Moon in Xijiang Xin Qiji Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields "Part 3" Tao Yuanming
The bright moon scares the magpies on the branches, and the breeze sings the cicadas in the middle of the night. At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, there are few bean seedlings in the grass.
The fragrance of rice flowers speaks of a good harvest, and the sound of frogs sounds. I wake up in the morning to sort out the wasteland and filth, and return with a hoe in the moonlight.
Seven or eight stars are outside the sky, and two or three points of rain are in front of the mountain. The road is narrow, the grass and trees are long, and the evening dew touches my clothes.
In the old days, by the forest of Maodian Society, I suddenly saw it when I turned towards Xitou. It's not enough to regret the stain on your clothes, but your wishes are fulfilled.
Zhuli Pavilion Wang Wei Jiangnan meets Li Guinian Du Fu
Sitting alone in the secluded bamboo, playing the piano and whistling loudly. It is commonly seen in King Qi's house, and Cui Jiutang heard it several times in front of him.
The people in the deep forest don’t know that the bright moon comes to shine. It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and we meet you again when the flowers are falling.
Chuzhou West Stream Wei Yingwu Emei Mountain Moon Song Li Bai
Pity for the lonely grass growing beside the stream, with orioles singing in the deep trees. The half-moon in Mount Emei is full of autumn, and the shadows are reflected in the water of Pingqiang River.
The spring tide brings rain late in the day, and there is no boat crossing the wild river. At night, the clear stream flows towards the Three Gorges. I miss you and go down to Yuzhou without seeing you.
Visiting Shanxi Village Lu You
Moxiao’s farmhouse is full of wax and wine, and in good years there are enough chickens and dolphins for visitors.
The mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way out, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers.
The flutes and drums follow the spring society, and the clothes and clothes are simple and ancient.
From now on, if I am allowed to take advantage of the moonlight, I will knock on the door all the time and night with my stick.
Miscellaneous Poems in the Mountains
Miscellaneous Poems in the Mountains
Wu Jun
Smoke coming from the mountains①,
Peeping the setting sun in the bamboo②.
Birds fly up to the eaves,
Clouds come out of the window.
[This article is one of three poems in "Miscellaneous Poems in the Mountains". It describes the tranquility of the mountain living environment and expresses the leisurely mood. Shen Deqian said that it "describes scenery in four sentences and has a unique style of its own".
Miscellaneous Poems in the Mountains
What comes into view is the gentle mountain mist in the dusk, and what is caught in the bamboo gaps is the picture of the setting sun slowly.
Birds fly leisurely to the eaves of other people's houses, and a faint mist of cloud slowly floats out from the window.
Appreciation
Appreciation 1:
These four sentences describing the scenery form a style of their own. Before each sentence, if the three words "look at that" are read in succession, a wonderful picture will be displayed in front of our eyes, and a beautiful movement will sound. Du Fu's poem "Quatrains": "Two orioles sing in the green willows, and a row of egrets ascend to the blue sky. The window contains the snow of Qianqiu in the West Ridge, and the ship thousands of miles away from the East Wu is moored at the door." Look around, feel emotional at every touch, and combine different scenery, It is used to form a special environment and give people a fresh feeling. This is the style used.
Appreciation 2:
The poem describes the interesting life of the poet living in the mountains: surrounded by mountain peaks, lush bamboo trees, birds flying on the eaves of other people's houses, and clouds floating from the windows. come out. This secluded residence wipes away all the dust of the world and expresses the poet's comfortable and leisurely mood casually and vividly.
The whole poem is only four short sentences, each sentence contains a scene, but each sentence is inseparable from the theme of "in the mountains". Smoke fills the valley and floats between the peaks. This is a common phenomenon in the quiet and deep mountains. As the sun sets in the west, its slanting rays can only be glimpsed through the gaps in the bamboo forest. From this, we can see the lush greenness of the bamboo forest, and the tranquility of the mountains has been conveyed in the first two sentences. The flying birds on the eaves come and go, and the white clouds pass through the windows, which all indicate that the terrain where the poet lives is high and steep, and among the lush forests and bamboos, birds always perch in front of and behind the eaves, reflecting the tranquility, detachment, and remoteness of the mountain residence. hubbub.
