furniture decoration:
The cicada patterns with gluttonous patterns have been unearthed, which are made of bronze, with long and narrow faces, upturned ends, slightly concave middle, and cicada patterns and gluttonous patterns all around. We can see the shape and decoration of table furniture in later generations from its shape.
5. Gourmet patterns and music:
Shang: Gourmet patterns, 48.5 cm high, collected in Tianjin Museum. This kind of single large bronze Rao can only be played on a special pedestal, that is, Zhiming.
In ancient times, Zu Yi Jue, incense burner, Zen tattoo, flat head tattoo, straight nego tattoo, flower gourd ladle and so on also appeared. It can be seen that the gluttonous pattern is closely related to the life of our ancestors and the cultural life of our ancestors, which fully embodies the wisdom and creativity of the working people in ancient China.
modern gluttony, gluttonous culture
1. advertising gluttony night
Mr. Boursicaud, a French advertising collector, is the founder of "advertising gluttony night" and a grand gathering of advertising professionals. His door is open to everyone, and people in the industry can see and learn the creative expression methods of advertising. The important thing about its success is that it provides an excellent place for young audiences to vent their feelings. It is a cheerful and rational vent, hot but not crazy. "Advertising gluttony night" is an advertising feast for the audience, that is, to make everyone present eat enough. The global screening of advertising gluttonous night entered its 24th year (starting in 1984). Every advertising night, the carnival scene of wearing masks, waving balloons, shouting and singing all over the street, gluttony also indicates the relaxation of the soul and the satisfaction of desire in modern culture.
2. The prototype of gluttonous pattern and sculpture art "Dancing"
A tall bronze sculpture stands at the intersection of Yi 'an Road and Tianqiao North Road in Beijing. It looks like an ancient wine vessel from a distance, but if you look closely, it seems that three abstract figures are dancing, and the name of the sculpture is Dancing. Its origin is that the staff of the Municipal Cultural Management Office were inspired by two bronzes, the Wen Jue in the early Shang Dynasty, and made artistic designs and shapes. In modern times, there are also interior architectural designs with gluttonous designs.
3. Gluttony and education
The historical legend of gluttony warns people to do things in moderation. A person regards everything around him as his own chip, and then does whatever it takes to achieve his goal. This kind of person is terrible, just like gluttonous eating. He pursues a wide range of desires and high standards, and hurts many people, which is extremely harmful. The symbolic meaning of gluttony is a good subject for moral education for future generations.
gluttonous and gluttonous culture has a long history in China, and its cultural influence is far-reaching in ancient China, modern and even the world.