The character soup is one of the earliest written symbols in Chinese characters that appeared in history. Therefore, there are records of the symbol for soup in pottery inscriptions, simplified books, oracle bone inscriptions, bronze inscriptions, and silk inscriptions in ancient China. According to textual research, the symbol "氵zao" included in the "Ancient Pottery Dictionary" is the oldest pictographic symbol for the character Tang. From the analysis of the character shape, the character Tang is like the rising sun. Because the sun is on the water, it As the meaning of the word. Because before the Han Dynasty, text symbols could be disassembled and combined, the character "Zhao" was also broken down into ten days. The "Haiwai Dong Jing" proves: "There are hibiscus on the Tang Valley, and the ten days are bathed in it." Therefore, the ten days are both soups. However, because the Tang symbol is related to the history of the development of the Yi people, the Tang symbol has also become diversified. It was not until the Tang Dynasty that the Tang symbol was unified. Therefore, if we want to uncover the process of the tang symbol from diversification to unity, we must combine it with the development history of the people to make up for this peculiar surname gap.
My ancestral home is Linchuan, Jiangxi. In 1951, my father, Tang Zhanyun, moved his family to Beijing. Therefore, I was fortunate to be born in the capital. Although I have never returned to my hometown, every holiday, I visit my relatives and friends in Beijing and Tianjin. People gathered in my house to reminisce about the nostalgia, so the local accent and nostalgia have been lingering in my heart since I was a child. Due to the blood relationship, I am very curious about the origin of the "Tang" family and always want to solve the mystery of my blood relationship. In 1985, I was the director of the circulation department and reporter of Economic Weekly, so I took advantage of the opportunity to inspect Shanghai and Hangzhou, and took a ride from Hangzhou to Nanchang, Jiangxi Province. My ancestral home is Lidu Town, Linchuan County, which is now part of Jinxian County, Nanchang City. It is one of the four ancient towns in Jiangxi. The Lidu Town shochu workshop site is the oldest, has the most relics, the most relics, and the longest duration ever discovered in China. , the ancient shochu workshop site with the most distinctive local characteristics, is known as one of the six major archaeological discoveries in China in 2002. Its history of producing fireworks is very long. The fireworks it produced have brought honor to the country at the East Asian Games and the 50th National Day Ceremony, so Lidu Town is known as the "Hometown of Firecrackers". The writing brush is one of the four treasures of the study in China. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Lidu Town began to manufacture writing brushes and spread to Wengang Town. Lidu Town founded Zhou Huchen's Pen Shop in Shanghai, Li Dinghe's Pen Shop in Wuhu, Anhui, and Wengang Town in Hubei. Ziguangge Brush Shop founded in Wuhan and Zhejiang Hu Brush Shop are known as the "Four Major Brush Shops in China". For this reason, my hometown is also known as the "Hometown of Brush Pens". Nowadays, every county and city in China has a medical device office in Lidu Town, so my hometown is also called the "Hometown of Medical Devices". These three pillar industries have won honors for my hometown, so Lidu Town has been rated as a national model. town.