Shen Deqian said of this poem: "The four sentences describe the scenery, and it has its own style." This means that this little poem focuses all the pen and ink on describing the scenery, which is different from the general expression of emotions from the scenery to the people or from the scenery. The structure is different and a new format is opened. In fact, although each of these four sentences is a scene, there are always people in it. For example, the words "see" and "pee" in the first two sentences indicate that there are clearly people behind the scene, and the scene written is only what people can see. Scenery is not a purely objective description. As for the words "on the eaves" and "in the window" in the third or fourth sentences, the existence of people is more clearly revealed. Moreover, the poet's joy of living in the mountains is hinted at in the description of the scene, and his tranquil and detached state of mind can also be seen here.
Wu Jun is a master at writing landscapes. The reason why these four short poems can outline the characteristics of mountain dwelling lies in the author's proper choice of observation angle.
"Smoke" is seen from the "mountain", "sunset" is seen from the bamboo, "birds" are on the eaves, and "clouds" come out of the window. In this way, it is unusual to write about mountains, sunset, birds and clouds. , but takes on the subjective color of what the poet saw in his mountain home, and has a typical meaning. Just like photography, the same object is captured, but everyone has their own angle. A successful work can always take a novel and ingenious angle to capture the characteristics and interest of the scenery. This is also true for Wu Jun's imitation of mountains and rivers
Zhuli Pavilion
Wang Wei
Sitting alone in the secluded bamboo, he played the piano and whistled loudly.
The people in the deep forest don’t know that the bright moon comes to shine.
This little poem has four sentences in total. When we take it apart, we find that there is neither touching scenery nor touching love words; we can neither find which word is poetry nor which sentence is warning.
When describing scenery in the poem, only six characters are used to form three words, namely: "Youhuang", "Deep Forest" and "Mingyue". To use the word "bright" to describe the brightness of the moon that shines on the earth, there is nothing new or clever to say. It is a common statement that everyone uses. As for the word "篁" in the first sentence and the word "林" in the third sentence, they are actually the same thing. They are a repeated description of the bamboo forest in which the poet is located, and adding the words "secluded" and "deep" in front of the bamboo forest just means that It is neither the "three poles and two poles of bamboo" mentioned in Yu Xin's "Ode to the Small Garden", nor is it the "twelve bamboo poles sparse under the eaves" mentioned in Liu Zongwu's poem "Qingshuiyi Congzhu", but a piece of bamboo. Deep and dense bamboo forest. Here, it seems that the scene in front of you has been written out casually, without any effort to describe or paint it.
When describing character activities in the poem, only six characters are used to form three words, namely: "sitting alone", "playing the piano", and "shouting". For the characters, there is neither a description of their playing and whistling, nor an expression of their joy, anger, sorrow, and joy; for the sound and whistling of the piano, no pen and ink is spent on describing their tones and emotions.
On the surface, the wording and expressions in the four lines of the poem are ordinary. But when the four lines of poetry are put together, they have their own wonderful meaning and realm, which contains a special artistic charm. The beauty of this masterpiece from the "Wangchuan Collection" by the author Wang Wei is that it displays such an artistic conception that people are naturally attracted to. It does not win by words, but sees beauty from the whole. Its beauty lies in its spirit rather than its appearance. To appreciate its beauty, one should also focus on its spirit, and its spirit is contained in the artistic conception. In terms of artistic conception, it not only gives people a feeling of "serene and unparalleled" as Shi Buya said ("Poetry of Xian Maid"), but also makes people feel that the scenery of this secluded forest on a moonlit night is so empty, bright and clear. The people who were playing the piano and screaming were so at ease and free from all worries, and the external scene and the internal situation were seamlessly integrated. In terms of language, we can see the taste from nature, and the high rhyme from plainness. The beauty of its style, characterized by nature and plainness, complements the beauty of its artistic conception.
It is conceivable that the poet met the quiet and pure attributes of the bamboo forest and the bright moon in a state of tranquility and purity of mind, and then composed the poem. The formation of the artistic conception of the poem depends entirely on the consistency of the character's character and the intrinsic quality of the scene being written, without having to resort to external color. Therefore, when poets get together with things, emotions and scenery, they can, as Sikong Tu said in "Poetry·Nature", "Look wherever you find it, don't take the neighbors, go where you want, and start to make spring", Enter the artistic world of "Thin words and enlightenment, long and long days". Of course, the saying "everything is available" here does not mean that the poet has no choice in the materials and picks them up at will; the saying "hands on to make spring" does not mean that the poet has no arrangements when he takes charge of the material and writes it at will. When describing the surrounding scenery in the poem, I chose the bamboo forest and the bright moon, because they are consistent with the quiet and pure environment that I want to show; when describing my own feelings in the poem, I chose playing the piano and shouting, because they are consistent with what I want to express. A quiet and pure state of mind. This is a scene and an event, and the reason why he wrote about this scene and this matter has its own mature poetic thoughts. Judging from the combination of the whole poem, the poet not only wrote about the moonlit night in the forest, but also wrote about playing the piano and shouting, which used sound to bring out the tranquility. As for the last sentence of the poem, which is written when the moon comes to shine, it not only contrasts well with the "people don't know" in the previous sentence, but also plays a role in breaking up the dark night. These sounds and silence, as well as the contrast between light and shadow, are both masterfully arranged and used with ingenuity.
