Siyang fangzun
Bronze statue prevailed in Shang Dynasty and Western Zhou Dynasty, and it was a drinking utensil. This square statue of Four Sheep is the largest existing bronze square statue of Shang Dynasty in China, weighing 34kg. With its unique shape, it should be included in the treasure house of cultural relics. Fang Zun of Siyang is a bronze ware in the late Shang Dynasty and early Shang Dynasty. Belonging to ritual vessels and sacrificial articles. It is the largest Fang Zun among the existing Shang bronzes in China, with a height of 58.3 cm and a weight of nearly 34.5 kg. 1938 Unearthed at Zhuanlun mountainside, Yueshanpu, Huangcun, Ningxiang County, Hunan Province. It is now in the National Museum of China.
Ancient cooking tripod with hollow legs
Cookware for ancient cooking. At first, bronze was made according to the existing Tao Ge in the Neolithic Age. Its shape is generally small mouth (mouth tilted outward), with three hollow feet, which is convenient for cooking and heating.
Tongwei was popular from Shang Dynasty to Spring and Autumn Period. There were many ears in the early Shang dynasty, and there were two straight ears at the mouth edge in the later period. In the early Western Zhou Dynasty, most of them had high neck and short feet, and often had ears. From the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the Spring and Autumn Period, it was mostly folded along the edge and folded into an arc crotch without ears; Some bellies are decorated with ribs.
In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there was a square, rectangular in shape, with a door that could be opened and closed at the lower part, and charcoal was put in the door. One of the collections in the Palace Museum also shows the image of a slave being punished as a gatekeeper in front of the door.
Shangzun
Wine container. Castings in the late Shang Dynasty. The old things of the Qing Palace are now in the Palace Museum. The original instrument is 45.5 cm high and 38 cm wide. Big opening, wide overlapping shoulders, high round feet. There are four three-dimensional elephant heads at the four corners of the shoulder, and four double-angle elephant heads in the middle of the shoulder. The neck is decorated with banana leaf patterns, and the shoulders and circles are decorated with bird patterns. The face of a large animal with serrated horns on its abdomen and feet. The serrated horns of the feet are carved in the shape of a dragon. The four corners of the vessel and the center line of each wall are ribbed, and the upper end is slightly out of the mouth of the vessel, which is solemn in image.
fǔ
Seal script is an instrument for holding millet, millet, sorghum, rice and other meals during ancient sacrifices and banquets. "Scheeren": "All sacrifices * * *" The basic shape of a hairpin is a rectangular container. The lid and the container body have the same shape and size and are symmetrical up and down, so they are integrated and divided into two containers. Hairpin appeared in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, mainly prevailing in the early spring and autumn of western weekends, and disappeared after the late Warring States period.
Animal face flat foot tripod
The flat-footed tripod with animal face pattern is a bronze ritual vessel in Shang Dynasty. It is 3 1. 1 cm high, 24.2 cm in diameter and weighs 4850 grams. Casted in 14 ~ 1 1 century BC, it is now in Shanghai Museum.
Ding is a big category of bronze ritual vessels, which was used in ancient society as a symbol of the ruling class's hierarchy and power. Ding has many uses, such as cook the meat, sacrifice and banquet.
The tripod with flat feet has been handed down from generation to generation, and it is rarely unearthed. There are two kinds of feet: dragon-shaped and bird-shaped, with dragon-shaped being the most; Shapes and sizes vary, and most of them are very small. The flat-footed tripod with animal face pattern is large, with ears, square lips, shallow belly bottom and three dragon-shaped flat feet under it. Each flat foot is thin and wide on both sides, with dense and vigorous dragon patterns. In addition to highlighting the characteristics of the faucet, there are scales on the body, symbolizing Long Lin. The dragon tail is obliquely rolled into a landing support point, which makes the whole tripod feel stable, thus enhancing the momentum of modeling.
The pattern of animal face flat-footed tripod is very exquisite. Its abdomen is decorated with a long nose animal pattern, and the animal eyes are in the middle of the pattern, omitting other features of the head. There is a long curly nose in front, and the tail at the back is curled down like a long nose. This symmetrical form of curled nose and curled tail is impossible in mammals, but it is quite harmonious from the structure of the pattern, which reflects the designer's familiarity with the pattern rules.
The ear frame is very thin, the middle hole is very large, and the mouth edge is folded outwards. The long-nosed animal pattern on the abdomen and the unclear boundary between the main pattern and the ground pattern are all characteristics of bronze wares in the middle period of Yin Ruins. The design of this tripod is harmonious from the whole to the part, and there is no other unnecessary decoration. With a very high level of craftsmanship, it is a rare bronze art treasure.
