1. Qingyang City, the old state of Zhou Zu, is located in the Loess Plateau District in the east of Gansu Province. The city is south of the "Qingyuan", so it is called Qingyang. There are two seasonal rivers flowing from the east and west sides of the city, sandwiching Qingyang City, forming a diamond shape, like a phoenix spreading its wings, so Qingyang is also called "Phoenix City". Qingyang is a treasured place for Feng Shui, so history books say that "the rise of Zhou Dao began in Qingyang". According to historical records, the ancestor of the Zhou Dynasty was named Hou Ji (sound abandoned), and Hou Ji was an agricultural officer in charge of wheat planting. By the end of the Xia Dynasty (approximately 16th century BC), Houji was later called Bucheng (sounding cool). He lost his official position and migrated to Rongqiang land (today's Qingyang area). He taught people to plant here and founded Qingyang. city. Among the stories of digging ditches and building cities, there is still a legend that King Zhou Buchu dug out the dragon's veins in Dongchuan. It is said that King Zhou Buchu dug out the dragon's veins in Dongchuan. A sign that the Zhou Dynasty replaced the Yin and Shang Dynasties. According to historical records, Qingyang has a history of 3,500 years of city construction, which is rare among many ancient cities in my country. Buchen later died in Qingyang and was buried on the east mountain of Qingyang, which is the Zhou Zuling Mausoleum. Later, Sun Gong Liu, who did not have a window, moved south to Xunyi and Bin County in Shaanxi to avoid the intrusion of Yiqu people. Later descendants moved to the Qishan area. After the establishment of the Zhou Dynasty, Qingyang became the old state of the Zhou ancestors, and descendants of later generations often came to Qingyang to worship their ancestors.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Qingyang was under the jurisdiction of Yiqu State. In 266 BC, Duke Zhao of Qin destroyed Yiqu State and established Beidi County, which became part of the Qin State. Qingyang was named Yiqu County of Beidi County. During the Han Dynasty, Yiqu County was renamed Yuzhi County. In the Sui Dynasty, the name was changed to Honghua County. In 617 AD (the 13th year of the Sui Dynasty), Li Yuan was appointed as the left-resident of Honghua County. In the Tang Dynasty, it was renamed Anhua County, and later changed to Hue County. It can also be seen from the change in the name of the county that in ancient times this was a land of Rong and Qiang, a border minority area. It was constantly under the pacification and rule of the Central Plains dynasty, and gradually became unified with the Central Plains ethnic groups.
2． Fan Zhongyan guarded Qingyang. By the Song Dynasty, Qingyang had become an important border defense point against Xixia, a powerful force in the north. The Northern Song Dynasty was founded in 960, followed by the Liao Kingdom in 916 and the Xixia Kingdom in 1038. The Liao and Xixia were the two major military forces that troubled the Northern Song Dynasty at that time. The Liao came from Hedong (east of the Yellow River including northern Shanxi and northern Hebei), and Xixia threatened the Northern Song Dynasty from Hexi (including northern Shaanxi and eastern Gansu). After the founding of the Xixia state, wars were launched against the Song Dynasty in successive years, harassment by small groups became more frequent, and the border area was extremely uneasy. Qingyang was just the transportation artery for Xixia's invasion of the Central Plains. The Song Dynasty established Qingzhou in Qingyang. In 1041 (the first year of Qingli in Song Dynasty), Fan Zhongyan was appointed as the magistrate of Qingzhou and the envoy of Huanqing Road Manager to appease and recruit, and guarded Qingzhou. At that time, Han Qi was appointed as the governor of Yanyan Road to appease and recruit envoys and guarded Shaanxi. The two men respectively controlled several groups of soldiers and horses to jointly resist the invasion of Xixia, saving the local people from the suffering of swords and weapons, and the Northern Song Dynasty court was in peace.