My ancestral home, Tangjiagang, Chaibukou, Lidu Town, is backed by Jinshan Mountain and faces Ru River. It is surrounded by mountains and rivers and is extremely beautiful. It has a history of more than a thousand years since my great ancestor moved from Yongzhou (Xiangyang, Hubei Province, called "Yongzhou" in Tang Dynasty) to settle here and established a business in the Song Dynasty. This is the first time I have returned to the hometown where my ancestors have lived for generations. I saw two rows of huge stone tablets towering at the head of Tangcun. One square is inscribed with "Zhongshan Excellent"; the other is written with "Jade Tea Liufang". After further research, we found out that "Zhongshan" is the emblem of the Tang clan; and "Yu Ming" is the title of Tang Xianzu, the master of drama in the Ming Dynasty. Mr. Tang Youcai, the elder of the clan, saw that I had come from afar and specially asked me to read the Eighth Edition of "The Genealogy of the Tang Family" compiled by my grandfather, Princess Tang Mingsun, in the first year of Xuantong in the Qing Dynasty (1909). According to the "Tang Family Genealogy" in Linchuan, "Genealogy" records: Linchuan Tang family originated from Wenfang, Suzhou, Jiangsu. During the reign of Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty, Tang Baotinggong, the 36th great ancestor of Wenfang, Suzhou, served as the doctor of Xuanwei on Fuzhou Road. He died in the line of duty because he led the Tang army to defeat Huang Chao in the battle. Emperor Xizong of the Tang Dynasty He gave Duke Tang Baoting the title of "Gong" and the posthumous title of "Zhongyong". He ordered Feiyan to be buried in Wenfang Bei, Linchuan, Fuzhou, and he went to Hushan. A temple was built in Changchun for the people of the county to pay their respects. There were also poems written by Yan Shu, the Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty, and poems written by Wang Anshi, the Prime Minister of the Song Dynasty. As evidence. The five sons of Tang Baoting were ordered to move their family to Linchuan and live in a cottage on the side of Wenfang. My 35th great ancestor Tang Degong was the third son of Tang Baoting Gong. He was a Jinshi of Tang Dynasty and served as Wenlinlang of Xiangyang, Hubei Province. Therefore, my Sanfang clan moved out of Linchuan and settled in Xiangyang. Because Xiangyang was immigrated from Yongzhou during the Tang Dynasty, it was also called "Southern Yongzhou". In the Song Dynasty, the 29th generation of our ancestors, the Fourth Duke, moved back to Linchuan to avoid war. He saw that Lidu Chaibu Port controlled Nanchang and Jiujiang, and governed Fuzhou and Nancheng. It was the central hub of water transportation in Jiangxi. The mountains are clear and the water is beautiful, and water transport is prosperous, so you can build a house next to Jinshan Mountain and Ru River. As the family gradually became a prominent family in Jiangyou, the place was called "Tangjiagang" in the Qing Dynasty. Because the Tang family originated from Zhongshan, it was called "Zhongshan Tang family". Because I was not acclimated, I went to the Tang family's ancestral tomb in Zhangjiayu (today's Lidu Fireworks City) to pay homage to the ancestral tomb, and then took the bus back to Beijing.
Before leaving, Mr. Tang Youcai respectfully asked for the Nine Revised "Tang Family Genealogy" that my grandfather Mr. Tang Mingsun majored in in 1947, and solemnly handed it over to me to take back to Beijing for safekeeping.
Since I had the honor to take over the genealogy of my family, in order to uncover the mystery of the "Zhongshan" of the Tang family, I have read all the twenty-four histories of China and all the county annals and records collected by the National Library. "Tang Family Tree" initially determined that Dingxian County, Hebei Province (the area around Tangxian and Dingxian County, Hebei Province) is inextricably linked to my family's emblem. According to ancient historical records: Dingxian County belonged to the "Tang Dynasty" in ancient times. In ancient times, the emperors Nuwa, Di Ku, Di Zhi, Tang Yao and Danzhu were all named "Tanghou" here. Because in ancient times, Tang and Tang had the same pronunciation. Therefore, it is also called "Tang Hou". During the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the Xianyu Baidi people established the Zhongshan Kingdom here, so Zhongshan County was established here in the early Han Dynasty. According to the "Tang Family Genealogy" in Yiyang, Hunan: Tang Zhenlin, a native of Chenliu County, Henan, served as the ruler of Jinghu (Hubei) during the Tang Dynasty. He was granted the title of Zhongshan County and was given the posthumous title of "Wen Yi Gong". His descendants are known as "Zhongshan Tang Family". However, the Tang family in Jurong, Jiangsu during the Han Dynasty and the Tang family in Guichi, Anhui during the Jin Dynasty had already claimed to be the Zhongshan family, indicating that the origin of the Zhongshan Tang family should be earlier than the Tang Dynasty. Dian said: "The Chinese character means Qi, Yin, and Ji." Therefore, Qi State can also be called Zhongshan State; and Yin and Shang Dynasty can be called "Central Dynasty". Based on this, the Zhongshan family can be traced back to the founder of Yin and Shang Dynasty. Prince Tangwu arrives. The history says: "Jizhou is among the best in the world." The name Jizhou first appeared in the Fuxi era. The Gong family lived here and proclaimed themselves emperor. However, he was executed in Jizhou by his mother-in-law Nuwa, so Jizhou became the emperor. During the period of Yao and Shun, Jizhou was one of the nine states designated by Dayu. Because Yao, Shun, and Yu all proclaimed themselves emperors and established their capitals in the Yuncheng area of ??Shanxi Province, the Yuncheng area of ??Shanxi Province was undoubtedly among the best in the world and was one of the cradle of the Chinese nation. In ancient times, the emperor's jurisdiction was thousands of miles. The Tibeto-Burman language said: "The king of thousands of miles is Tang." Therefore, the ancient emperor was named "Tang", so soup is a symbol of the sun and the king; "The Biography of Xun Shuang" proves: "The soup is in the sky. The sun is fire on the ground." For example, Tuan (Tang) Nuwa, Tang (Tang) Yao, Tang Sun (Xia Shaokang), Cheng Tang, etc. are all respected as "Tang". Tang gradually evolved from the title of Emperor to a surname. Therefore, the surname Tang has the polysemy, polymorphism, polyphony, and changeable conditions of the original surname, and has the function of dividing the clan. Therefore, the surname Tang has become the first surname of the Chinese nation. In the Zhou Dynasty, China began to implement the "posthumous law" and "taboo" systems, which strictly prohibited the use of the name of the ancient emperor as a surname. Therefore, the surname Tang has been derived from thousands of clans, so the surname Tang is the source of thousands of clans. and Tang's are completely different concepts.
