The ancient Chinese patriotic poet Qu Yuan (340 BC - 278 BC), Han nationality, surnamed Qu, given name Ping, courtesy name Yuan, Danyang, Chu State (now Zigui, Hubei Province) at the end of the Warring States Period in China, new archaeological discoveries may He was actually a native of Longyang, present-day Hanshou, Hunan Province (Note 1), and a descendant of Qu Xia, the son of Xiong Tong, King Wu of Chu. One of China's greatest poets. In his early years, Qu Yuan was trusted by King Huai of Chu and served as his disciple. He often discussed state affairs with King Huai and participated in the formulation of laws. At the same time, he presides over foreign affairs. He advocated that Chu and Qi should unite and fight against Qin together. With Qu Yuan's efforts, Chu's national strength increased. However, due to his own upright character and the slander and exclusion of others, Qu Yuan was gradually alienated by King Huai of Chu. In 305 BC, Qu Yuan objected to King Chu Huai's signing of the Yellow Thorn Alliance with Qin, but Chu still completely fell into the arms of Qin. As a result, Qu Yuan was also expelled from Yingdu by King Huai of Chu and lived in northern Han Dynasty. Qu Yuan was expelled from Yingdu. During his exile, Qu Yuan felt depressed and began to create literature. His works were filled with his attachment to the Chu land and Chu Feng and his enthusiasm for serving the people and the country. His works have gorgeous words, strange imagination, novel metaphors and profound connotations, and have become one of the origins of Chinese literature. In 278 BC, Qin general Bai Qi sent his troops south and captured the capital of Ying. Qu Yuan, out of despair and grief, threw a large stone into the Miluo River and died. Legend has it that local people dropped rice dumplings to feed the fish to prevent Qu Yuan's body from being eaten by the fish. Later, it gradually formed a ritual. From now on, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month will be the Dragon Boat Festival every year. People eat rice dumplings and row dragon boats to commemorate this great patriotic poet. In 1953, the 2230th anniversary of Qu Yuan's death, the World Peace Council passed a resolution identifying Qu Yuan as one of the four cultural celebrities in the world commemorated that year.
Note 1:
Recently, the research results submitted by the Qu Yuan Society of Hanshou County, Hunan Province on "The Theory of Qu Yuan's Hometown Hanshou" were appraised. After carefully reading the reported materials and unearthed cultural relics After the introduction, we went to the ancient town of Canggang in Hanshou County for a field trip. The large number of Qu Yuan's remains and unearthed cultural relics, as well as the confirmation of descriptions related to Qu Yuan's works, made people feel that Qu Yuan's hometown is likely to be in Hanshou, at least "Qu Yuan's hometown". "In Han Shou" can be called a well-founded new theory.
Family History
Family
Qu Yuan was born in a noble family of the Chu State. Qu Yuan’s ancestors were the same as the ancestors of the King of Chu. They were also surnamed Mi at first, and later changed their surname to Xiong; When it was passed to Xiong Yi, he was granted the title of Chu for his merits and lived in Danyang (which is now Zigui County, Hubei Province). This is Qu Yuan's hometown. In the early Spring and Autumn Period, around the 7th century BC, the son of King Wu of Chu Xiong Tong was granted the title of Qu Xia, and his descendants took Qu as their surname. The family members of the King of Chu, similar to the Qu family, also include the Zhao family and the Jing family. Zhao, Qu, and Jing are the three major surnames of the Chu family. Qu Yuan once served as the official of Sanlu, and it is said that he was in charge of the affairs of the three surnames of the royal family.
Since Qu Yuan was the descendant of the King of Chu, which was called a "gong clan" or "gongshi" at that time, his relationship with the Chu State was of course unusual. The descendants of the Qu family, such as Qu Chong, Qu Wan, Qu Dao, Qu Jian, etc., all held important positions in the Chu State. Qu Yuan's father was Boyong. In Qu Yuan's generation, there were not many high-ranking officials in the Qu family, only Qu Yuan and Qu Gai, the general who was later captured by the Qin State. Qu Yuan's "Xi Chan" in "Nine Chapters" of Chu Ci once said: "Suddenly forgetting the lowliness and poverty of the body." It is likely that the noble family was already in decline at that time.