Fan Zhongyan adopted the strategy of "garrisoning the fields to defend the city" when he was guarding Qingyang, and simultaneously built the city, garrisoned the border, and appeased the city. The first is to consolidate the defense of Gyeongju City and build two more Fuchengs in the north based on the original Qingyang City. At the same time, the construction efforts in Qingcheng were intensified. At that time, there were state and county government offices and public facilities in the city. There were more than ten temples alone, and Zhenshuo Tower was built in the north gate. Zhenshuo Tower is the commanding height of the city. When you climb the tower and look north, you can see beacon towers far and near. This building was destroyed in Li Zicheng's siege at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The Zhenshuo Tower rebuilt in the Qing Dynasty was also destroyed by the war. This building no longer exists. Only Big A was not burned down twice, and it is known as the sacred tree. The only remaining Song Dynasty building in Qingyang today is the main hall of Puzhao Temple, which has experienced thousands of years of ups and downs. The second is to build dozens of new satellite cities within dozens of miles around Qingcheng. These cities can not only resist the invasion of Xixia people, but also settle people in the city, forming a joint defense pattern with Qingyang City. The third is to station troops for reclamation and let the soldiers move their homes. Since the parents and wives are in the city, the soldiers must be brave to defend the land. Due to Fan Zhongyan's effective measures and the strong military power, the Qiang people surrendered one after another, and the Xixia people did not dare to invade. At this time, Qingyang should be said to be the most prosperous period in ancient times. Two years later, Fan Zhongyan entered the court as prime minister, and his son continued to know Qingzhou. The people of Gyeongju were deeply favored by the Fan family, and local people built temples to worship her.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Qingyang was occupied by the Jin soldiers, and the Jurchen and Han tribes lived in Qingyang. There is still a large iron bell cast in the Jin Dynasty in the Qingyang Museum, with a height of 3 meters. , engraved with Jurchen characters. In the Yuan Dynasty, Qingyang Prefecture was established, and in the Ming Dynasty, Anhua County was added. Since the Yuan Dynasty, the political center of the country has moved eastward. Qingyang in the west has lost its status as an important border defense town and its economy is very underdeveloped. Even during the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, Qingyang suffered a severe drought, locusts covered the sun, and the people suffered from a great famine. There was a tragic scene of "people eating each other".
3. Li Mengyang’s hometown It should be mentioned that the hometown of Li Mengyang, a great scholar in the Ming Dynasty, was in Qingyang. Li Mengyang (1473-1529), whose courtesy name was Tianci and whose nickname was Kongtongzi, served as the head of the Ministry of Household Affairs and deputy envoy of Jiangxi Province. In literature, he advocated restoration and advocated "literature must be based on the Qin and Han Dynasties, and poetry must be based on the prosperous Tang Dynasty". He was one of the four great writers in the Jiajing literary circle. The restoration movement in the literary world he led had a great influence at that time.
It is said that when Mother Li was pregnant with Liujia, she dreamed of the sun falling into her arms one night, and the child was born the next day, so she named her Mengyang. In the seventh year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, Li Mengyang went to Chang'an to take the exam. Unexpectedly, there was a person with the same name as him among the candidates. This person looked down on Li Mengyang who came from the ravine, so he thought it was difficult and asked Mengyang to answer a question: "Lin Xiangru, Sima Xiangru." For example, the names are similar, but the reality is different." Li Mengyang dismissed this and actually answered: "Wei Wuji, Changsun Wuji, he Wuji, this is also Wuji." The answer was very clever. During the exam, the examiner ordered him to compose a poem on the spot. Li Mengyang's poem said: "Step by step, climb the tall building, hold on to the railing and look at the Big Dipper. It's not the green mountains that cover your eyes, but the eighteen states in the world." The examiner was amazed by his talent. This year, Li Mengyang passed the Jinshi exam. , and later became a very influential scholar and a leader in the literary world at that time.
4． Qingyang Eight Scenic Spots In the early Qing Dynasty, Qingyang, Pingliang, Lintao, and Gongchang were divided into four prefectures to establish Gansu Province. Since then, Qingyang County has belonged to Gansu Province and has not changed to this day. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing government set up schools in Qingyang, and established weaving bureaus, post offices, chambers of commerce, etc. After the Revolution of 1911, Qingyang was also affected by the new trend. Middle schools, Tianzu Association (women's foot training), etc. were established. The people's strength was restored, showing a scene of living and working in peace and contentment. At that time, it was called the Eight Scenic Spots of Qingyang, including Zhou Laowang's Graves, Echi Cave, etc. One of the scenes is Nancheng Night Market, which can roughly reflect the people's economic and living conditions. The landscape poems and couplets written by the literati at that time are still interesting to read today, and several paragraphs have been copied for everyone to enjoy.
Nancheng Evening Market Author: Yang Licheng Yun suffered from being preyed upon by selfish interests, running around all day long and fighting late at night; always harboring monopoly in the house, planning in a hurry without waiting for the rooster to crow; every day after dusk, there is still noisy The sound of laughter; try to look outside Yongchun Tower, where the lights are all over the south city.
The author of the inscription on the swing frame in West Street, Qingyang: Hu Ju. The flying girl is like Chang'e flying towards the blue moon, and the dancing boy is flying away like a bachelor walking on the blue clouds.
The author of the Qingyang Tianzu Association Couplet: Yang Xuetang. It is difficult to move forward, so don’t put big materials into small use; enough capacity should be heavy, and quickly replace the old ones with new ones.