Hearing the Flute in Luocheng on a Spring Night by Li Bai
The sound of someone’s jade flute flies silently,
It spreads into the spring breeze and fills Luocheng.
In this nocturne, I heard the willows breaking,
Who can't help but feel the love of hometown?
[Translation]:
Whose home is the melodious sound of the flute coming from? As the spring breeze blows, it spreads throughout Luoyang. Just tonight, listening to the sad "Breaking Willows", can you not feel homesick?
[Explanation]:
The whole poem uses brisk and fluent language to express a touch of homesickness and sadness.
Zhe Liu: That is, "Zhe Willow", the name of the ancient song.
Ancient Poetry: Meeting the Envoy Entering Beijing
Author: Cen Shen
Looking eastward from my hometown, the road is long, and my sleeves are full of tears.
We will meet soon without pen and paper, I will rely on you to convey peace and security.
Wei Yingwu in the West Stream of Chuzhou
Only pity grass grows beside the stream,
There are oriole singing deep in the trees.
The rain in the spring tide comes late and urgently,
There is no one on the wild ferry, and the boat is crossing.
Author background
Wei Yingwu (737-792), a poet of the Tang Dynasty. He was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi'an, Shaanxi Province). Born into a noble family, he served as a bodyguard for Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty. Later, he studied hard and became a famous poet. His poems mostly wrote about pastoral scenery, and the ancient style and five rhymes were the most popular. The style was ancient, light and meaningful. Later generations called him "Wei Liu" together with Liu Zongyuan.
Explanation of the words
Chuzhou: Today's Chu County, Anhui Province, the poet once served as the governor of the state.
Xijian: A small stream in the western suburbs of Chuzhou City, some people call it Shangma River.
Du Lian: Favorite, only love.
Spring tide: spring rain.
Yedu: an unmanaged ferry crossing in the wilderness.
Horizontal: refers to floating at will.
Modern Translation of Ancient Poems
The dense grass growing beside the stream is particularly lovely, and there are oriole birds singing gracefully in the dense forest. The spring tide with rain becomes more violent in the evening, and there is no one in the wilderness, only boats in the sky.
Appreciation of the famous sentence - "No one can cross the wild ferry."
When the poet was an official in Chuzhou, he loved the quiet scenery of the West Stream the most, and often walked alone by the stream. The green grass on the shore and the orioles in the trees are all pleasing to the eye and make you forget to leave. A sudden heavy rain made the already swollen stream in the spring even more turbulent. The ferryman had gone to take shelter from the rain, and the boat was washed across the shore by the current. For a boat, the direction of the ferry to the other shore is longitudinal, and the direction of the water flow is horizontal. The boat was tied up and became sideways in the water when the current surged. The words used by the poet are very common, but because they capture a special scene, they paint a picture of a boat lying across the current. So it's very vivid. Judging from the description of the first two sentences, the poet's mood is very leisurely, but the scenery in the last two sentences feels a bit lonely.
In the Year of Li Gui in the South of the Yangtze River
Du Fu
It is common in Prince Qi's house, and I heard it several times in front of Cui Jiutang.
It is the beautiful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, and you will meet again when the flowers are falling.
[Explanation]
The poem is sentimental about the harshness of the world. Li Guinian was a famous singer in the early Kaiyuan years. He often sang in aristocratic houses. Du Fu was very talented when he was young. He often visited the court of Li Fan, the king of Yuqi, and Cui Di, his secretary and supervisor, and was able to appreciate Li Guinian's singing art. The first two sentences of the poem recall the past contact with Li Guinian, expressing the poet's nostalgia for the prosperity of the early Kaiyuan years; the last two sentences express his emotion about the decline of the country and the displacement of artists. Only four sentences summarized the vicissitudes of the times and the great changes in life throughout the Kaiyuan period. The language is extremely plain, but the connotation is infinitely rich. Hengtang retired scholars rated it as: "Of the seven unique features of Shaoling, this is the highlight."