Birth
According to the results of many modern studies, Qu Yuan’s birth date probably did not occur between the twenty-seventh year of King Xuan of Chu (342 BC) and the thirtieth year (339 BC). years). According to Jiazi's calculation, that year should be the year of Wuyin. What a coincidence, Qu Yuan was born not only in the year of Yin, but also in the month and day of Yin. According to the old saying in the Chinese calendar, "people are born in Yin", so Xia Zheng uses the month of Jian Yin (i.e. the first month) as the beginning of the year. Since Qu Yuan was born on the Yin day of the Yin year, it is truly in line with the "human" birth date. Therefore, Qu Yuan's famous work "Li Sao" said: "The photo of Ti Zhen was in Meng Zou Xi, but it was Geng Yin Wu who descended." This sentence means that in the first month of that year when the Tai Sui star met Yin [4], and it was also the day of Geng Yin, I was born from my mother's body. It means that this year is the Yin year; Meng is the beginning, Shuo is the first month, and the lunar calendar uses the month of Jian Yin as the beginning of the year, indicating that the first month of this year is the Yin month; Geng Yin means that this day is the Yin day. Qu Yuan was born on the Yin day of the Yin month of the Yin year, which was a good day (according to calculations by Zou Hanxun and Liu Shipei using the Yin calendar and the Xia calendar, it was determined to be the 21st day of the first month of 343 BC. In the Qing Dynasty, Chen Jue used the weekly calendar to calculate it as 343 BC). the 22nd day of the first month of the year), currently generally set as 340 BC.
Naming
Qu Yuan felt that his birth date was a bit unusual, so he said in "Li Sao": "Huang Lan Kuiyu came here for the first time, and Zhao Xiyu praised his name. His name is Zhengzexi, and his courtesy name is Lingjun."
These four sentences mean: My father saw that my birth was extraordinary, so he gave me a good name. My name is "Ping" and my given name is "Yuan". When Wang Yi of the Eastern Han Dynasty explained Qu Yuan's name in "Zhang Ju", he said: "Zheng means peace; it means law." "Spirit means spirit; balance means harmony. The only person who can speak of Zhengping as the law is Heaven, which nourishes the balance of things." Those who adjust it should not rely on the earth."
That's why it is called "Ping Yifa Tian" and the word "originally Yifa Earth". In conjunction with the year, month and day of his birth, literally speaking, "ping" means justice, and "pingzheng" is the symbol of the sky; "yuan" means the wide and flat terrain [7], which is the symbol of the earth. Qu Yuan His birth date and name are in line with the three traditions of heaven, earth and man: "The sky is created by Zi, the earth is created by Chou, and people are born by Yin" [8]. This may seem like a coincidence today, but it was considered a good sign at the time.
Diplomacy during Qu Yuan's period
Since the Spring and Autumn Period, many small countries have gradually been annexed by big powers after long-term wars. By around 403 BC, a situation was formed in which seven great powers (Yan, Zhao, Wei, Han, Qi, Chu, and Qin) stood side by side and competed for supremacy. From then on until Qin unified the six kingdoms (221 BC), history calls these 180 years the Warring States Period. In this era, there were fierce struggles between countries, successive attacks, and political turmoil. The poet Qu Yuan lived in the late Warring States period when society was undergoing great changes. The strength of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period is not balanced, and as the political and economic reforms of various countries continue to deepen, their strength continues to wax and wane. In the early Warring States period, Zhao, Wei, and Han implemented reforms in their economic and political systems, and they were once powerful. After Li Kui's reforms, Wei State became the most powerful country at that time.
Unfortunately, their reforms were not thorough, and coupled with the unfavorable terrain, they quickly declined again. The State of Yan is located in a remote corner of the north and is working hard to expand its territory in the northeast. After the abdication of King Kuai of Yan, some political reforms were carried out, but they were not fully completed, so "there are seven warring states in the world, but Yan is weak." It's just that they have suffered less from the war and can still be on one side. The remaining three kingdoms of Qi, Chu and Qin were evenly matched at first.