So does Prince Tangwu have anything to do with Jizhou? What is the relationship between Zhongshan and King Tangwu? "Wenxi County Chronicle" says: "Zhongtiao Mountain is also called Tangwang Mountain." There is a Tang Temple built on the mountain. Weng Tonghe said: "There is a Tang Temple and a Qiu Pond. Prayers for rain are always answered, but the drought is like this." It can be seen from this that since Zhongtiao Mountain is Zhongshan, King Tangwu is the master of Zhongshan. "Yuncheng Chronicle" says: "Zhongtiao Mountain connects Huayue to the west and Taihang to the east. It stretches for 300 miles and is in the middle, so it is named Zhongtiao Mountain." Sanjia Village at the junction of Yuncheng and Xia County at the northern foot of Zhongtiao Mountain Xiangtangli is said to be the former residence of Chengtang. "Yuncheng Chronicle" says: "Tangli is said to be the hometown of King Wu of Tang Dynasty in Shang Dynasty." In order to confirm this argument in "Yuncheng Chronicle", in November 1990, I made a special trip to the Yuncheng area of ??Shanxi Province for research. The Yuncheng area governs seven counties and cities, including Yuncheng, Linyi County, Wanrong County, Pinglu County, Xia County, Yongji County, and Ruicheng County. Du Dongming, Vice Chairman of the Yuncheng Area Federation of Literary and Art Circles, Fan Jinying, Chairman of the Yuncheng Federation of Literary and Art Circles, and Shanxi Accompanied by Fan Xiaoli, a reporter from Shanxi Pictorial of the Provincial Propaganda Department, and others, we inspected cultural relics in Yuncheng City, Xia County, and Yongji County. There is a Baili Salt Pond in Yuncheng, which is the largest inorganic salt producing area in China and an indispensable material basis for ancient humans. The Yin Shang tribe started their business by selling salt and became a famous clan.
According to historical records: Yin Qi, the third son of Emperor Ku, is the ancestor of the Yin Shang clan. "Supplementary Records" records: "The goddess Jian Di was traveling in the mulberry fields and saw a black bird (swallow) leaving eggs on the On the ground, there were eight hundred characters written in five colors. Di picked it up and put it in a jade basket, covered with red silk. It takes one year to conceive, and it takes 14 months to give birth to a child." After Tang Yao became emperor, he worshiped his third brother Yin Qi as his disciple, who was in charge of the education of various tribes. Yin Qi believed that he was born from a swallow's egg. After Yu Shun came to the throne. The deed was given the surname "Zi". Can human beings really be born from bird eggs? I think this is the ancient myth about totems. In fact, Ziqi was the leader of the Black Bird Tribe who used the swallow as his totem in ancient times. Ziqi was first named Fanhou, and "Shiben Ju Pian" said: "Qiju Fan." Fanyinpan, so he was also called "Panhou". Ziqi assisted Dayu in flood control, and due to his merits, he was granted the title of Shang (Shangzhou, Shaanxi Province) with a jurisdiction of 70 miles.