[Poetic]
In those days, I often saw your performances in Prince Qi's house; in Cui Jiu In front of the hall, I have admired your art many times. I never thought that in this beautiful Jiangnan, during the season of falling flowers, I would meet an old acquaintance like you by chance.
Send Master Lingche off
Liu Changqing
The bells of Cangcang Bamboo Forest Temple are ringing late.
The lotus hat carries the setting sun, and the green mountains return far away alone.
Master Lingche was a famous poetic monk in the mid-Tang Dynasty. His common surname was Tang and his courtesy name was Cheng. He was from Kuaiji (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). His monastery was at Yunmen Temple on Yunmen Mountain in Kuaiji. Zhulin Temple is located in Runzhou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province). It is the temple where Lingche stayed during his trip. This short poem describes the poet's mood when he sent Lingche back to Zhulin Temple in the evening.
It is lyrical about the scene, exquisite in conception, concise in language, simple and beautiful, so it is a famous piece of landscape poetry in the mid-Tang Dynasty.
The first two sentences want to look at Lingche’s resting place in the forest of Cangcang Mountain. The bells of the temple chime in the distance, indicating that it is already dusk, as if urging Lingche to return to the mountain. The last two sentences describe the scene of Lingche's farewell and return. Lingche, wearing a bamboo hat and the afterglow of the setting sun, walked toward the green mountains alone, getting further and further away. "Qingshan" corresponds to the first sentence "Cangcang Bamboo Forest Temple", which points out that the temple is in the mountains and forests. "Going far away alone" shows the poet standing and watching, reluctant to leave, and expressing his farewell wishes. The whole poem expresses the poet's deep friendship for Lingche, and also shows Lingche's peaceful demeanor when he returns to the mountain. Farewells are often sad, but this farewell poem has a leisurely mood.
Liu Changqing and Lingche met and parted in Runzhou around the fourth or fifth year of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty (769-770). Liu Changqing has been frustrated and depressed since he returned from being demoted to Nanba (now Maoming South, Guangdong) in the second year of Shangyuan (761). Lingche had not written the title of his poem at this time, and was traveling south of the Yangtze River. He was not very happy. After staying in Runzhou, he would return to Zhejiang. A man who is frustrated in his career and a monk who has returned from a foreign country can come to the same place through different paths, have the same unexpected experiences, and have an indifferent mind when it comes to matters of life and death. This little poem expresses such a state.
Exquisite and picturesque is the obvious feature of this poem. But this painting is not only moving with the landscape and characters on the screen, but also with the poet's self-image outside the painting, which is unforgettable. The sound of the evening bell from the temple touched the poet's thoughts; the clear figure returning alone to the green mountains aroused the poet's desire to return. Hearing and watching, thinking and fascinated, it is the image of the poet hidden outside the painting. He is affectionate, but not sentimental about separation, but because he shares the same feelings and is indifferent; he is thoughtful, not because monks and Confucians have different paths, but because they have the same goal. That is to say, the purpose of this farewell poem is to express and express the poet's unexpected and leisurely, frustrated and indifferent feelings, thus forming a leisurely artistic conception. When criticizing paintings in the 18th century, Diderot of France said: "Any work that is rich in expression can be rich in scenery at the same time. As long as it has as much expression as possible, it will also have enough scenery." ("On Painting") ) This poem is picturesque, and the reason for its success is just like painting. The beauty of the scenery is due to the exquisite lyricism.
Introduction to the author:
Zhao Shixiu (1170-1219), a poet of the Song Dynasty, also known as Zizhi, also known as Lingxiu and Tianle, was a native of Yongjia (now Wenzhou, Zhejiang). He and Xu Zhao, Xu Ji and Weng Juan are collectively known as the "Four Spirits of Yongjia" and are known as "ghost talents". There are two volumes of "Zhao Shixiu Collection" and one volume of "Tianletang Collection", which have been lost. Only "Qingyuan Zhaiji" has been handed down.
Translation 1:
On a rainy day, it rains non-stop, among the green grass and in the pond, frogs chirp one after another, melodious and sweet. Why haven’t the friends you invited come yet? It was already midnight, and I was afraid that I might not come. I was bored and knocked the chess pieces until the lights went out.