Panlong gluttonous bronze head
Year of manufacture: Shang
Material: bronze
Specification: height 50 cm, caliber 17.4 cm.
Collection location: Sichuan Provincial Museum
introduce
The purpose of a pot is similar to that of a pot. It is a large container for wine or water. The shape of the pot began in the late Shang Dynasty and became popular in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period. Its number is small, and its basic forms are only round and square, with more of the former and less of the latter.
This device has a mouth, a neck, a round shoulder, a lower abdomen and a high foot ring. The cover is a basin cover, the buckle is dragon-shaped, the edge of the cover is thunder-patterned, the shoulders are two rings of ears, and the body is decorated with two dragon patterns. The abdomen is decorated with two gluttonous lines, and the circle feet are covered with thunder lines and real words. The whole body takes fine thunder patterns as the ground, and the overall decoration is exquisite and gorgeous, with verve and verve.
There are two ways to decorate: one is that the patterns are all over the body, and the other is that the patterns are only concentrated in a few important parts, and the rest are plain colors. In the past, patterned utensils were much more expensive than non-patterned utensils, so the fake author carved fake patterns on the usually non-patterned jars. No matter how clever the counterfeiter is, he can't make up for the rust-free lettering. If there are rust spots, you can dig them with your nails or water them with boiling water. If it is dropped, it is a fake.
A is a bronze ritual vessel, which prevailed in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Generally, it is a vessel for holding naked wine ceremony (the ritual ceremony of pouring wine into the ground in ancient times), and it can also be used to warm wine.
Feng zhuzuo
Phoenix pillar was cast in the late Shang Dynasty. The original vessel has a height of 4 1 cm, a diameter of19.5cm and a weight of 2.9 kg. 1973 Unearthed in hejia village, Qishan County, Shaanxi Province, and now in Shaanxi Provincial Museum of History.
There are 35 bronzes unearthed in the same tomb, among which the phoenix pillar is the most exquisite. There are two rows along the mouth, three triangular pyramid feet, and the bottom of the device protrudes slightly outward, and a high-crowned phoenix is placed at the top of each row. The bird stood with a crown, round eyes and bulging eyes. Its graceful and robust figure and posture symbolize the vitality of life, with strong decorative effect and artistic modeling. Abdominal ornamentation is divided into upper and lower sections, both of which are gluttonous patterns composed of Yun Leiwen. The cross section of this segmented coffin is T-shaped, which is similar to similar objects in the second phase of Yin Ruins, but the pattern is slightly changed.
Phoenix is the king of birds. It has always been regarded as a symbol of good luck and happiness and a metaphor of love. As early as 3000 years ago, it was idealized and endowed with various mysterious colors.
Phoenix bird, as a bronze ware, has many decorative patterns and different expressions, showing its extraordinary charm. However, most of these decorative patterns are line carvings, while the phoenix birds on the double pillars of the phoenix column are round carvings, which are quite rare in this kind of wine vessels, reflecting the profound attainments of bronze plastic arts in Shang Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago.
Gluttony is a fictional mysterious monster. This monster has no body, only a big head and a big mouth. It is very greedy and eats everything it sees. Because it ate too much, it finally choked to death. This is a symbol of greed. Is the ninth son of the East China Sea Dragon King.
Gluttony pattern [gluttonous head on ancient bronze wares]
This kind of gluttonous decorative pattern first appeared on the Liangzhu cultural jade in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River 5,000 years ago. "Lu Chunqiu? There is a cloud in "The First Knowledge": "Zhou Ding is greedy, and he has Kubinashi's body. It is harmful for him to eat people without swallowing them. "Gluttonous patterns are found on the bronzes of Erlitou culture and Xia culture. Take the bridge of the nose as the center line and arrange symmetrically on both sides, usually the lower lip. Gluttony patterns appear on bronzes, especially on ding. There are many types of gluttonous patterns in Shang and Zhou Dynasties, some of which are like dragons, tigers, cows, sheep and deer. Others are birds, phoenixes and people. The name "gluttonous pattern" did not exist in ancient times, but was named by Song people when epigraphy rose. The most perfect gluttonous mask is 2 1.0 cm high, which is now in Seattle Library, USA. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, its mystery gradually declined.