After Qin Xiaogong implemented the Shang Yang Reform, he worked hard to increase production and encourage the people's fighting mood. Ten years later, the country was rich and the people were strong, and they attacked various countries in consecutive years, becoming a serious threat to the other six countries. Due to Qin's strength, any of the other six countries is no longer an opponent. So a group of strategists put forward the idea of ??"joint vertical line", that is, from Yan to Chu, the six northern and southern countries would unite into a vertical line to jointly oppose the Qin State in the west. The representative figure who advocated the joint vertical was called Su Qin. In 334 BC, he persuaded Marquis Wen of Yan to help him lobby the six countries and establish the joint vertical organization. In 318 BC, Su Qin made an appointment with six kingdoms to attack Qin. King Huai of Chu was once the commander, but unfortunately he was defeated. Contrary to this, the Qin State also organized a group of strategists to propose the idea of ??"alliance", that is, the Qin State in the West formed an alliance with one of the six eastern countries to form an east-west horizontal line to attack the other. nation. The representative figure of Lian Heng is Zhang Yi. In 328 BC, Zhang Yi became the prime minister of Qin and implemented the policy of lianheng, which was very effective. In the late Warring States period when Qu Yuan lived, the struggle among the seven kingdoms for supremacy was basically a struggle between vertical and horizontal alliances.
Chu's Diplomacy
Among the three countries of Qin, Chu, and Qi, Qin and Chu are the countries most likely to unify the six countries, and Qin has the advantage. Therefore, Chu State can only confront Qin State if it unites with Qi State. Only by destroying the alliance between Qi and Chu can Qin be able to establish alliances with distant and close enemies, defeat them one by one, and realize her great cause of unifying the six kingdoms. This was the diplomatic situation of Chu State in Qu Yuan's time; as far as Chu's internal affairs were concerned, in order to enrich the country and strengthen its army and defeat Qin, it was necessary to strengthen the rule of law, limit the privileges of the nobility, promote talents and develop economic strength. Qu Yuan advocated reform and opposed the corrupt aristocratic rule; he advocated alliance and insisted on the foreign policy of uniting Qi to resist Qin. It was based on the situation of the Warring States Period when the seven heroes were competing for hegemony and was the correct policy in line with the long-term interests of the Chu State.
Qu Yuan first served as Zuo Tu
Qu Yuan was an outstanding talent among the nobles of Chu State. Proficient in history, literature and mythology, with insight into the situation of various countries and the ways of governing the world; he is smart and eloquent. Sima Qian's "Historical Records" said that he was "well-informed and strong-willed" and "skilled in rhetoric." In his 20s, he became the disciple of King Huai of Chu. Zuo Tu was only one level lower than the Ling Yin of Chu State. He discussed state affairs with the King of Chu internally, issued orders, received guests externally, and responded to the marquis.
The King of Chu trusted him very much and asked him to draft laws and sent him as an envoy to Qi to unite Qi against Qin. This shows that Qu Yuan was once an important official in the Chu State in charge of domestic and foreign affairs. However, his reform spirit and measures aroused the opposition and jealousy of the noble ministers of Chu State. Representatives of the opponents were King Huai of Chu's beloved concubine Zheng Xiu, his son Zilan, and Shangguan official Jin Shang. This group of people is short-sighted, jealous of the virtuous and harmful to the capable. They only want to protect their own aristocratic privileges, but they ignore the long-term interests of the country. But they were very powerful. They surrounded King Huai of Chu all day long and influenced King Huai's words and deeds. The confused King Huai of Chu believed the slander and gradually alienated Qu Yuan.
