However, since there has been a class, people are divided into high and low, and people in positions take family names as their surnames in order to make their families pass on from generation to generation. At this time, they have surnames. For example,
Kun Gongjue Jiebu
Kun Gongga Ningbu
Kun Suolangzimo
Kun Zaba Jianzeng
Another example is: Niang Mindi Rizi died, and the name of his descendants is Niang Juehuan Xuwu. Another example: Gaer Domichga, whose descendant's name is Gaer East German Yusong.
this kind of address with family name as surname is just like "Chen's family" and "Li's family" in the Han nationality.
Later, the Tubo Dynasty in Songtsan Gampo was established, and the ministers who made contributions to divination were divided into territories and divination numbers, so people put the names of territories before their own names to show their influential families. Such as "Nie Chisang Yangdun; Zhi Si Ru Gong Dui; Tommy Sambuza. This practice has continued to this day, such as:
Yuto Qudangombo
Duoren Tenzin Banjue
Duoga Tsering Wangjie
Dingqin Tsering Wangdui
Dege Ge Sang Wangdui
These are all named after their own manor and their original names. Because the manor territory is hereditary, their descendants are also crowned with the name of the manor. For example, Doga Tsering Wangjie's son is Doga Tashi Kampot.
After the 7th century, Buddhism prevailed in Tibet, and everything was stained with the color of Buddhism. People's names also liked to invite the living Buddha to rise. If you are a nobleman or a person of status, you will seriously take the child to the living Buddha. The living Buddha will hold a simple naming ceremony for the child, and the owner will bring Hada and other gifts, then the living Buddha will recite the scriptures, and finally say some praises and auspicious words to the child before taking the name.
If a family becomes a monk, no matter how old they are, they will all have to go through the temple Kampo again and take a dharma name, and the common name will be cancelled from then on. These Kampo and Living Buddhas are given to the little monk with part of their own names. For example, Kampo's name is "Jiang Bai Chi Lie", and his names for the little monk are "Jiang Bai Duo Ji", "Jiang Bai Wang Dui", "Jiang Bai Ping Cuo" or "Jiang Bai Ge Lie" and so on. The prevalence of Buddhism affects people's names, and many people's names have a strong religious color, such as:
Danba-Buddhism, Shengjiao
Dajie-prosperity and development
Jiangyang-Miaoyin
Duoji-King Kong
Gelie-good and auspicious
group. For example: Kampo Lunzhutaokai. Kampo is a monk, and his own name is "Lunzhu Taokai". Another example: Ban Xiang Erdene Que Ji Jian Zan, whose name is "Que Ji Jian Zan" and "Ban Xiang Erdene" is the title, which was first given to the Fifth Panchen Luosang Yixi by Emperor Kangxi in 1713.
Generally, the name of the temple or family temple should be added before the name of the living Buddha, such as the living Buddha of Dongga Temple, Lausanne Chilie, whose full name is "Dongga Lausanne Chilie"; For another example, after Doji Cairen became the living founder of Rezhen Temple, his name was "Rezhen Doji Cairen". For a monk, it is no longer his name, but the title of the temple when people call him short or respectful name in daily life. Such as "Dongga Living Buddha" and "Thermal Vibration Living Buddha". Of course, what is said here is the general situation, and some living buddhas have no temples, but only family temples, so they are crowned with the name of family temples; In other places or houses, a famous living Buddha was born, so the "reincarnation" name of the living Buddha is often preceded by the corresponding place name or house name.
The names of ordinary people have no surnames, but four characters; Most of the names, such as "Duojizidan", "Suolangwangdui" and "Gengdui Qunpei", are abbreviated by only two words for convenience. The first and third words are useful, such as "Gengdui Qunpei" for short "Gengqun" and "Chanzeng Quzha" for short "Single Song"; Also, the first two words or the last two words are used as abbreviations, such as "Duoji Zidan" or "Duoji" for short; " Suolangwangdui ",referred to as" Wangdui ". It is common to use one or three words or the first two words or the last two words as abbreviations, but it is not common to use two or four words as abbreviations. There are also many people whose names only use two words, such as "Chanzeng", "Nima", "Tsering" and "Dawa". The names given by civilians on the second floor all have certain meanings, and they place their own thoughts and feelings on them, which is rich and colorful.
One is to use natural objects as their names, such as:
Dawa-Moon
Nima-Sun
Baima-Lotus
Mei Duo-Flower
It is also named after the birth date of the child. Such as:
Langga-the 3th
Songsong-the 3rd
Jiejie-the 8th
Jiji-the 1st
and the week to name children. Such as:
Nima-Sunday (also known as "Sun" and "Sun")
Dawa-Monday (also known as "Moon" and "Month")
Mima-Tuesday
Laba-Wednesday
Pubu-Thursday
.