Ancient is a kind of drinking vessel popular from Shang Dynasty to early Western Zhou Dynasty. The whole body is divided into three sections, the upper mouth and thin neck are containers, the middle abdomen is solid, which is called "fake" abdomen in archaeology, and the lower part is round foot. This modeling design conforms to the mechanical principle, reduces the center of gravity, enhances the stability of the vessel, and looks exquisite and chic without losing composure and solemnity. The most basic combination of wine vessels in Shang Dynasty was a glass of pouring wine. There are also combinations with others. Its shape is cylindrical, its body is tall and thin, mostly trumpet-shaped, and its whole body is X-shaped. In the Shang and Zhou Dynasties, wine bottles were not ordinary drinking utensils, and there was an idiom "I can't carry them myself", which meant that the number of wine bottles was related to the status, personality and capacity of the drinker, and only people with high taste could use them.
Zhang sweet
Zhang Tian was a drinking vessel in the early Western Zhou Dynasty. The original vessel is 26 cm high and 65438 05 cm in diameter. Now in the Anyang team of the Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Open and tie the neck, thick square lips, inconspicuous abdomen, high circle feet. The neck is decorated with back leaf pattern and scale edge decoration. The abdomen is decorated with symmetrical letters, and the circle foot is decorated with hook-nose animal patterns. There are four triangular ridges from the neck to the circle, which are decorated with geometric patterns of human figures. It is a national first-class cultural relic with exquisite patterns and rare similar shapes.
The neck is decorated with back leaf pattern and scale edge decoration. The abdomen is decorated with symmetrical letters, and the circle foot is decorated with hook-nose animal patterns. There are four triangular ridges from the neck to the circle, which are decorated with geometric patterns of human figures. It is a national first-class cultural relic with exquisite patterns and rare similar shapes.
Xiang Fang yazun
Wine container. Castings in the late Shang Dynasty. The old things of the Qing Palace are now in the Palace Museum. The original instrument is 45.5 cm high and 38 cm wide. Big opening, wide overlapping shoulders, high round feet. There are four three-dimensional elephant heads at the four corners of the shoulder, and four double-angle elephant heads in the middle of the shoulder. The neck is decorated with banana leaf patterns, and the shoulders and circles are decorated with bird patterns. The face of a large animal with serrated horns on its abdomen and feet. The serrated horns of the feet are carved in the shape of a dragon. The four corners of the vessel and the center line of each wall are ribbed, and the upper end is slightly out of the mouth of the vessel, which is solemn in image.
Zhezun
Also known as the flag statue. Wine container. Casting in early Western Zhou Dynasty. 1976 was unearthed in Baijia Village, Fufeng Village, Shaanxi Province. Now in Joo Won? Museum, Shaanxi. The original instrument is 32.5 cm high and 25.9 cm in diameter. Small mouth, slightly bulging abdomen, round. The neck and circle feet are decorated with Kuiwen, the corolla is long and drooping, and the neck claws are long. The mouth is decorated with bird patterns, and the head is up and the tail is up, standing opposite. The abdomen is decorated with a large animal face pattern composed of symmetrical letters. The whole body is lined with Yun Leiwen, which has four carved ridges and is beautifully decorated.
Businessman. The original work was unearthed in Funan County, Anhui Province on 1957. It is 50.5 cm high, 44.9 cm in diameter and weighs about 20 kg. This is a tall wine container with a trumpet-shaped mouth, wide shoulders, deep abdomen and a complete circle. The dragon and tiger are decorated with three dragons winding forward, and the bibcock protrudes from the shoulder. The belly is decorated with a tiger head and two tiger bodies, and there is a human figure under the tiger's mouth. The title of a person is in the tiger's mouth. The lower part of the tiger's body is bounded by leaves, and it is decorated with animal faces composed of two opposite dragons. The upper part of the circle foot has strings and cross holes.
Longhuzun
The theme of dragon and tiger decoration is "tiger mouth holding people" On this theme, some people think that the "people" here should be those slaves, and "grabbing food from the tiger's mouth" reflects the cruelty and terror of slave society. Other archaeologists question this traditional explanation. They think it should be a witchcraft theme. Bronze ware was a very important ritual vessel at that time, and such ornamentation should be a scene documentary of wizard's practice. In ancient times, an open tiger's mouth was a symbol of dividing the world into life and death, and the people under the tiger's mouth were probably wizards. With the help of the tiger, the wizards showed an ability to connect heaven and earth and feel ghosts and gods in sacrifice. We can't explain exactly what the meaning of this pattern is, but it must be related to some myth and religious belief at that time, which is of great significance in sacrificial activities. This statue is a treasure in the bronze wares of Shang Dynasty, and it is as famous as the Four Sheep Square statue.