The first exile
(Northern Han region)
The first time Qu Yuan was exiled to the northern Han region was in the 16th year of King Chu Huai’s reign (upstream of the Han River). In 313 BC), in order to break the alliance between Chu and Qi, Qin State sent Zhang Yi with a lot of treasures to Chu State for activities. Zhang Yi bribed a group of powerful and favored ministers of the Chu State, and deceived the King of Chu, saying: "If the State of Chu can break off diplomatic relations with the State of Qi, the State of Qin is willing to donate more than 600 miles of land to Shang." However, King Huai of Chu was dimmed by his power. He didn't take it seriously and believed Zhang Yi's lies, so he awarded Zhang Yi the Prime Minister's Seal and made Zhang Yi the Prime Minister. He coveted the 600-mile commercial land and really broke off the alliance with Qi State. He also sent people to follow Zhang Yi to Qin State. receive the ground. After Zhang Yi returned to Qin, he pretended to be ill and did not see Chu envoys for three months. The stupid King Huai thought Zhang Yi was blaming him for not being firm enough in Jue Qi, so he sent someone to insult King Qi. The king of Qi was furious and broke off the alliance with Chu, and instead united with Qin. At this time, Zhang Yi came forward and said to the Chu envoy: "Why don't you accept the land? From a certain place to a certain place, it is six miles long and wide." The six hundred miles became six miles. The Chu envoy was very angry and returned to King Huai. King Huai was furious and launched two armies to attack Qin. However, he was defeated by Qin twice and lost 80,000 troops. More than 70 people, including General Qu Gai and General Pi Fenghou Chou, were captured by the Qin army, and a large area of ??land in Hanzhong was also occupied.
At this time, King Huai came to his senses and "regretted not using Qu Yuan's strategy", "so he reused Qu Yuan" and asked him to go to Qi as an envoy to rebuild the Chu-Qi alliance. After Qin defeated the Chu army twice, it was also afraid that Qi and Chu would resume their diplomatic relations, so he offered to return half of the Hanzhong land to seek peace. King Huai of Chu hated Zhang Yi so much that he wanted Zhang Yi's head instead of Hanzhong. King Qin Hui initially disagreed, but Zhang Yi confidently said: "I, Zhang Yi, can equal the land of Hanzhong, and I am willing to go to Chu. [11]" After Zhang Yi arrived in Chu, he bribed Zheng Xiu and Jin. After Shang Zhiliu made some sweet talk in front of King Chu Huai, King Chu Huai, who was extremely confused, actually let Zhang Yi go again; he even got married to King Qin. When Qu Yuan's envoys came back to explain their interests, King Huai wanted to recover Zhang Yi, but Zhang Yi had already disappeared without a trace. In this way, Chu State once again lost its trust with Qi State. In 305 BC, in the twenty-fourth year of King Huai of Chu, Chu once again joined Qi and went to Qin to welcome his bride. In the second year, King Huai met with King Qin in Huangji (now northeast of Xinye County, Henan Province) and accepted the money returned by Qin. The land of Shangyong (now Zhushan County, Hubei). Although Qu Yuan tried his best to oppose it at that time, the result was not only ineffective, but he was exiled for the first time, to the northern Han area (today's Ankang area and the upper reaches of the Han River).
In 303 BC, the twenty-sixth year of King Huai of Chu, the three kingdoms of Qi, Han, and Wei attacked Chu, accusing Chu of violating the treaty. Chu asked Qin for help and sent the prince to Qin as a hostage. The next year, the Prince of Chu killed Doctor Qin and fled back to Chu. In 301 BC, the twenty-eighth year of King Huai of Chu, Qin used this as an excuse to unite Qi, Han, and Wei to attack Chu, killed Chu general Tang Mei, and occupied Chongqiu (now northeast of Biyang County, Henan). The next year, he attacked Chu again and wiped out 20,000 Chu troops. He also killed Chu general Jing Que. At this time, the dim-witted King Huai remembered the importance of the Qi-Chu alliance again, and asked the prince to hold Qi hostage in order to ask the Qi-Chu alliance to fight against Qin. In 299 BC, Qin attacked Chu again and captured eight cities of Chu. Taking advantage of this situation, King Qin Zhao "invited" King Huai to meet at Wuguan (now east of Shang County, Shaanxi Province).