Appreciation:
The last sentence is "knock the chess pieces and let the lanterns fall". It is raining in the Huangmei season, so I have time to invite friends to play chess; the friend
can't come , the poet wandered outdoors and listened to the frogs singing leisurely by the pond, so a kind of tranquility rippled into his heart; he picked up the chess pieces and played chess with himself, the lamp was the only bystander. When the lamp fell, it would suddenly become bright. The light coated his figure. The poet raised his head, with the same bright eyes, the expression on his face was full of leisure.
In the middle of the night in the city, which is soaked by the smell of alcohol, few people will be idle at home, playing a game of chess and waiting for the arrival of their friends. They are all very busy, so busy that their heels are beating against their heads, and their minds naturally cannot rest, although many times they don't know what they are busy with. The cochlear horn has a false reputation, and the petty profit is meager. It is just lip service. Snails are a delicacy, and the gluttonous appetites of urbanites are wide open; although flies are one of the four pests, as long as they have some gold content, the old gentleman who eats fat in the abdomen of mosquitoes will be ready. They also know that life is like a chess game, but there is only open space in their eyes, and they work hard to eliminate all the opponent's pieces. In addition to fair-weather friends and foxy friends, they believe in a modified saying: there are only eternal interests, but no eternal friends. In their view, friends are enemies, and others are hell. Who would invite an unprofitable person to play some economically unprofitable chess games late at night?
They regard others as chess pieces in their hands, but they do not know that they also hold others in their hands. They plot against others at every turn, and are often plotted by others. If they are not careful, they will lose everything. Behind us, there is a pair of invisible hands, which is time.
People in the world only know how to fight, but they waste time in meaningless fights and have no time to calm down and enjoy the leisure and poetry of short life. The poet Zhao Shixiu sublimated waiting into an art of time, not killing it, but enjoying the fun brought by the gentle spread of time.
When playing Go under the pine tree, pine nuts occasionally fall with the chess pieces; when fishing by willows, willow silk often hangs with the fishing line. The elegance of Su Dongpo and Huang Tingjian's chess game can only be found in ancient times. Modern people probably don't even have time to reflect on the nostalgia of the past. I like this couplet very much: When the pear urn is in bloom, the flowers are falling, the birds are singing, and the spring breeze is blowing on my face; after the catalpa tree is fighting, I can see the sky is high and the clouds are pale, and the autumn moon is full.
The wind blows in the face and the moon fills the arms. This kind of beauty is not something that busy urbanites can appreciate.
"Idle knocking of chess pieces" is a detailed description. The poet has not been waiting for a long time, and the wick is very long. When the poet is bored, he subconsciously taps the black and white chess pieces on the chessboard, and the The sound of playing chess knocked down the lanterns again. This posture seems to be leisurely, but actually reflects the poet's inner anxiety.
By rendering the provocative environment and the detailed action of "playing chess pieces", the whole poem not only describes the scene of the poet waiting for the guests to visit on a rainy night, but also writes about the situation when the guests have not yet arrived. The feeling of melancholy can be described as both physical and spiritual. The whole poem has a strong flavor of life, and is free from the habit of carving. It is clear and beautiful and can be recited.
On Poetry
Zhao Yi
One eye must rely on one's own opinions, and the art garden is filled with origen.
I have never seen dwarves watching a play. They just follow others' opinions.
In this poem, the author compares those who are irresponsible in literary criticism, talk nonsense, or follow what others say, and thereby strongly strengthen Le's correct views from the negative side: "One eye must be enough." "Self-assertion" and literary critics should: .
Compared to a dwarf
Should have own opinions and independent opinions
Two children debate the sun (liǎng xiǎo ér biàn rì)
[Edit this paragraph]Original text
Confucius was traveling eastward and saw two children arguing and asked him why.
Yi'er said: "I think that when the sun starts to rise, people are close to us, but when the sun is at noon, they are far away." .
Yi'er said: "At the beginning of the day, it is as big as a car hood, and at midday it is like a pan. Isn't this why the far ones are small and the near ones are big?"
Yi'er said. : "It's cool when it comes out of Cangcang at the beginning of the day, and it's like exploring the soup in the middle of the day. Isn't it hot when you're near, and cool when you're far away?"
Confucius couldn't decide.
The two children laughed and said: "Who knows more about you?"
[Edit this paragraph] Notes
Biadou: Debate, argue.