Many parents place their feelings in the names they give their children. For example, if the father thinks that he has too many children and wants to terminate the birth, he will name the child "Cang Mu Jue", which means to terminate. " Poor "means the smallest, which means no more children. If parents want to have a boy, they will name their newborn daughter "Buchi", which means "bring a boy" and "give birth to a boy under the capital"; Or in order to save the life of the boy, he deliberately thought of a female name, such as "Gesandji". If parents want their sons to live a long life, they will name their children "Tsering" and "Tsedan", which I think is the case that some children died early. If the parents are old and think that it is impossible to have another child in the future, or if the child is hard-won and died much earlier, they will name their children "Laze" (as beautiful as a fairy), "Nobu" (meaning baby) and "Ram" (fairy). Some parents choose their children's names, such as "Qijia" (shit), "Paga" (pig shit) and "Qijiu" (puppy), to make their children grow up easily.
In pastoral areas and some remote places, people's cultural and sports level is very low, so they should name their children casually, such as:
Cuom-the sea
Maqiong-a large piece of ghee
that day-black egg (dark)
Nathan-black hair
Baiba. In a unit or a village, you can hear two, three or four identical names at the same time, or even a dozen identical names. In order to distinguish, people put some explanations in front of their names.
one is to increase, medium and small before the name, such as: big Basang, middle Basang and small Pingcuo.
one way is to add place names to people from different places, such as: TuiPoor Wangtui, "DuiPoor" and "Yadong" in Yadong Wangdui are place names. Another example: "Renbu" and "Duilong" in Renbu Duoji and Duilong Duoji are all place names.
one is to distinguish the physiological characteristics of people in the back. For example,
Ge Sang Suoque-kidnapper Ge Sang
Tashi Baza-Mazi Tashi
Danba Guoqin-Datou Danba
Doji ruled-blind Doji
Basang Jiama-fat Basang
Wangqin Diebu-short Wangqin
Cidan Duigu. Such as:
Ma Qinzidan-Chef Zidan
Harmony and Qi Mei-Masonry Qi Mei
Xing Suo Qiang Ba-Carpenter Qiang Ba
Anm Jigsang-Doctor Ge Sang
There are also gender and age differences, such as the same "Dawa", and the man's name is "Pudawa". Another example is that both adults and children are called Tashi, and the difference between the old and the young is "Bozhaxi" (Grandpa Tashi) and "Puzhaxi" (Child Tashi); " Mo Yangjin (old lady Yang Jin) and Pumu Yangjin (girl Yang Jin).
After liberation, with the change of people's political life, there are some new contents when naming names, such as:
Golden Ball-Liberation
Dama-Red Flag
Deji Mei Duo-Happiness Flower
In order to follow the fashion, children are also named Sajie (Freshman), and most of these names are Han Jie.
In Sichuan, Qinghai, Gannan and other places where Chinese and Tibetans live together, as well as in Changdu, where the corners are relatively prosperous, names with Han surnames and Tibetan names appear, such as Zhang Wang Dui, Li Cijia, Chen Gongbu and Zhao Renzeng.
In the Tibetan areas in the Han area of Qinghai, people are also taking their surnames according to the Han nationality. For example, his family name is "Zhuocang", which means "Maijia", so they use the Chinese character "Mei" similar to Maizi as their surnames, and they are named "Mei Duoji" and "Mei Tomi".
Tibetan names are mostly used by men and women, such as Dawa, Nima, Basang, Tashi and Ge Sang. But some of them are strictly differentiated and only used by women, such as Mu Wang, Zhuo Ma, Zhuoga, Yangjin, Slim, Qu Zhen, La Zhen, Ram, Cang (Mu) Jue and so on.
only for men, such as Kampot, Pazhuo, Dunzhu, Duoji, Jinmei, Wangdui, Zhujie, Luozhu, Zhantui and so on.
among the people in northern Tibet, due to the differences in local phonetics, names that used to be four words appeared, and when they got used to it, they became three words, such as "Tsering Ji", which should have been "Tsering Deji". Because it was spoken quickly, the third syllable "De" behind them was omitted. Another example is: "Yang Tashi", originally "Yang Jin Tashi", used to omit the word "Jin" in the second syllable and become Yang Tashi. However, Tibetans in Qinghai also have three-word names, such as "Sangjiejia" and "Zhuo Ma Cuo".
There are many changes in Tibetan names. What we are talking about here is only the general situation, and there are so many special names that we can't list them one by one.
There are many differences between Tibetans and Han people in addressing relatives.
Han people strictly distinguish between grandfathers, grandfathers, grandmothers and grandmothers, but there is no strict distinction among Tibetans. Grandfathers and grandfathers are collectively called "Bola"; Grandmother and grandmother are collectively called "Mora".
Han people also have strict distinctions in addressing their relatives. They are called "uncle" and "aunt" more than their fathers, and "uncle" and "aunt" less than their fathers. Tibetans are not so strict. All the brothers of their fathers are called "Aku". All my father's sisters are called "Ani".
The Tibetan people's appellation of Ni's system is not strictly differentiated, which is very affectionate. On the contrary, the name of the matriarchal system is strict. For example, it is called "Qubo" to the father-in-law and "Qumu" to the mother-in-law; Say "no" to his wife's brother; For his wife's sister, it is called "returning to mother".