Qu Yuan had returned from his exile in northern Han Dynasty at this time. Together with Zhaoju and others, he urged King Huai not to attend the meeting, saying: "Qin, a country of tigers and wolves, cannot be trusted, and it is better to do nothing." But King Huai's youngest son Zilan was afraid of losing the favor of King Qin, so he tried his best to encourage King Huai to go. As a result, as soon as King Huai entered Wuguan, he was detained by the Qin army and taken to Xianyang, forcing him to cede Wu County and Qianzhong County. King Huai of Chu was kidnapped and taken to Xianyang. The prince of Chu was welcomed back by Qi and he was established as the king of Qingxiang. The prince Zilan was appointed as the commander. However, he refused to cede the land to Qin. Qin sent troops to attack Chu again, defeated the Chu army and beheaded 50,000 people. Take sixteen cities. In 296 BC, in the third year of King Qingxiang's reign, King Huai died in the state of Qin, and the state of Qin sent his body back to the state of Chu for burial. The people of Chu State sympathized with him as if they were mourning their own parents and brothers. The princes thought that Qin was unjust. Qin and Chu severed ties with each other.
Second Exile
(Jiangnan Region)
In 293 BC, the sixth year of King Qingxiang, the State of Qin sent Bai Qi to Yique to attack South Korea. A major victory was achieved and 240,000 people were beheaded. The State of Qin then sent a letter to the King of Chu saying: "The State of Chu has betrayed the State of Qin, and the State of Qin is preparing to lead the princes to attack the State of Chu to decide the outcome. I hope you can rectify your troops and fight happily." King Qingxiang of Chu was very worried. He planned to make peace with Qin again. Qu Yuan was absolutely intolerable. Like the people of Chu, he blamed Zilan for not persuading King Huai to enter Qin, which caused King Huai to die in Qin, and also for inciting King Qingxiang to surrender to Qin. He wrote poems and expressed his feelings about the Chu Kingdom, caring about the king and not forgetting his desire to rebel. He also pointed out that the reason why King Huai ended up in a foreign country was because "the so-called loyal ones are unfaithful, and the so-called virtuous ones are not loyal." He is not virtuous." This posed a threat to Zilan, so Zilan ordered Jin Shang to slander King Qingxiang, causing Qu Yuan to be exiled to a remote area in the south for the second time. The route of this exile was according to "Ai Ying" 》The analysis is that it starts from Yingdu (Jianling County, Hubei), first goes southeast along the river, passes through Xia Shou (southeast of Shashi, Hubei), looks into Longmen (east gate of Yingdu), enters the Yangtze River via Dongting Lake, and then leaves Xia. Pu (Hankou, Hubei), and finally to Lingyang (said to be the south of Qingyang County in present-day Anhui)
Expressing moods with poetry
From the sixth to the eighteenth year of King Qingxiang, The state of Chu was basically controlled by the state of Qin, and he bowed his head and did not dare to move. Qu Yuan was heartbroken about this, but he was helpless. Seeing that the country was getting weaker and the people's livelihood was becoming more difficult, he had no choice but to express his concern for the country and the people in poetry. p>
Throwing himself into the Miluo River
Later generations wrote about the scene before Qu Yuan's sinking:
After Qu Yuan was released, he swam in the rivers and lakes, wandering along the banks of the river, looking haggard. Describing it as haggard.
The fisherman saw it and asked, "You are not from the official Sanlv!" Why? ”
Qu Yuan said: “The whole world is turbid, but I alone am pure. Everyone is drunk, but I alone am awake. This is how I see freedom.” ”
The Fisherman said: “The sage is not stagnant in things, but can move with the world.” Everyone in the world is muddy, why not clear away the mud and make waves? Everyone is drunk, why not feed the drunkenness and swallow the drunkenness? Why do you think deeply and exalt yourself and let yourself go? ”
Qu Yuan said: “I have heard that those who are newly bathed must flick their crowns, and those who are newly bathed must shake their clothes. Is there anyone who can observe the body and receive the warmth of things?” I would rather go to Xiangliu and be buried in the belly of a river fish. How could An Neng be so white and covered in the dust of the world?
The fisherman smiled, drummed and went away, singing: "The water in Canglang is clear, so I can wash my tassel; the water in Canglang is turbid, I can wash my feet." "Then he left and said no more. [12]
Zigui——Hometown of Poets
Zigui is the hometown of Qu Yuan, the great poet in the Warring States Period of our country. It is located on the north bank of the Yangtze River. At the foot of Niushan Mountain, it is surrounded by city walls, shaped like a sloping gourd, and has a strong classical architectural style, so it is called "Gourd City" and because the city walls are made of stacked stones, it is also called "Stone City". It was established as a county in the Tang Dynasty. It was changed to Guizhou County in the first year of the Republic of China and Zigui County in the third year of the Republic of China. It is still in use today.