Ziqi's son Zhaoming was good at cultivating goods and created a commercial culture, so the princes called their clan: "Shang clan". Xiangtu, the son of Zhaoming, invented the horse-drawn carriage to solve the problem of cargo transportation. , Xiangcheng, Mazhuang, Maqijian and other place names. After Xiangtu led his troops to move to Shangqiu, Henan to establish the country, "The Biography of the Zuo Family in the Spring and Autumn Period? The 9th Year of Duke Xiang" records: "The Tao Tang Family's Huo Zhenglan Bo lived in Shangqiu and worshiped the fire, and the fire was recorded in time. Therefore, Xiangtu, Therefore, the business owner was in trouble." In his later years, Xiangtu settled in Huaibei County, Anhui, and built Xiangtu City in Xiangshan. The Suishui River flowed here and became the mother river of merchants. Changruo, the son of Xiangtu, and Cao Yu, his grandson, experienced regent Yi and Hanzhuo's chaos in the Xia Dynasty. When Mingshi, Cao Yu's son, was granted the title of Sikong for his contribution to helping Xia Shao recover the country, he was in charge of water and soil. In the 11th year of Xia Shaokang's reign, the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River often flooded due to river sand siltation. In order to eradicate the floods, the emperor ordered Ming to lead his merchants to control the water. Ming led his troops to move to Pinglushan City in Yuncheng, Shanxi. Because it was located in the Xian (salt) pond of Yuncheng, the salt ( Salt) pond is also called "Mingze". "Road History? Records of Country Names" says: "Ming is Shanye, and there is Shancheng 20 miles northeast of Pinglu in Shaanxi (Shanxi)." Ming had been controlling water for more than 20 years. Due to overwork, he drowned and died in the 13th year of Emperor Shu's reign in Xia. Respected as the "Water God". "Jijie" Song Zhong said: "Ming was Sikong, diligent in his official duties, died in the water, and lived in the suburbs of the Yin people."
Xuanming's descendants Wang Hai, Shangjiawei, Baoding, and Baoyi , Baobing, Shiren, and Zhugui successively inherited Juelu. Their tribes were mainly active in Yuncheng and Lucheng in the Zhongtiao Mountains of Shanxi Province, trafficking in inorganic salts and colonizing the feudal lords. Wang Hai invented the oxcart to solve the problem of carrying heavy loads. The oxen we saw in the countryside of Yuncheng were very similar to the iron oxen unearthed in Zhenhe, Kaiyuan, Tang Dynasty. It seemed that we saw Wang Hai domesticating bison and driving the chariot here. During the Wei Dynasty of Shangjia, the Shang clan began to compete in the Central Plains, wiped out the Yi clan, and took away their position as the Imperial Guards of Japan. As a result, the Shang clan took over the Yitai (Observatory) of the Xia Dynasty after the Yi clan, and renamed it "Lingtai". Huangfu Mi said: "When a businessman gives birth to a son, he is named after the sun, which dates back to Wei." Shangjiawei established its capital in Lucheng, Shanxi, so the place name of Lucun can also be seen in Yuncheng. Zhugui lived in Yuncheng and was close to the Fudu tribe in Luti Mountain (Yiyang County, Luoyang, Henan), so he married Fudu. One day, Fudu went out to the countryside at night, and saw white gas penetrating the moon, and the spirit of the wolf star fell into his sleep at night. , the black dragon is coiled in the tent, so she becomes pregnant and gives birth to a son on Day Yi. Zhugui believed that this son was the son of the Emperor of Heaven, so he named him "Tianyi" because he was born on the day of Yi. Tianyi grew up at the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain since he was a child. When he was a little older, he started doing business with his father. Because his family moved erratically, his footprints were left all over the world, so the princes called him "Zilu". When we inspected the towns of Yuncheng, we saw a large number of place names related to the Shang people, such as Tangli, Tanglitan, Zhongduli, and Zhongyangli. It was as if we had entered an ancient Shang natural museum. It was a coincidence of history. , or a relic of history? It leaves us with a profound historical suspense.