So: reason, reason.
To: think, think.
Go to: distance.
Sunday: noon.
And: to.
Then: Just.
Pan Yu: A container for holding things.
For: Yes.
Cangcang Liangliang: It is dark and cold, and the weather is cool.
Touch the soup: Put your hand into the hot water. It means the weather is hot.
Jue: decision, judgment.
Who: Who.
Ru: You.
Sentence Explanation
Confucius was traveling to the vassal states by car. When he passed a village, he saw two children arguing over something with red faces. Confucius asked them the reason for their dispute.
A child said: "I think the sun is close to people when it first rises, and it is far away from people at noon."
Another child thought that the sun was just rising. When the sun is far away from people, it is close to people when it travels far away at noon.
The first child said: "When the sun first rises, it looks like a round hood. At noon, it looks as small as a plate. Isn't this how small it is when it is far away and how big it is when it is close? ?"
Another argument: "It is very cool when the sun first rises, but it is extremely hot at noon. Isn't it that the heat is close and the cold is far away?"
Confucius could not decide.
The two children smiled and said: "Who said you are knowledgeable?"
[This article is selected from "Liezi·Tangwen"
"Liezi" According to legend, it was written by Lie Yukou, a native of the Zheng State during the Warring States Period. Yu Kou was one of the representatives of Taoism during the Warring States Period.
"Liezi" was originally a compilation of the writings of Liezi (a member of the Zheng Kingdom in the early Warring States Period and a member of the Imperial Guards), Liezi's disciples, and Liezi's successors. It was written around the late Warring States Period. Qin Shihuang burned books and harassed Confucian scholars, and Liezi was banned. In the early Han Dynasty, Huang Lao was respected, and Liezi became popular in the world. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty only respected Confucianism and dismissed hundreds of schools of thought. Liezi was scattered among the people. Emperor Cheng of the Han Dynasty asked for his legacy to be published in the world. Liu Xiang compiled Liezi into eight chapters and hid them in the secret palace of the inner palace. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhang Zhan's Commentary on Liezi came out, and Liezi became widely circulated. "Liezi Tangwen" was compiled and annotated by Liezi. It contains many folktales, fables and myths and legends
[Edit this paragraph] Characters
Confucius: modest and prudent, Seek truth from facts.
Two children: good at observation, persistent inquiry, and bold questioning.
[Edit this paragraph] Character introduction
Confucius (551.9.28 ~ 551.9.28 BC) 479.4.11) Mingqiu, courtesy name Zhongni, a native of Lu in the Spring and Autumn Period, Han nationality. Born in Changping Township, Zouyi, Lu State (now Luyuan Village, southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province). After his death, he was buried on the Si River in the north of Qufu City, which is today's Konglin.
According to "Historical Records: Confucius Family", Confucius's ancestors were descendants of the Yin and Shang Dynasties. After the Zhou Dynasty destroyed the Shang Dynasty, King Cheng of Zhou Dynasty granted him the title of concubine brother of King Zhou of Shang Dynasty. Wei Zi, a famous and loyal minister of the Shang Dynasty, came to Song Dynasty. The capital was established in Shangqiu (today's Shangqiu area of ??Henan Province). After the death of Wei Ziqi, his younger brother Wei Zhong came to the throne, and Wei Zhong was the ancestor of Confucius. After Kong Fujia, the sixth ancestor of Confucius, descendants began to take the surname Kong. His great-grandfather Kong Fangshu fled from Song to Lu in order to escape the civil strife in Song. Confucius's father, Shu Liang He (the courtesy name is Shu Liang and He is his given name), was a famous warrior in the state of Lu. Uncle Liang He first married the Shi family and gave birth to nine daughters but no son. His concubine gave birth to a son, Meng Pi, but he had a foot disease. Under the circumstances at that time, neither women nor disabled sons were suitable heirs. In his later years, Uncle Liang He gave birth to Confucius with a young woman named Yan. Because the middle of Confucius' head was concave when he was born, like a loach mountain; and because Confucius' mother went to Niqiu Mountain to pray and then conceived Confucius, she named her Qiu with the courtesy name Zhongni (Zhong means second, Shu Liang). He's eldest son was Mengpi, which means first.) When Confucius was three years old, his uncle Liang He died of illness. After that, Confucius' family was very poor. Due to various reasons, Confucius did not achieve much in politics, but the three months he governed the state of Lu showed that Confucius was worthy of the title of an outstanding statesman. Political dissatisfaction allowed Confucius to devote a large part of his energy to education. Confucius once served as a military commander in the State of Lu, and later traveled around the country with his disciples. Finally, he returned to the State of Lu and concentrated on teaching. Confucius broke the educational monopoly and pioneered private education. There were as many as 3,000 disciples of Confucius, including 72 sages, many of whom were high-ranking officials in various countries.