Legend has it that the name of Zigui County came from Qu Yuan's sister. Before Qu Yuan was exiled, she rushed back to comfort her younger brother. The scene was so touching that later generations changed the name of the county to "Sister Gui" to show their respect for this virtuous sister, which later evolved into the current name. "Zigui".
Most of Zigui's scenic spots are related to Qu Yuan. Outside the east gate of Zigui County, there is a tall archway with the words "Qu Yuan's Hometown" written in Guo Moruo's handwriting. They are respectively engraved with "Hometown of Qu Yuan, Doctor of Chu" and "Hometown of Wang Qiang, Emperor Zhaojun of Han Dynasty".
There is a beach between Zigui and Xiangxi. It is said that it is the burial place of Qu Yuan's body and was later named "Qu Yuan Tuoshang". There is Qu Yuan Temple. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, it has been relocated and repaired several times. Later, due to the construction of the Gezhouba Water Conservancy Project and the water level rising, this temple was built in 1976 and is now located in Xiangjiaping, east of Zigui City. . With the construction of the Three Gorges Project, Qu Yuan Temple will be relocated again.
There are many places of interest and legends about Qu Yuan, such as Xiangluping, Zhaomian Well, Reading Cave, and Three Corn Hills. It was once collected into "Eight Scenes" and a poem was written with the names of the sceneries: "When the dragon subdues the tiger and roars from the sky, the rural drum rock is connected to the drum beating platform." Looking at the cold in the well will kill you, and reading will reveal the talent of Li Sao. Corn grows in the hills in line with sentiments, and pearls drop in the valley.
Locking the water back to the bank of the Dragon Hanze, the three passes and eight scenery are better than Penglai."
Zigui is also the hometown of citrus with a long history. Qu Yuan once wrote about the tangerine trees in his famous poem "Ode to Oranges" in Qu Yuan Temple. The image and character of Zigui have been deeply described. Today, Zigui has become one of the seven major citrus production bases in my country. In late autumn, it is full of citrus forests, green branches and saffron fruits, which is picturesque.
There is another interesting thing worth mentioning in Qu Yuan’s hometown. The cattle here do not wear ropes, but they can obey orders. When Qu Yuan was coming home from Chudu, the rope used by the waiter to pick up the slips broke immediately. Untie the cow nose rope and give it to him. From then on, the cattle here no longer use the cow nose rope.
Zongzi originated from the memory of Qu Yuan
According to "The Biography of Qu Yuan and Jia Sheng" in "Historical Records". "According to records, Qu Yuan was a minister of King Huai of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period. He advocated the promotion of talents and talents, enriched the country and strengthened the army, and advocated uniting Qi to resist Qin. However, he was strongly opposed by the aristocrat Zilan and others. Qu Yuan was dismissed from his post and was expelled. Capital, he was exiled to the Yuan and Xiang River basins. In his exile, he wrote immortal poems such as "Li Sao", "Heavenly Questions" and "Nine Songs", which were concerned about the country and the people. They were unique in style and had far-reaching influence (thus, the Dragon Boat Festival Also known as Poet's Day). In 278 BC, the Qin army captured Kyoto, the state of Chu. Qu Yuan was heartbroken when he saw his homeland being invaded, but he could not bear to abandon his homeland. On May 5th, he wrote his last words. After writing "Huaisha", he bouldered into the Miluo River and died, composing a magnificent patriotic movement with his own life.
Legend has it that after Qu Yuan's death, the people of Chu State were extremely sad and flocked to Miluo. They went to pay homage to Qu Yuan by the river. The fishermen rowed their boats up and down the river to retrieve his body. When the lobsters and crabs were full, they would not bite Dr. Qu's body. After seeing this, an old doctor took a jar of realgar wine and poured it into the river, saying that it would stun the dragons and water animals so as not to harm Dr. Qu. . Later, for fear that the rice balls would be eaten by dragons, people came up with the idea of ??wrapping the rice with neem leaves and wrapping it with colorful silk.