Tangli is located in Sanjia Village at the junction of Yuncheng City and Xia County at the northern foot of Zhongtiao Mountain. In the Ming Dynasty, it belonged to the 4th capital of Xiaming Township, Anyi County. In the Qing Dynasty, it was renamed Tangduanli, and today it is restored to Tangli. original name. But Tangli no longer has any historical relics related to King Tang Wu. On the high ground east of the road outside the north gate of Tangli Village, there is a site where ancient humans lived. It is 1,000 meters long from east to west and 150 meters wide from north to south. The thickness of the cultural layer is 1.5 meters. The exposed relics include black pottery shards, corded pottery shards, large tripod pottery shards, stone axes, pottery rings and other items. The reserves are relatively rich. Experts in cultural relics have identified it as a Neolithic Age site. Tangli Beach at the south gate of Tangli is located between Sanjiazhuang Township and Dongguo Township. It is a large natural beach that protects the salt pond. This may be the salt merchant's lake of Zilu. Through the research of place names such as Zhongtiao Mountain, Zhongduli, Zhongyangli, Tangwang Mountain, Tangmiao, Tangli, Tanglitan, etc., the emblem of "Zhongshan Tang" is indeed closely related to this. In his early years, Zilu lived at the foot of Zhongtiao Mountain, so he was across the river from the Youxin family (Dali County, Shaanxi Province). "Kuo Di Zhi" says: "The ancient city of Xin State was 20 miles south of Hexi County in Tongzhou (Dali)." Therefore, the two families married and moved south to Shang (Shangqiu, Henan) and Cao (Cao County, Shandong). Seeing that Xia Jie was unruly, Zilu rebelled. He first defeated Xia Bo Kunwu (there was Kunwu town in Yuncheng), and then defeated Xia Jie in Mingtiao (Yuncheng Mingtiaomo), and established the Shang-Yin Central Dynasty, known as "Chengtiao". Tang", because Tang believed that he was a descendant of Cheng Tang, he took "Zhongshan" as his hall name, and over time it became the family emblem.
In fact, the name Zhongshan already existed tens of thousands of years ago. Tang Gu founded the "Middle Kingdom", so his place of residence was called "Zhongshan", and his daughter-in-law Nuwa inherited it. The name of the country was passed on to the Central Kingdom, and the place name was transplanted to Dingxian County, Hebei Province. The Chinese translation was changed to "Qiguo", and the navel was the philtrum, so Qi and Zhong used interchangeably, so Dingxian County was called "Zhongshan" in ancient times. After the Central Dynasty of Shang and Yin inherited "Zhongshan", with the continuous migration of the Shang and Yin people, the place name Zhongshan was also broadcast throughout the land of China. The Tang family was a later surname of the Yin and Shang people, and inherited the surname of Emperor Tang. Symbol, no matter where the Tang family moved, they always believed that they were in the center of the earth, and transplanted Zhongshan as the origin of their surname to wherever they moved, so the place name of Zhongshan spread throughout the country. We have not found any settlements with the Tang surname in the hometown of King Tang Wu. According to the 1994 census in Yuncheng City, the population of the Tang family in the city was only 48. Based on this statistics, it is not difficult to see that the current Tang family in Yuncheng immigrated in the later period and has nothing to do with the Zhongshan Tang surname.
According to historical records: China has implemented a policy of avoiding taboos since the Zhou Dynasty, especially not using the name of the ancient emperor as a surname. Therefore, the surname Tang has been changed in various historical periods, and the surname Tang has gradually been submerged. in the long river of history. At the same time, other surnames were changed to Tang in different historical periods due to avoidance of taboos, taboos, and disasters. This is now the later surname "Tang". The surnames that can be found in history books include Dang, Yu, Yang (Yang), Tang, Yin, Pan, Kang, Chang, Zhu, Zhang, Dang, Mei, and Yuan , Liang, Song, Wen, Le, Yi, Yu, He and other surnames were changed to the Tang surname, as well as the Tsou clan of the Gaoshan people, the Sa surname of the Mongolian people, the beard clan of the Tibetan people, the Khitan Tangkuo clan, and the Manchu clan The Tang family and the Yamato ethnic group of Japan changed to the Tang family, and now the Han, Mongolian, Tujia, Miao, Dong, She, Bai, Shui, Dai, Gaoshan, Hui, Zhuang, Tibetan, Qiang, Buyi, Li, and Hani ethnic groups There are Tang clan among the , Sani and Lisu tribes. Today, the total population of Tang family only accounts for 0.21% of China's total population; also said: 0.19%, ranking 90th in China's population. Although the Tang family only belongs to the middle clan, the emblem of "Zhongshan" has been continued.