Confucius had a profound influence on later generations. During his lifetime, he was known as the "Sage of Heaven", "Muduo of Heaven", and "Eternal Saint". He was one of the most erudite scholars in society at that time, and He was revered as the Holy Saint (the saint among saints) and the teacher of all generations by later generations. He once revised "Poems" and "Books", settled "Li" and "Music", prefaced "Book of Changes", and wrote "Spring and Autumn". Confucius' thoughts and theories had a profound impact on later generations. "The Analects of Confucius" is a classic work of Confucianism, compiled by Confucius' disciples and re-disciples. It is a book that records the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples.
Moon Song of Mount Emei
Li Bai
The half-cycle autumn moon of Mount Emei casts its shadow into the water of Pingqiang River.
The clear stream flows towards the Three Gorges at night, and I miss you and go down to Yuzhou without seeing you.
This poem was written by the young Li Bai when he first left Shu. It has a clear artistic conception, simple language and smooth phonology.
The poem begins with "Mount Emei Moon" and points out that the season for traveling far away is autumn. The word "Autumn" is placed at the end of the sentence upside down because of the rhyme. The air is crisp in autumn and the moon is particularly bright ("The Autumn Moon shines brightly"). The word "autumn" is also used to describe the beauty of the moonlight. It is easy to pick up and it is natural and wonderful. The moon is only "half round", which reminds people of the beautiful artistic conception of green mountains spitting out the moon. In the northeast of Mount Emei there is the Pingqiang River, now the Qingyi River, which originates from Lushan County, Sichuan, and flows to Leshan County and into the Minjiang River. In the second sentence, "shadow" refers to the shadow of the moon. The two verbs "in" and "liu" form a linking predicate, which means that the shadow of the moon reflects into the river and flows away with the river. Life experience tells us that if we look at the moon's shadow in the water, no matter how the river flows, the moon's shadow will not move. "When the moon goes, I go too." Only when viewers go down the river can they see the wonderful scene of "shadows entering the water of the river". Therefore, this sentence not only describes the beautiful scenery of the Qingjiang River reflected by the moon, but also darkly highlights the boating on the autumn night. The artistic conception can be described as ethereal and wonderful.
There is someone in the second sentence, and the person in the third sentence has appeared: he is setting off from Qingxiyi overnight into the Minjiang River, heading towards the Three Gorges. Young people who "go to the country with swords and leave their relatives and travel far away" cannot help but be reluctant to leave their hometown and friends when they suddenly leave their hometown. Seeing the moon while walking along the river is like seeing an old friend. However, the bright moon is not an old friend after all, so I can only "look up at the bright moon and express my feelings for the thousand miles of light". The last sentence, "Missing you without seeing me, I'm going to Yuzhou" is a farewell with endless emotions. It can be said that words are short but love is long.
Mount Emei - Pingqiang River - Qingxi - Yuzhou - Three Gorges, the poetic landscape gradually unfolds a thousand-mile journey along the Shujiang River for readers. Except for "Emei Mountain Moon", there is almost no more specific description of the scenery in the poem; except for the word "Missing the King", there is no more lyricism. However, the artistic image in the episode "Emei Mountain Moon" runs through the entire poetic realm and becomes a catalyst for poetic sentiment. The connotations caused by it are quite rich: the mountain and the moon accompany people thousands of miles away, and can be seen every night, making the feeling of "missing you missing" even deeper. The bright moon is approachable but not approachable, and can be looked at but not touched. It is also a symbol of missing friends. Wherever the moon is chanted, it expresses the feeling of longing for friends along the river, which is intoxicating.