Later, on the fifth day of May every year, there were dragon boat races. The custom of eating rice dumplings and drinking realgar wine is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan.
The people of Chu State miss Qu Yuan very much. It is said that the customs of eating rice dumplings and dragon boat racing are related to Qu Yuan's death. , the food that people offered as sacrifices to Qu Yuan was snatched away by the dragon, but the dragon was afraid of neem leaves and five-color silk threads, so people wrapped rice into brown rice to worship Qu Yuan; it is said that the dragon boat race was to salvage Qu Yuan's body. These legends are not reliable (one is to commemorate the training of the navy by King Gou Jian of Yue), but they fully reflect people's love for Qu Yuan and illustrate Qu Yuan's status in people's minds.
Another legend. Local people threw rice dumplings to feed the fish to prevent Qu Yuan's body from being eaten by the fish. Later, it gradually formed a ritual on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month every year as the Dragon Boat Festival. People eat rice dumplings and row dragon boats to commemorate this great patriotic poet. According to Yiduo's "Dragon Boat Examination", the Dragon Boat Festival existed in the Wuyue area before Qu Yuan threw himself into the river. However, from Qu Yuan's death more than 2,200 years ago to today, the mainstream of Chinese society has always recognized that the Dragon Boat Festival worships Qu Yuan.
Qu Yuan's famous saying: The road is long and long, and I will search up and down. (Qu Yuan·Li Sao) I took a long breath to cover my tears, lamenting the hardships of the people's lives. (Qu Yuan·Li Sao) I have a good heart, and even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets. (Qu Yuan·Li Sao) The whole world is turbid, but I alone am clear; everyone is drunk, but I alone am awake. (Qu Yuan, Fisherman) I cannot change my mind and follow the vulgar ways, so I will be miserable and end up poor. (Qu Yuan·Shejiang) The remaining general Dong Dao did not hesitate, and the general fell into coma for the rest of his life. (Qu Yuan·Shejiang) Gou Yu has an upright heart, so why does it hurt him even if he is far away? (Qu Yuan·Shejiang) A hundred gold can buy a fine horse, a thousand gold can buy a beauty, and ten thousand gold can buy a high nobility. Where can I buy youth? The water of the waves is clear, you can wash my clothes. The water of the wolf is turbid, you can wash my feet to ride on the horse. With galloping, I came to Dafu to take the lead...
Main Works
Qu Yuan was a poet. From him, China has become famous for literature in the world. writer. He founded the literary style of "Chu Ci" (that is, he founded the literary style of "Ci Fu"), and is known as "a poet of a different generation." According to the "Hanshu Yiwenzhi", he left behind 25 works. Although there is still some doubt as to whether some chapters were written by Qu Yuan, it is still clear that the majority are written by Qu Yuan.
For example, "Li Sao" is Qu Yuan's most important representative work.
"Li Sao"
"Nine Chapters"
"Nine Songs"
"Tianwen"
"Sorrow"
"Huaisha"
World Cultural Celebrity
Qu Yuan was a poet who loved his motherland. He was very loyal to his motherland and resisted powerful enemies. In line with the people of Chu State. Although he failed politically, the large number of poems he left behind greatly inspired the Chu people's determination to avenge their humiliation and restore their motherland. He played a huge role in overthrowing Qin Dynasty and reviving Chu State. The development of history has not only not diluted the people's memory of Qu Yuan, but also expanded Qu Yuan's influence. After World War II, 75 famous figures from 17 countries jointly launched the "World Congress for the Defense of Peace". In 1953, the World Peace Council, which held the World Peace Conference in Moscow, decided to list Qu Yuan as a world cultural celebrity and called on people all over the world to solemnly commemorate him. Qu Yuan's name will always remain in the hearts of people around the world. At that time, the People's Republic of China had just been founded. In order to respond to the World Peace Conference and strive for international status, the People's Republic of China and the Ministry of Culture decided to form a "Qu Yuan Research Group" composed of Guo Moruo, You Guoen, Zheng Zhenduo, Wen Huaisha and others, and assigned Qu Yuan to His works were compiled into collections and published in vernacular form.