Originally, short quatrains are quite limited in expressing changes in time and space, so the general writing method is not to transcend time and space at the same time. However, the span of time and space expressed in this poem really reaches a state of freedom. Among the twenty-eight characters, there are five place names and twelve characters for ***, which are the only ones seen in ten thousand Tang Dynasty quatrains. "Fifth of the four sentences in the place name are included in it, and it is a masterpiece in ancient and modern times, but it is never too heavy" (Wang Linzhou said). The reason is that the poet's experience of traveling on the river and the feeling of missing friends are everywhere in the poem, and the mountains are everywhere. The symbolic artistic image of the moon unifies vast space and long time. Secondly, the treatment of place names is also full of changes. "Emei Mountain Moon" and "Pingqiang River Water" are place names added to the scenery, which are fictitious; "Fa Qingxi", "Xiang Sanxia", and "Xia Yuzhou" are practical, and their positions in the sentences are also different. There is no trace of it when you read it, and it is a wonderful introduction to chemical engineering.
On Poetry
Zhao Yi
One eye must rely on one's own opinions, and the art garden is filled with origen.
I have never seen dwarves watching a play. They just follow others' opinions.
In this poem, the author compares those who are irresponsible in literary criticism, make irresponsible remarks, or follow what others say, thereby strongly strengthening Le's own correct views from the opposite side: "One eye must be enough." "Self-assertion" and literary critics should: .
Compared to a dwarf
Should have own opinions and independent opinions
Ancient poems describing spring
Chun Xiao (Meng Haoran)
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Spring sleeps without waking up,
I hear birds singing everywhere.
The sound of wind and rain at night,
How many flowers have fallen
An ancient poem describing spring
Ode to Willows (He Zhizhang)
The jasper is as high as a tree,
Ten thousand green silk ribbons hang down.
I don’t know who cuts the thin leaves,
The spring breeze in February is like scissors.
An ancient poem describing spring
Spring Night Rain (Du Fu)
< p>Good rain knows the season,Spring will happen.
Sneak into the night with the wind,
Moisturize things silently.
Wild The clouds are all dark,
The fire on the river boat is only bright.
Look at the red and wet place at dawn,
The flowers are heavy and brocade the official city.
An ancient poem describing spring
Birds singing in the stream (Wang Wei)
Osmanthus flowers fall when people are idle,
The night is quiet and the spring sky is clear.
The moonrise scares the birds,
The time is singing in the spring stream.
Ancient poems describing spring
Qingming (Du Mu)
Qingming Festival It is raining heavily,
Pedestrians on the road are dying.
Ask where the restaurant is,
The shepherd boy points to Xinghua Village in the distance.
Description Ancient Poems of Spring
The Peach Blossoms of Dalin Temple (Bai Juyi)
The beauty of April in the world is over,
The peach blossoms of the mountain temple are beginning to bloom.
Eternal Regret There is nowhere to look for when spring returns,
I don’t know where to turn.
Ancient poems describing spring
Late Spring (Han Yu)
Grass The tree knows that spring will return soon,
All kinds of red and purple are competing with each other.
The poplars and elm pods have no talent and thought,
only the sky is full of snow.
An ancient poem describing spring
In early spring, Zhang Shiba of the Ministry of Water (Han Yu)
The light rain on the sky street is as moist as crisp,
The color of the grass looks far away but there is nothing up close. .
The best thing about spring is the year,
It is better than the smoke and willows all over the imperial capital.
An ancient poem describing spring
Chun Xing (Wu Yuanheng)
The willows are overcast and the drizzle is clear,
The remaining flowers have fallen and all the wandering orioles can be seen.
The spring breeze blows the dream of hometown all night,
and the drifting The spring breeze comes to Luocheng.
An ancient poem describing spring
Inscribed on Nanzhuang (Cui Hu) of the capital city
In this gate on this day last year,
The human face and the peach blossoms reflect each other's red.
The human face does not know where to go,
The peach blossoms still smile in the spring breeze.
An ancient poem describing spring
Quatrains (Du Fu)
The river and mountains are beautiful in the late day,
The spring breeze is fragrant with flowers and grass.
The mud melts and swallows fly,
The sand is warm and the mandarin ducks sleep. .
An ancient poem describing spring
Walking alone by the river looking for flowers (Du Fu)
Huang Si’s maiden’s house is full of flowers,
Thousands of flowers Thousands of flowers weigh low on the branches.
The butterflies dance all the time.
Visit the Shanxi village of Luyou.
Moxiao’s farmhouse is full of wax and wine. In good years, there are enough chickens and dolphins to visit.
The mountains and rivers are full of doubts and there is no way out, and there is another village with dark willows and bright flowers.
The flutes and drums follow the spring society, and the clothes and clothes are simple and ancient.
From now on, if I am allowed to take advantage of the moonlight, I will knock on the door at night with my stick. Li Bai